Selenops\according to Crews 2011

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Araneae
Familia: Selenopidae

Name

Selenops Latreille, 1819 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Selenops Latreille 1819: 579 (type species Selenops radiatus Latreille 1819: 579).
• Hypoplatea MacLeay 1839: 6 (type species Hypoplatea celer MacLeay, 1839, from Cuba). Synonymized by Walckenaer, 1842.
• Orops Benoit 1968: 116 (type species Selenops littoricola Strand, 1913, from Africa). Synonymized by Corronca, 1996.

Diagnosis

The genus Selenops can be distinguished from other genera of the family Selenopidae by the ventral leg spination of legs I and II. All members of this genus have three pairs of ventral spines on the tibiae I and II, and two pairs of ventral spines on the metatarsi I and II, denoted as 3–2. Spination for other genera is as follows: Amamanganops Leg I 4–3, Leg II 5–3; Anyphops 4 to 7 pairs on legs I and II; Garcorops 4–3; Godumops 7–4; Hovops 2–2; Karaops Leg I 5 to 6, Leg II 0–4, or unpaired; Makdiops Leg I 4–4, 3–3, or 3–2, Leg II 4–4, 4–3, 3–3, or 3–2; Pakawops Leg I 7–5 Leg II unknown; Siamspinops Leg I 11–15, Leg II 7–13.

Description

Total length of males 4.00–13.00 mm, of females 5.00–18.00 mm; body yellowish to brownish to greyish, mottled with darker markings; legs with bands (Figs 180–181,191). Cephalothorax: Carapace in most specimens with dark mottling, dorsoventrally flattened, wider than long with distinct cephalic region, thoracic region laterally convex, fovea longitudinal with radiating grooves, hirsute, clypeus low. Eight eyes outlined in black, six eyes in the anterior row, straight or slightly recurved, two eyes in the posterior row. PLE usually the largest (Fig. 184), ALE usually the smallest. Sternum circular to ovoid with notched posterior projection extending between coxae IV. Chilum absent. Chelicerae geniculate, robust; patura setose with distinct lateral condyles. Fang large, cheliceral promargin with 3 teeth and retromargin with 2 teeth. Labium as wide as, or wider than long, rounded anteriorly, truncate posteriorly; endites ectally convex, subparallel with terminal scopulae. Female pedipalp with claw. Abdomen: Longer than wide, ovoid, extremely dorsoventrally flattened, slightly truncate posteriorly; mottled, sometimes with setal tufts along the posterior margin giving the tip of the abdomen a festooned appearance (Figs 179, 187, 190). One pair of book lungs and single tracheal spiracle near spinnerets. Six spinnerets, anterior pair adjacent; colulus absent. Legs: Laterigrade, long, tarsi with two claws, in most species the prolateral claw is toothed and the retrolateral claw is smooth, however both claws can also be toothed or not. Claw tufts present. Tarsal scopulae present in most species. Trichobothria present on all leg segments. Legs, especially femora, ringed in black in most species. Tibia and Metatarsus I and II with strong spines, in a 3–2 pattern, respectively. Copulatory organs: Male palpus complex, retrolateral tibial apophysis 2 or 3 branched, dorsal branch longer than ventral branch in most species; embolus long, median apophysis 1 or 2 branched, at least one branch sclerotized in most species. Conductor typically large and with a spine- or spur-like apex. Epigyne with lateral lobes or not, spermathecal openings at the caudal end of a median guide or in a median pit, many species with epigynal pockets. Internal ducts variable, spermathecae large and heavily sclerotized in most species, some species with posterodorsal fold.

Nomina dubia

Franganillo (1926) described a subspecies of Selenops radiatus, Selenops radiatus fuscus, from Cuba, and mentions Selenops radiatus occurring in Cuba. However, it is clear that Selenops radiatus, or any subspecies, does not occur anywhere in the New World. Additionally, he provided no illustrations with his descriptions. Thus, Selenops radiatus fuscus is unrecognizable and should be considered a nomen dubium.

Distribution

Tropical and subtropical areas of North, South and Central America, Africa, Madagascar and Asia.

Composition

Currently there are 35 valid species of Old World Selenops and 85 recognized species of New World Selenops.

Key to species of Selenops found in the North America, Central America and the Caribbean, exclusive of Cuban endemics * denotes Selenops actophilus, Selenops debilis and Selenops nesophilus, which can be very difficult to separate morphologically owing to apparent variation (see text). The key was made using the type specimens.
(Terms used are illustrated in Figs 1–2 for females and 3–4 for males)

Key to species of Selenops found in the North America, Central America and the Caribbean, exclusive of Cuban endemics — S. Crews

1		Males    2
–		Females    38
2	(1)	MA with two branches (Figs 21, 79, 159)    3
–		MA with a single branch (Fig. 3)    7
3	(2)	Dorsal branch of RTA much longer than ventral branch    4
–		Dorsal branch of RTA only slightly longer than ventral branch, or the same length as ventral branch    6
4	(3)	Dorsal branch of RTA bifurcated distally with a small lobe projecting laterally in lateral view (Fig. 80)    Selenops bifurcatus
–		Dorsal branch of RTA otherwise    5
5	(4)	Dorsal branch of RTA of uniform width in lateral view, embolus very short and located behind another sclerite (Figs 21–22)    Selenops gracilis
–		Dorsal branch of RTA wider at base in lateral view, tapering distally; embolus longer (Figs 27–28)    Selenops mexicanus
6	(3)	Cymbium round in ventral view, embolus very short (Valdez-Mondragon 2010, Figs 3–4)    Selenops aztecus
–		Cymbium oval in ventral view, embolus at least half as long as cymbium, beginning at 7 o'clock, ending at 10 o'clock (Figs 159–160)    Selenops enriquillo sp. n.
7	(2)	Embolus with two branches (Figs 97, 105, 109)    8
–		Embolus with a single branch (Figs 3, 43, 91)    10
8	(7)	Base of MA very wide and quadrangular, dorsal branch of RTA very wide, widening distally (Figs 97–98, 109–110)    9
–		Tapering of MA more gradual, base of MA not quadrangular, dorsal branch of RTA uniform in width (Figs 105–106)    Selenops wilmotorum sp. n.
9	(8)	RTA with small, conical, medial branch, MA tapering very abruptly to small, slender hook (Figs 97–98)    Selenops candidus
–		RTA very large, u-shaped in ventral view, lateral branch bifid, MA tapering, but not as abruptly, forming a stout hook (Figs 109–110)    Selenops wilsoni sp. n.
10	(7)	Palpal tibia very long, embolus arising mediolaterally rather than basally (Figs 15–18)    11
–		Palpal tibia not as long, embolus not arising mediolaterally (Figs 7, 11)    12
11	(10)	MA a long, finger-like hook (Fig. 17)    Selenops micropalpus
–		MA small, conical, tapering to a small hook (Fig. 15)    Selenops banksi
12	(10)	MA small and directed ventrally (Figs 7, 11)    13
–		MA large and/or directed distally (Figs 33, 121)    14
13	(12)	Embolus beginning at 3 o'clock, terminating between 10 and 11 o'clock, both branches of RTA directed distally (Figs 7–8)    Selenops geraldinae
–		Embolus beginning at 5 o'clock, ending at 11 o'clock, fairly thick throughout, ventral branch of RTA directed ventrally (Figs 11–12)    Selenops willinki
14	(12)	Conductor arising from a long stalk near the center of the palpal bulb (Fig. 3)    15
–		Conductor otherwise    19
15	(14)	Conductor somewhat T-shaped (Figs 145, 167, 169, 175)    16
–		Stalk of conductor somewhat twisted, cymbium angular (Fig. 3)    Selenops curazao
16	(15)	Projection on stalk of conductor (Figs 145, 149, 167)    17
–		Projection on stalk of conductor absent    20
17	(16)	Tip of conductor projecting beyond cymbium (Fig. 167)    Selenops morro sp. n.
–		Tip of conductor does not project beyond cymbium (Figs 145, 149)    18
18	(17)	Dorsal branch of RTA distally pointed, MA shorter than stalk of conductor (Figs 145–146)    Selenops kalinago sp. n.
–		Dorsal branch of RTA rounded, MA nearly as long as stalk of conductor (Figs 149–150)    Selenops souliga sp. n.
19	(17)	Dorsal branch of RTA rounded distally, embolus and conductor extending beyond edge of cymbium (Figs 169–170)    Selenops simius
–		Dorsal branch of RTA truncate, embolus and conductor not extending beyond border of cymbium (Figs 175–176)    Selenops submaculosus
20	(16)	Conductor distally c-shaped, MA large and directed ventrally (Fig. 153)    Selenops bani
–		Conductor and MA otherwise    21
21	(20)	Conductor large, as long as palpal bulb, and angular, with no obvious connection to middle of bulb (Figs 53, 59, 61)    22
–		Conductor otherwise, with long embolus arising basally    24
–		Conductor otherwise, with very short embolus, arising medially    26
22	(21)	RTA with a stalk with a large quadrangular process distally    23
–		RTA forming a v-shape in lateral view (Fig. 60)    Selenops debilis*
23	(22)	RTA smooth, embolus beginning at 5 o'clock, terminating at 11 o'clock, MA with a long, finger-like process partially covering conductor (Figs 54)    Selenops actophilus*
–		RTA a ridge, embolus beginning at 6 o'clock, terminating at 11 o'clock, long, finger-like process of MA does not reach conductor (Figs 61–62)    Selenops nesophilus*
24	(21)	RTA with a stalk, terminating in a very large triangular process covering much of the cymbium in lateral view (Figs 69–70)    Selenops lepidus
–		RTA smaller, or without stalk and large distal process    25
25	(24)	RTA small and simple, ventral branch pointed in lateral view, dorsal branch truncate in lateral view, MA long and hook-like (Figs 75–76)    Selenops petenajtoy sp. n.
–		Ventral branch of RTA distally rounded and directed toward lateral branch in ventral view (Valdez-Mondragon 2007, Figs 4–5)    Selenops juxtlahuaca
26	(21)	Embolus very small, arising near center of bulb and terminating just above, MA located proximally (Fig. 141)    Selenops baweka sp. n.
–		Embolus and MA otherwise    27
27	(26)	Embolus curved around or toward lateral edge of cymbium (Figs 95, 121, 125)    28
–		Embolus directed distally, not curving around edge of cymbium (Figs 43, 91)    34
28	(27)	RTA very large and curving laterally, lateral branch with a small process arising basally (Figs 95–96)    Selenops aissus
–		RTA otherwise    29
29	(28)	MA with a large base, tapering abruptly (Figs 41, 49)    30
–		MA more uniform, tapering gradually (Figs 121, 135)    32
30	(29)	Embolus curving around edge of the cymbium, RTA truncate in lateral view (Figs 49–50)    Selenops scitus
–		Embolus not reaching edge of cymbium, RTA otherwise    31
31	(30)	Base of MA conical, tapering to a small hook, RTA with distally pointed processes in lateral view (Fig. 41)    Selenops morosus
–		Base of MA ovoid, tapering to a large hook, RTA quadrangular with a small pointed process in lateral view directed ventrally (Figs 131–132)    Selenops trifidus
32	(29)	RTA very small, arising distally on palpal tibia (Figs 161–162)    Selenops phaselus
–		RTA larger, arising basally on palpal tibia    33
33	(32)	Dorsal branch of RTA truncate, only widening slightly distally, conductor forming an arch at lateral and medial connections to bulb (Figs 125–126)    Selenops marcanoi
–		Dorsal branch of RTA slightly sinuous, slanted, widening distally, conductor forming a circle at lateral and medial connections to bulb (Figs 121–122)    Selenops insularis
34	(27)	Conductor slightly hammer shaped, directed retrolaterally (Fig. 135)    Selenops denia sp. n.
–		Conductor otherwise    35
35	(34)	Embolus arising mediobasally and terminating just over halfway up palpal bulb, RTA quadrangular with one small distal pointed projection (Figs 91–92)    Selenops lindborgi
–		Embolus longer, RTA otherwise    36
36	(35)	Conductor rounded at terminus (Fig. 33)    Selenops marginalis
–		Conductor pointed at terminus (Figs 37, 43)    37
37	(36)	Embolus arising from a round base, abruptly truncate, conductor pointed, tip extending beyond edge of cymbium, RTA claw shaped in lateral view (Figs 37–38)    Selenops minutus
–		Embolus tapering gradually, RTA on a small stalk with a small quadrangular process distally (Figs 43–44)    Selenops nigromaculatus
38	(1)	Epigynum with a distinct median septum (Figs 1, 5, 19, 23, 51, 55)    39
–		Epigynum without median septum, with central depression or openings (Figs 9, 45, 119)    55
39	(38)	Septum surrounded by sclerotized ring or square (Figs 1, 5, 19)    40
–		Septum not surrounded by sclerotized ring or square (23, 51, 55)    41
40	(39)	Septum surrounded by sclerotized ring, epigynal plate triangular in shape overall (Fig. 5)    Selenops curazao
–		Septum surrounded by sclerotized quadrangular area, epigynal plate squarish overall (Fig. 1)    Selenops arikok sp. n.
41	(39)	Median septum located distally (Fig. 19)    Selenops micropalpus
–		Median septum located medially or proximally (Figs 23, 25, 29)    42
42	(41)	Median septum hyaline, with epigynal pockets located laterally (Figs 23, 25, 29)    43
–		Median septum sclerotized (Figs 55, 57, 77, 85)    45
43	(42)	Median septum extending downward, touching sclerotized area where epigynal pockets are located (Figs 23, 25)    44
–		Median septum located medially, not extending downward to epigynal pockets (Fig. 29)    Selenops mexicanus
44	(43)	Spermathecae oval fertilization ducts located laterally, posterodorsal fold rectangular (Figs 23–24)    Selenops gracilis
–		Spermathecae oblong, posterodorsal fold medially depressed, forming a u-shape (Figs 25–26)    Selenops malinalxochitl sp. n.
45	(42)	Median septum extending beyond epigastric furrow (Valdez-Mondragon, 2007, Figs 7–8)    Selenops juxtlahuaca
–		Median septum not extending beyond epigastric furrow    46
46	(45)	Median septum extending to edge of epigynal plate (Figs 63, 77)    47
–		Terminus of median septum located more medially, or covered medially by lateral lobes (Figs 71, 85)    52
47	(46)	Proximal edge of epigynum sinuous, with raised areas laterally (Fig. 63)    Selenops nesophilus*
–		Proximal edge of epigynum not sinuous, lateral raised areas absent    48
48	(47)	Lower margin of epigynal plate extended laterally and upwards, sclerotized sides extend as far distally as median septum (Figs 81–82)    Selenops bifurcatus
–		Epigynal plate not extended laterally and distally    49
49	(48)	Internal copulatory organs with two long slender spermathecae (Figs 55, 57)    50
–		Spermathecae small and compact (Fig. 51)    51
50	(49)	Spermathecae with two branches on each side, directed distally (Fig. 55)    Selenops actophilus*
–		Spermathecae with one branch on each side, directed laterally (Figs 57–58)    Selenops debilis*
51	(49)	Median septum small and narrow, internal ducts branched once (Figs 51–52)    Selenops ixchel sp.
–		Median septum large and wide, internal ducts with two branches (Fig. 77)    Selenops huetocatl sp. n.
52	(46)	Internal ducts coiled (Figs 72, 74)    53
–		Internal ducts otherwise    54
53	(52)	Median septum seemingly covered by lateral lobes, located in center of plate, right lobe overlapping left (Fig. 71 )    Selenops lepidus
–		Median septum not covered, located in the lower third of plate, lateral lobes not overlapping (Fig. 73)    Selenops chamela sp. n.
54	(52)	Median septum ovoid, lateral lobes conspicuous proximally (Figs 83–84)    Selenops buscki
–		Median septum quadrangular to angular, lateral lobes not obvious (Figs 85–86)    Selenops oricuajo sp. n.
55	(38)	Epigynum with v-shaped median area, genital openings located at lateral margins of v (Figs 31, 87, 119)    56
–		Median area and genital openings otherwise (Figs 89, 93)    59
56	(55)	Internal ducts coiled extensively (Figs 87–88)    Selenops amona sp. n.
–		Internal ducts otherwise    57
57	(56)	Lateral lobes fused, not obvious (Fig. 31)    Selenops abyssus
–		Lateral lobes distinct    58
58	(57)	Large posterodorsal fold covering spermathecae (Figs 119–120)    Selenops insularis
–		Posterodorsal fold absent (Figs 163–164)    Selenops phaselus
59	(55)	Median area an anteriorly projecting lobe (Figs 107, 133)    60
–		Median area otherwise    61
60	(59)	Lateral lobe separation extending the length of anteriorly projecting lobe, posterodorsal fold extending less than 1/3 length of epigynal plate (Fig. 133)    Selenops duan sp. n.
–		Lateral lobes do not extend the length of anteriorly projecting lobe, posterodorsal fold huge, more than ? the length of epigynal plate (Fig. 107)    Selenops wilsoni sp. n.
61	(59)	Genital openings located anteriorly (Figs 13, 127, 129, 143)    62
–		Genital openings located elsewhere    65
62	(61)	Epigynal pockets located medially (Fig. 13)    Selenops willinki
–		Epigynal pockets located elsewhere or absent    63
63	(62)	Posterodorsal fold absent, genital openings located beneath a small slit (Figs 143–144)    Selenops kalinago sp. n.
–		Posterodorsal fold present    64
64	(63)	Genital openings located behind a small circular area, posterodorsal fold not entirely covering spermathecae, epigynal pockets small (Figs 127–128)    Selenops bocacanadensis sp. n.
–		Genital openings located in a large crescent shaped area, posterodorsal fold completely covering spermathecae, epigynal pockets large (Figs 129–130)    Selenops oviedo sp. n.
65	(61)	Median field a keyhole-shaped area (Fig. 45)    Selenops makimaki sp. n.
–		Median field otherwise    66
66	(65)	Internal copulatory organs coiled anteriorly to posteriorly (Figs 101–102)    Selenops petrunkevitchi
–		Internal copulatory organs otherwise    67
67	(66)	Posterior margin of epigynum extending downward into two points (Figs 93, 155)    68
–		Posterior margin of epigynum otherwise    69
68	(67)	Lateral lobes indistinct, spermathecae large and round, located medially (Figs 93–94)    Selenops aissus
–		Lateral lobes distinct, spermathecae small, oval, located laterally (Figs 155–156)    Selenops pensilis
69	(67)	Posterodorsal fold absent (Figs 40, 48, 148, 152)    70
–		Posterodorsal fold present    73
70	(69)	Median field a large, heart-shaped area, spermathecae huge (Figs 147–148)    Selenops souliga sp. n.
–		Median field otherwise    71
71	(70)	Genital openings located behind sinuous medial margin (Figs 151–152)    Selenops bani
–		Genital openings located elsewhere    72
72	(71)	Lateral lobes distinct, not touching medially, spermathecae small and round (Figs 39–40)    Selenops minutus
–		Lateral lobes indistinct, median area pinched anteriorly to posteriorly, spermathecae large (Figs 47–48)    Selenops scitus
73	(69)	Median field quadrangular, epigynal pockets absent (Figs 35)    Selenops marginalis
–		Median field otherwise    74
74	(73)	Posterodorsal fold completely covers spermathecae (Fig. 124)    Selenops marcanoi
–		Posterodorsal fold not as extensive    75
75	(74)	Spermathecae ovoid, sperm ducts coiling twice (Fig. 90)    Selenops lindborgi
–		Spermathecae and sperm ducts otherwise    76
76	(75)	Genital openings located along the margins of a median depression (Figs 9, 99)    77
–		Genital openings located beneath a straight to sinuous medial margin (Figs 103, 137, 165)    81
77	(76)	Median depression round to quadrangular, anterior to small epigynal pockets (Fig. 99)    Selenops candidus
–		Median depression otherwise    78
78	(77)	Median depression extending to nearly lateral margins of epigynal plate, lateral lobes come together medially, then curve outwards laterally (Figs 9–10)    Selenops geraldinae
–		Median depression not extending to lateral margins of epigynal plate    79
79	(78)	Posterior margin of median field sinuous, internal ducts coiled (Figs 173–174)    Selenops submaculosus
–		Posterior margin of median field smooth, median field u-shaped    80
80	(79)	Lateral lobes distinct, internal ducts strongly sclerotized, small round spermathecae located laterally (Figs 157–158)    Selenops enriquillo sp. n.
–		Lateral lobes indistinct, internal ducts strongly coiled (Figs 171–172)    Selenops simius
81	(76)	Median margin extending to lateral margins of epigynal plate (Figs 165–166)    Selenops morro sp. n.
–		Median margin not extending to lateral margins of epigynal plate    82
82	(81)	Median margin sinuous, lateral lobes fused in center of plate giving a pinched appearance to the openings and median margin (Figs 103–104)    Selenops wilmotorum sp. n.
–		Median margin angular to straight, lateral lobes indistinct    83
83	(82)	Median margin nearly straight, ducts not touching anteriorly, posterodorsal fold small (Figs 137–138)    Selenops guerrero sp. n.
–		Median margin angular, ducts touching anteriorly, posterodorsal fold large, centrally nearly half the length of the epigynal plate (Figs 139–140)    Selenops baweka sp. n.

Survey of species Species are arranged by molecular phylogenetic similarity (see Crews and Gillespie 2010) or, for those species in which genetic data was not available, by similarities in the genitalic characteristics.

Taxon Treatment

• Crews, S; 2011: A revision of the spider genus Selenops Latreille, 1819 (Arachnida, Araneae, Selenopidae) in North America, Central America and the Caribbean ZooKeys, 105: 1-182. doi

Images

Figures 1–6. Copulatory organs of Selenops arikok sp. n. female holotype from Arikok National Park, Aruba (EME sel_068) 1–2 Selenops curazao Alayón-García male holotype from CarMaBI, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles (MCZ) 3–4 female paratype from Piscadera Baai building, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles (MCZ) 5–6, 1, 5 epigyne, ventral view 2, 6 spermathecae, dorsal view 3 male pedipalp, ventral view 4 male pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.40 mm (1–2), 0.30 mm (3–6). Abbreviations: S = septum, MF = median field, EP = epigynal pockets, FD = fertilization duct, SP = spermathecae, PF = posterodorsal fold, C = conductor, CY = cymbium, MA = median apophysis, E = embolus, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis, VRTA = ventral retrolateral tibial apophysis, DRTA = dorsal retrolateral tibial apophysis.  Figures 7–14. Copulatory organs ofSelenops geraldinae Corronca male from Gaspar Grande Island, Trinidad and Tobago (EME sel_224) 7–8 female from Gaspar Grande Island, Trinidad and Tobago (EME sel_225) 9–10 Selenops willinki Corronca male from Little Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (EME sel_251) 11–12 female from Little Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago (EME sel_236) 13–14, 7, 11 male pedipalp, ventral view 8, 12 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 9, 13 epigyne, ventral view 10, 14 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.45 mm (7–8), 0.35 mm (9–10, 13–14), 0.50 mm (11–12).  Figures 15–20. Copulatory organs of Selenops banksi Muma male from Barro Colorado Island, Panamá (MCZ) 15–16 Selenops micropalpus Muma holotype male from Laudat, Dominica (AMNH) 17–18 female from Laudat, Dominica (AMNH) 19–20, 15, 17 male pedipalp, ventral view 16, 18 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 19 epigyne, ventral view 20 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.60 mm (15–18), 0.45 mm (19–20).  Figures 21–28. Copulatory organs of Selenops gracilis Muma holotype male from Ayotzinapa, Guerrero, México (AMNH) 21–22 female from Taxco, México (AMNH) 23–24 Selenops malinalxochitl sp. n. holotype female from Zapotitlan de las Salinas, Puebla, México (CNAN sel_1005) 25–26 Selenops mexicanus Keyserling male from Totogalpa, Alcadia Ocotal, Departmiento Madríz,Nicaragua (EME sel_934) 27–28, 21, 27 male pedipalp, ventral view 22, 28 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 23, 25 epigyne, ventral view 24, 26 spermathecae dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.90 mm (21–22), 0.50 mm (23–26).  Figures 29–36. Copulatory organs of Selenops mexicanus Keyserling lectotype female from México (BMNH) 29–30 Selenops abyssus Muma, female holotype from Tizapan, Jalisco, México (AMNH) 31–32 Selenops marginalis F.O.Pickard-Cambridge lectotype male from Omilteme, Guerrero, México (BMNH) 33–34 paralectotype female Omilteme, Guerrero, México (BMNH) 35–36, 29, 31, 35 epigyne, ventral view 30, 32, 36 spermathecae, dorsal view 33 left pedipalp, ventral view 34 left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (29–30, 33–36), 0.40 mm (31–32).  Figures 37–44. Copulatory organs of Selenops minutus F.O.Pickard-Cambridge holotype male from Guatemala (BMNH) 37–38 paratype female from Guatemala (BMNH) 39–40 Selenops morosus Banks, lectotype male from Tepic, México (MCZ) 41–42 Selenops nigromaculatus Keyserling holotype male from México (BMNH) 43–44, 37, 41, 43 left pedipalp, ventral view 38, 42, 44 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 39 epigyne, ventral view 40 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 45–52. Copulatory organs of Selenops makimaki sp. n. holotype female from 21 km west of Rizo de Oro, along ridge, southeast of Cerro El Bejucal, near Chiapas border, Oaxaca, México (CAS) 45–46 Selenops scitus Muma holotype female from Mexcala, Guerrero, México (AMNH) 47–48 male from 22 miles west of Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca, México (CAS) 49–50, Selenops ixchel sp. n. holotype female from Cozumel, Quintana Roo, México (CAS) 51–52, 45, 47, 51 epigyne, ventral view 46, 48, 52 spermathecae, dorsal view 49 left pedipalp, ventral view 50 left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 53–60. Copulatory organs of Selenops actophilus Chamberlin holotype male from San Carlos Bay, Sonora, México (CAS) 53–54 female CAS 1436 from San Pedro Bay, Sonora, México (CAS) 55–56 Selenops debilis Banks neotype female from San Jose del Cabo, México (MCZ) 57–58 male from Oro Blanco Mountains,12 miles from Nogales, Arizona (AMNH) 59–60, 53, 59 left pedipalp, ventral view 54, 60 left pedipalp, retrolateral view, 55, 57 epigyne, ventral view 56, 58 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 61–68. Copulatory organs of Selenops nesophilus Chamberlin holotype male from Isla Tortuga, Baja California Sur, México (CAS) 61–62 female from Isla Tortuga, Baja California Sur, México (CAS) 63–64 Selenops debilis group showing some of the internal variation found in various specimens. Female from Portal, Cochise Co., Arizona (AMNH) 65 females from Guadelupe Canyon, Cochise Co., Arizona (AMNH) 66–67 female from 1 mile west of Lajitas, Brewster Co., Texas (AMNH) 68, 61 left pedipalp, ventral view 62 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 63 epigyne, ventral view 64–67 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 69–76. Copulatory organs of Selenops lepidus Muma holotype male from Manzanillo, Colima, México (AMNH) 69–70 female from San Blas, Nayarit, México (AMNH) 71–72 Selenops chamela sp. n. holotype female from Chamela, Jalisco, México (AMNH) 73–74 Selenops petenajtoy sp. n. holotype male from Cueva Aktun Kan, Colonia del Bosque, Santa Elena de la Cruz, Petén, Guatemala (EME sel_867) 75–76, 69, 75 left pedipalp, ventral view 70, 76 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 71, 73 epigyne, ventral view 72, 74 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 77–84. Copulatory organs of Selenops huetocatl sp. n. holotype female from Las Golondrinas, Huixtla, Chiapas, México (CNAN sel_045) 77–78 Selenops bifurcatus Banks male from Oricuajo, Costa Rica (MCZ) 79–80 female (holotype of Selenops salvadoranus) from San Salvador, El Salvador (MCZ) 81–82 Selenops buscki Muma of holotype female from Taboga Island, Panamá (USNM) 83–84, 77, 81, 83 epigyne, ventral view 78, 82, 84 spermathecae, dorsal view 79 left pedipalp, ventral view 80 left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 85–92. Copulatory organs of Selenops oricuajo sp. n. female from Oricuajo, Costa Rica (MCZ) 85–86 Selenops amona sp. n. holotype female from Bajura Empalme, Isla Mona (EME sel_847) 87–88 Selenops lindborgi Petrunkevitch holotype female from Santa Maria Bay, St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands (MCZ) 89–90 male from Christianstead, St Croix, United States Virgin Islands (MCZ) 91–92, 85, 87, 89 epigyne, ventral view 86, 88, 90 spermathecae, dorsal view 91 left pedipalp, ventral view 92 left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm (85–86, 89–92), 0.30 mm (87–88).  Figures 93–100. Copulatory organs of Selenops aissus Walckenaer female from Ensenada de Cochina, Cuba (MCZ) 93–94 male from Spanish Wells, Eleuthera, Bahamas (USNM) 95–96 Selenops candidus Muma male from Jamaica (MCZ) 97–98 female from Jamaica (holotype of Selenops lunatus) (MCZ) 99–100, 93, 99 epigyne, ventral view 94, 100 spermathecae, dorsal view 95, 97 left pedipalp, ventral view 96, 98 left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 101–108. Copulatory organs of Selenops petrunkevitchi Alayón-García female from Whitfield Hall, Blue Mountains, Jamaica (IJNHM sel_368) 101–102 Selenops wilmotorum sp. n. holotype female from Hellshire Hills, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica (EME sel_383) 103–104 male from Hellshire Hills, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica (EME sel_384) (105–106), Selenops wilsoni sp. n. holotype female from South of Spanish Town, Hellshire Hills, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica (CAS) 107–108, 101, 103, 107 epigyne, ventral view 102, 104, 108 spermathecae, dorsal view 105 left pedipalp, ventral view 106 left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.25 mm (101–102), 0.50 mm (103–108).  Figures 109–115. Copulatory organs of Selenops wilsoni sp. n. male from South of Spanish Town, Hellshire Hills, St. Catherine Parish, Jamaica (CAS) 109–110 Scans of Selenops beynai Schawaller holotype male from Dominican amber (SMNHS) 111–115, 109, 114 left pedipalp, ventral view 110, 115 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 111 features of the carapace, mouthparts and right pedipalp 112 right palpal bulb, rotated horizontally for consistency, ventral view. Although not perfectly preserved, several features are still apparent 113 right pedipalp, rotated for consistency, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm. Abbreviations: Cl = clypeus, Ch = chelicerae, PME = posterior median eyes, fe = femur, pt = patella, ti = tibia, cy = cymbium, c = conductor, ma = median apophysis, rta = retrolateral tibial apophysis, e = embolus.  Figures 116–120. Selenops beynai Schawaller holotype male from Dominican amber (SMNHS) 116–118 copulatory organs of Selenops insularis Keyserling holotype female from Puerto Rico (MCZ) 119–120, 116 specimen in amber 117 scan of habitus, dorsal view 118 scan of habitus, ventral view 119 epigyne, ventral view 120 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm. Abbreviations: p = pedipalp, PLE = posterior retrolateral eyes, f = fovea, sp = spinnerets, dfs = dorsal femoral sockets, st = sternum.  Figures 121–128. Copulatory organs of Selenops insularis Keyserling male from St. Cyr, Jacmel, Haiti (CAS sel_657) 121–122 Selenops marcanoi Alayón-García female from El Banano, Rio Mulito, Pedernales, Dominican Republic (EME sel_151) 123–124 male from El Banano, Rio Mulito, Pedernales, Dominican Republic (EME sel_152) 125–126 Selenops bocacanadensis sp. n. holotype female from kilometer 13 along Carretera ALCOA, Pedernales, Dominican Republic (EME sel_166) 127–128, 121, 125 left pedipalp, ventral view 122, 126 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 123, 127 epigyne, ventral view 124, 128 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 129–136. Copulatory organs of Selenops oviedo sp. n. holotype female from El Cajuil, Laguna Oviedo, Pedernales, Dominican Republic (EME sel_623) 129–130 Selenops trifidus Bryant holotype male from Navassa Island (MCZ-B0045) 131–132 Selenops duan sp. n. holotype female from Cañada Miguel, Comendador, Elias Piña, Dominican Republic (MNHNSD, A-515) 133–134 Selenops denia sp. n. holotype male from Mata Grande, Santiago, Dominican Republic (EME sel_641) 135–136, 129, 133, 135 epigyne, ventral view 130, 134, 136 spermathecae, dorsal view 131 left pedipalp, ventral view 132 left pedipalp, retrolateral view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 137–144. Copulatory organs of Selenops guerrero sp. n. holotype female from entrance to Loma de Isabel, Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic (EME sel_606) 137–138 Selenops baweka sp. n. holotype female from Garden Pond Field Road, Middle Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands (EME sel_678) 139–140 male from Wade's Green Plantation, North Caicos, Turks and Caicos Islands (EME sel_675) 141–142 Selenops kalinago sp. n. holotype female from East of Veranda Resort, Indian Town, Antigua (EME sel_753) 143–144, 137, 139, 143 epigyne, ventral view 138, 140, 144 spermathecae, dorsal view 141 left pedipalp, ventral view 142 left pedipalp, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 145–152. Copulatory organs of Selenops kalinago sp. n. male from north side of Silver Hills, Montserrat (EME sel_772) 145–146 Selenops souliga sp. n. holotype female from Emilio Wilson Estate, St. Maarten (EME sel_711) 147–148 allotype male from southeast side of island, trail from Back Bay to Geneve Bay, St. Maarten (EME sel_119) 149–150 Selenops bani Alayón-García female from Lago Enriquillo, El Azufrada, La Descubierta, Independencia, Dominican Republic (EME sel_190) 151–152, 145, 149 left pedipalp, ventral view, 146, 150 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 147, 151 epigyne, ventral view 148, 152 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 153–160. Copulatory organs of Selenops bani Alayón-García male from Lago Enriquillo, El Azufrada, La Descubierta, Independencia, Dominican Republic (EME sel_188) 153–154 Selenops pensilis Muma holotype female from Grand'Anse, Haiti (MCZ) 155–156 Selenops enriquillo sp. n. holotype female from El Azufrada, La Descubierta, Lago Enriquillo, Prov. Independencia, Dominican Republic (EME sel_182) 157–158 male from Isla Cabrito, Lago Enriquillo, Dominican Republic (MNHNSD) 159–160, 153, 159 left pedipalp, ventral view 154, 160 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 155, 157 epigyne, ventral view 156, 158 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 161–168. Copulatory organs of Selenops phaselus Muma holotype male from Kenskoff, Haiti (MCZ) 161–162 female from 26 km north of Cabo Rojo, Sierra de Baoruco, Pedernales, Dominican Republic (EME sel_159) (163–164 Selenops morro sp. n. holotype female from El Morro, Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic (EME sel_614) 165–166 male from El Morro, Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic (EME sel_582) 167–168, 161, 167 left pedipalp, ventral view 162, 168 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 163, 165 epigyne, ventral view 164, 166 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 169–176. Copulatory organs of Selenops simius Muma male holotype from Bimini Island, Bahamas (AMNH) 169–170 female from Bimini Island, Bahamas (AMNH) 171–172 Selenops submaculosus Bryant female holotype from Sierra de Casas, Isla de Piños, Cuba (MCZ) 173–174 male from Soledad, Cuba (MCZ) 175–176, 169, 175 left pedipalp, ventral view 170–176 left pedipalp, retrolateral view 171, 173 epigyne, ventral view 172, 174 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.50 mm.  Figures 177–182. Habitats and natural history of some Selenops species. 177 Selenops arikok sp. n. from Aruba guarding egg sac with several spiderlings inside 178 Selenops geraldinae Corronca eating a fly and guarding her egg sac on a bromeliad, Gaspar Grande Island, Trinidad and Tobago 179 Selenops willinki Corronca on a tree trunk, Little Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago. Terminal setal tufts and festoon pattern are visible 180 Selenops micropalpus Muma on the trunk of Bursera simaruba, in a dry forest, St. Lucia. Terminal setal tufts and festoon pattern are visible 181 Selenops mexicanus Keyserling on a large tree trunk outside of Cueva Actun Kan, Guatemala. Note the alternating light and dark leg annulations 182 Egg sacs of Selenops bifurcatus Banks on rocks in a wash in dry forest and thornscrub, Zacatan, Guatemala. Selenops bifurcatus sometimes guards the yellowish egg sacs, and other times does not.  Figures 183–188. Habitats and natural history of some Selenops species 183 Selenops bifurcatus Banks on a rock, Zacatan, Guatemala. Note the dorsoventrally flattened habitus 184 Selenops bifurcatus Banks showing the very large PLE 185 Selenops lindborgi Petrunkevitch adult male on Bursera simaruba St. John, United States Virgin Islands. Note the leg annulations 186 Selenops lindborgi Petrunkevitch adult female making several egg sacs under the bark of a tamarind tree, Nevis. Selenops lindborgi makes several egg sacs and does not guard the egg sac, unlike most other species of Selenops 187 Selenops petrunkevitchi Alayón-García on a eucalyptus tree, Whitfield Hall, Blue Mountains, Jamaica. Note the striped legs and the festoon pattern at the terminus of the abdomen 188 The egg sac of Selenops wilmotorum sp. n. from Hellshire Hills, Jamaica. The egg sac contained a few yellow dried out eggs and a pseudoscorpion.  Figures 189–194. Habitats and natural history of some Selenops species. 189 Selenops insularis Keyserling, Laguna Kiani, Vieques, Puerto Rico 190 Selenops baweka sp. n. adult male on the trunk of a tamarind tree, Turtle Cove, Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands 191 Selenops kalinago sp. n. on tree trunk, Silver Hills, Montserrat. Note striped legs and how the legs darken distally 192 Selenops souliga sp. n., Back Bay, St. Maarten, between the leaves of a plant 193 Selenops souliga sp. n. adult female guarding her flat white egg sac inside of a folded palm frond, Anguilla 194 Selenops simius Muma, on a limestone rock at night, Cayman Brac, Cayman Islands.