Laetiporus

Introduction

The genus Laetiporus was described by Murrill (1904) typified by Agaricus speciosus Battarra [= Polyporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.)] as a monotypic genus. The type species, L. sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill, is characterized by the bright orange to yellow colored pileus, soft and fleshy context and dimitic hyphal system with simple septate generative and binding hyphae. Laetiporus sulphureus (L. sulphureus sensu lato) has been considered a cosmopolitan species distributed from boreal to tropical zones (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986; Hood 2003; Núñez & Ryvarden 2001; Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993; Ryvarden & Johansen 1980). In addition to L. sulphureus s. l., the following species with different colorations and/or morphologies are accepted in Laetiporus on the basis of the hyphal characters and the decay type: L. baudonii (Pat.) Ryvarden, L. persicinus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Gilb., L. portentosus (Berk.) Rajchenb. (Gilbertson 1981; Ryvarden 1991; Rajchenberg 1995). However, a recent phylogenetic study showed that Laetiporus was not monophyletic and at least L. persicinus and L. portentosus fell outside the “core Laetiporus clade” (Lindner & Banik 2008).

Here, descriptions and an interactive multi-access key to identify "core Laetiporus" species known from East Asia, Europe and North America (Burdsall & Banik 2001; Ota et al. in preparation) are provided.

References

• Burdsall HH, Banik MT, 2001. The genus Laetiporus in North America. Harvard Papers in Botany 6: 43-55.
• Gilbertson RL 1981. North American wood-rotting fungi that cause brown rots. Mycotaxon 12: 372-416.
• Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L, 1986. North American polypores. 1. Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway.
• Hood I, 2003. An introduction to fungi on wood in Queensland. The University of New England School of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Armidale.
• Lindner D, Banik M, 2008. Molecular phylogeny of Laetiporus and other brown rot polypore genera in North America. Mycologia 100: 417-430.
• Murrill WA, 1904. The Polyporaceae of North America IX. Inonotus, Sesia and monotypic genera. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 31: 593-610.
• Núñez M, Ryvarden L, 2001. East Asian Polypores. Volume 2. Polyporaceae s. lato. Fungiflora, Oslo.
• Overholts LO, 1953. The polyporaceae of the United States, Alaska and Canada. Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press, London.
• Rajchenberg M, 1995. A taxonomic study of the subantarctic Piptoporus (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycetes) II. Nordic Journal of Botany 15:1 05-119.
• Ryvarden L, 1991. Genera of polypores. Nomenclature and taxonomy. Fungiflora, Oslo.
• Ryvarden L, Johansen I, 1980. A preliminary polypore flora of East Africa. Fungiflora, Oslo.
• Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL, 1993. European polypores. Fungiflora, Oslo.

Characters (Polypores)

• Basidiocarps:
  • Longevity of basidiocarp growth (子実体の一世代の生長期間)
  • Attachment of stipe to the pileus (柄の位置)
  • Type of basidiocarp attachment (子実体のつき方)
  • Basidiocarp aggregation (子実体の発生の仕方)
• Pileus:
  • Pileus shape, top view (上面からみた傘の形状）
  • Pileus upper surface color (when fresh) (生時の傘の表面の色)
  • Pileus shape, side view (側面から見た傘の形状)
  • Pileus length (cm), basidiocarp length (resupinate species) (傘の長さ、 子実体の長さ(背着生の種))
  • Pileus width (cm), basidiocarp width (resupinate species) (傘の幅、子実体の幅（背着生の種）)
  • Pileus thickness (cm), basidiocarp length (resupinate species) (傘の厚さ、子実体の厚さ（背着生の種）)
• Pores:
  • Pore shape (菅孔の形状）
  • Pore surface color (when fresh) (生時の菅孔面の色)
  • Pore density (number per mm) (菅孔の密度)
• Context and tube
  • Context thickness (cm) (傘肉の厚さ cm)
  • Tube layer length (菅孔の長さ)
• Basidiospores:
  • Basidiospore shape (胞子の形状)
  • Basidiospore surface (ornamentation) (胞子の表面構造(模様）)
  • Basidiospore length (胞子の長さ)
  • Basidiospore width (胞子の幅)
• Others
  • Geographic distribution (地理的分布域)
  • Substrates (angiosperm or gymnosperm) (基質 広葉樹か針葉樹か)
  • Substrates (living or dead substrates) (基質　生きているか死物か)
  • Formation of anamorphic form (subglobose fruitbodies producing chlamydospores inside (ヒラフスベ型子実体の形成（内部に厚壁胞子を形成する類球形の子実体）)
• Culture
  • Culture growth rate (MEA, 25 °C, mm per day) (1日あたりの菌叢の成長速度)
  • Optimum growth temperature in culture (最適成長温度)
  • colony (mycelial mat) color (菌叢の色)
  • Texture of aerial mycelium in culture (気中菌糸の形状)
  • Chlamydospore presence in culture (菌叢上での厚壁胞子の形成の有無)
  • Conidiospore presence (の形成の有無)

Taxa

• Laetiporus sp. 1
• Laetiporus sp. 2
• Laetiporus sp. 3
• Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill 'European hardwood form'
• Laetiporus cincinnatus (Morgan) Burds., Banik & Volk
• Laetiporus conifericola Burds. & Banik
• Laetiporus gilbertsonii Burds.
• Laetiporus gilbertsonii var. pallidus Burds.
• Laetiporus huronensis Burds. & Banik
• Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill, 'N. American form'