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Typhochlaena seladonia

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This page should be cited as follows (rationale):
Bertani R (2012) Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae). ZooKeys 230 : 1–94, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2012-10-23, version 27949, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Typhochlaena_seladonia&oldid=27949 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Araneae
Familia: Theraphosidae
Genus: Typhochlaena

Name

Typhochlaena seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841 comb. restored – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Diagnosis

Males differ from those of other species by the very long male palpal bulb embolus (Figs 1–3). The females differ by the long and slender spermathecae, spiraled distally (Figs 4–5). Additionally, males and females have cephalothorax metallic green and abdomen dorsum black with two series of six spots, the most anterior pair reddish, other yellowish (Fig. 22).

Types

Holotype female of Mygale seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841 [dry, pinned] from Brazil, State of Bahia, Gomez, deposited at Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (ZMB 2033), not examined, too brittle for mail.

Additional material examined

Brazil: Sergipe: Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Mata do Crasto (11°23'S, 37°24'W) 1 immature male, A. D. Brescovit, 6 December 1996 (IBSP 115372); Bahia: Camaçari, Jacuipe [12°42'S, 38°07'W], 1 male, 1 female exuvium, T. Brazil ded., August 1980 (IBSP 4551); Salvador, Alphaville [12°56'S, 38°21'W], 1 female, G. G. Montingelli, 11 December 2001 (IBSP 109718).

Redescription

Male (IBSP 4551). Carapace 4.6 long, 4.9 wide, chelicerae 2.4. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 5.6, 2.7, 4.0, 3.6, 2.0, 17.9. II: 5.5, 2.6, 3.7, 3.3, 1.7, 16.8. III: 4.7, 2.3, 3.4, 3.3, 1.7, 15.4. IV: 5.8, 2.4, 4.6, 4.6, 1.8, 19.2. Palp: 3.7, 2.0, 2.6, –, 0.9, 9.2. Mid-widths (lateral): femora I –IV = 1.1, 1.2, 1.2, 1.0, palp=0.8; patellae I–IV = 1.0, 1.1, 1.0, 1.0, palp = 1.0; tibiae I–IV = 0.9, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8, palp = 1.0; metatarsi I–IV = 0.7, 0.7, 0.6, 0.6; tarsi I–IV = 0.7, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, palp = 0.9. Abdomen 5.2 long, 3.6 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.6 long, 0.3 wide, 0.1 apart; PLS, 0.9 basal, 0.4 middle, 0.6 domed distal; mid-widths (lateral), 0.6, 0.4, 0.3, respectively. Carapace: length to width 0.94. Fovea 0.8 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.1 high, length 0.6, width 1.3. Clypeus 0.3. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.3, ALE 0.3, PME 0.1, PLE 0.2, AME–AME 0.2, AME–ALE 0.1, AME–PME 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.9, ALE–PME 0.2, PME–PME 0.7, PME–PLE 0.08, PLE–PLE 1.0, ALE–PLE 0.1, AME–PLE 0.2. Ratio of eye group width to length 2.54. Maxillae: length to width: 2.0. Cuspules: 46 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 0.6 long, 0.9 wide, with 58 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on the anterior half. Labio-sternal groove shallow, flat, sigilla not evident. Chelicerae: basal segments with seven teeth, the two more distal closely positioned, others spaced by at least one diameter from each other. Sternum: 2.1 long, 2.2 wide (Fig. 20). Legs: leg formula: IV I II III. Scopula: tarsi I–IV fully scopulate, IV divided by a four setae wide row. Metatarsi I–II fully scopulate; III 1/2 distal scopulate; IV 1/4 distal scopulate. IV divided by three wide row of setae. Spines absent on all legs and palps. Urticating hairs: type II (0.25 long, 0.01 wide) on the abdomen dorsum. Palp: embolus 2.4 in length, with a 60° curvature to the retrolateral side. Embolus basal, middle and distal width of 0.1, 0.07 and 0.03, respectively. Tegulum 0.6 long. (Figs 1–3). Cymbium: spiniform process lacking. Color pattern: carapace and chelicerae covered with metallic green setae, and pale yellow setae on both margins. Legs, palps, labium and sternum metallic green. Longitudinal stripes on femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi inconspicuous. Distal femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi rings very discrete, whitish. Abdomen dorsum black with two series of six spots. Most anterior pair reddish, other yellowish. Abdomen laterally and venter metallic green (Fig. 22).

Redescription

Female (IBSP 109718) Carapace 5.4 long, 5.2 wide, chelicerae 2.5. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 4.2, 2.5, 2.5, 2.0, 1.7, 12.9. II: 3.7, 2.2, 2.4, 1.8, 1.7, 11.8. III: 3.5, 2.1, 2.1, 2.1, 1.4, 11.2. IV: 4.4, 2.1, 2.9, 2.7, 1.3, 13.4. Palp: 3.0, 1.9, 2.0, –, 2.3, 9.2. Mid-widths (lateral): femora I –IV = 1.1, 1.2, 1.2, 1.0, palp = 1.0; patellae I–IV = 1.3, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, palp = 0.9; tibiae I–IV = 1.2, 1.2, 1.1, 1.0, palp = 1.0; metatarsi I–IV = 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, 0.8; tarsi I–IV = 1.0, 1.0, 0.8, 0.8, palp = 1.0. Abdomen 6.0 long, 4.0 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.9 long, 0.3 wide, 0.1 apart; PLS, 0.7 basal, 0.3 middle, 0.3 domed distal; mid-widths (lateral), 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, respectively. Carapace: length to width 1.03. Fovea 0.8 wide. Eyes: tubercle 0.02 high, 0.7 long, 1.4 wide. Clypeus 0.3. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.3, ALE 0.3, PME 0.1, PLE 0.2, AME–AME 0.1, AME–ALE 0.1, AME–PME 0.08, ALE–ALE 0.9, ALE–PME 0.2, PME–PME 0.8, PME–PLE 0.04, PLE–PLE 1.0, ALE–PLE 0.1, AME–PLE 0.2. Ratio of eye group width to length 2.72. Other characters as in male, except: maxillae: length to width: 1.6. Cuspules: ca. 50 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 0.8 long, 1.1 wide, with ca. 87 cuspules. Sternum: 2.3 long, 2.5 wide. Scopula: tarsi I–II fully scopulate, III with some sparse setae along its center, IV divided by a four setae row. Metatarsi I–II fully scopulate; III 1/2 distal scopulate; IV 1/5 distal scopulate. IV divided by three wide row of setae. Spines: metatarsi III and IV with two ventro-apical spines. Urticating hairs type II (0.43 to 0.48 long, 0.015 wide) on the abdomen dorsum. Genitalia: paired long, slender, curved, weakly sclerotized spermathecae spiraled distally.

Remarks

Almeida-Silva et al. (2008)[9] redescribed the female of Iridopelma seladonium (C. L. Koch, 1841) after examining photographs of the recently rediscovered holotype of Mygale seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841. They presented photographs of the holotype and an illustration displaying non-spiraled spermathecae from a fresh specimen from state of Bahia, Brazil. A female exuvium examined by myself in this work showed spermathecae with two folds (Fig. 4) and a dissected female showed a single fold spermathecae (Fig. 5). Spermathecae of exuvium could have been modified by the moulting process or by preservation conditions, but the dissected specimen is well preserved. The fold is not easily seen and possibly it was overlooked by Almeida-Silva et al. (2008)[9]. The unavailability of additional specimens prevented me from investigating this question more thoroughly.

Distribution

Brazil, state of Sergipe and northeastern Bahia (Fig. 28).

Natural history

One female was found under loose tree bark in Santa Luzia do Itanhy SE (September 1999). Fig. 23. Two females were found in a similar retreat in nature, in Bahia, and one specimen built a retreat with small pieces of tree bark in captivity (Almeida-Silva et al. 2008[9]).

Taxon Treatment

  • Bertani, R; 2012: Revision, cladistic analysis and biogeography of Typhochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850, Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 and Iridopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) ZooKeys, 230: 1-94. doi

Other References

  1. Jump up ↑ Koch C (1841) Die Arachniden. Nürnberg, Achter Band, pp. 41–131, Neunter Band, pp. 1–56.
  2. Jump up ↑ Koch C (1850) Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Nürnberg, Heft 5, 1–77.
  3. Jump up ↑ Mello-Leitão C (1923) Theraphosoideas do Brasil. Revista do Museu Paulista 13: 1-438.
  4. Jump up ↑ Simon E (1892) Histoire naturelle des araignées. Paris, 1: 1-256. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.51973
  5. Jump up ↑ Petrunkevitch A (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History 29: 1–791. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/1135 doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.23819
  6. Jump up ↑ Roewer C (1942) Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. Bremen, 1: 1-1040.
  7. Jump up ↑ Smith A (1993) Taxonomy focus. Journal of the British Tarantula Society 9: 13-18.
  8. Jump up ↑ Platnick N (2012) The world spider catalog version 12.5. American Museum of Natural History. Available from: http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog , doi: 10.5531/db.iz.0001 [accessed June 2012].
  9. ↑ Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 9.2 Almeida-Silva L, Camacho A, Brescovit A, Lucas S, Brazil T (2008) Redescription and notes on the natural history of the arboreal tarantula Iridopelma seladonium (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25: 728–736. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0101-81752008000400019&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=pt , doi: 10.1590/S0101-81752008000400019

Images

Figures 1–7. 1–5 Typhochlaena seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841 1–3 male (IBSP 4551) left palpal bulb 1 prolateral 2 retrolateral 3 frontal 4–5 females, spermathecae 4 exuvium (IBSP 4551) 5 female (IBSP 109718) 6 Typhochlaena curumin sp. n. holotype female (IBSP 8701) spermathecae 7 Typhochlaena paschoali sp. n., paratype female (MNRJ 12928), spermathecae. Scale bar = 1mm.
Figures 1–7. 1–5 Typhochlaena seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841 1–3 male (IBSP 4551) left palpal bulb 1 prolateral 2 retrolateral 3 frontal 4–5 females, spermathecae 4 exuvium (IBSP 4551) 5 female (IBSP 109718) 6 Typhochlaena curumin sp. n. holotype female (IBSP 8701) spermathecae 7 Typhochlaena paschoali sp. n., paratype female (MNRJ 12928), spermathecae. Scale bar = 1mm. 
Figures 16–21. Typhochlaena seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841, female (IBSP 109718) 16 carapace and abdomen, lateral 17 abdomen, dorsal 18 eye tubercle, lateral 19 eye tubercle, dorsal 20 labium and sternum 21 spinnerets, ventral. Scale bar = 1mm.
Figures 16–21. Typhochlaena seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841, female (IBSP 109718) 16 carapace and abdomen, lateral 17 abdomen, dorsal 18 eye tubercle, lateral 19 eye tubercle, dorsal 20 labium and sternum 21 spinnerets, ventral. Scale bar = 1mm. 
Figures 22–27. 22–23 Typhochlaena seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841, habitus 22 female, Santa Luzia do Itanhy, state of Sergipe 23 immature inside its retreat in tree bark, same locality 24 Typhochlaena amma sp. n., female, Santa Teresa, state of Espirito Santo 25 Typhochlaena costae sp. n., female, Palmas, state of Tocantins 26 Typhochlena curumim sp. n., female, Areia, state of Paraiba 27 Typhochlaena paschoali sp. n., preserved female, Camacam, state of Bahia (holotype MNRJ 13723). Photos: R. Bertani.
Figures 22–27. 22–23 Typhochlaena seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841, habitus 22 female, Santa Luzia do Itanhy, state of Sergipe 23 immature inside its retreat in tree bark, same locality 24 Typhochlaena amma sp. n., female, Santa Teresa, state of Espirito Santo 25 Typhochlaena costae sp. n., female, Palmas, state of Tocantins 26 Typhochlena curumim sp. n., female, Areia, state of Paraiba 27 Typhochlaena paschoali sp. n., preserved female, Camacam, state of Bahia (holotype MNRJ 13723). Photos: R. Bertani. 
Figure 28. Map showing records of Typhochlaena species in Northestern, Central western and Southeastern Brazil. Star = Typhochlaena seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841, square = Typhochlaena costae sp. n., diamond = Typhochlaena curumim sp. n., triangle = Typhochlaena paschoali sp. n., circle = Typhochlaena amma sp. n. The gray area represents the approximate original distribution of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. White area represents open environment (cerrado and caatinga).
Figure 28. Map showing records of Typhochlaena species in Northestern, Central western and Southeastern Brazil. Star = Typhochlaena seladonia C. L. Koch, 1841, square = Typhochlaena costae sp. n., diamond = Typhochlaena curumim sp. n., triangle = Typhochlaena paschoali sp. n., circle = Typhochlaena amma sp. n. The gray area represents the approximate original distribution of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. White area represents open environment (cerrado and caatinga). 
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