Liturgusa

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Svenson G (2014) Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini). ZooKeys 390 : 1–214, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42708, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Liturgusa&oldid=42708 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Svenson2014ZooKeys390,
author = {Svenson, Gavin J.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)},
year = {2014},
volume = {390},
issue = {},
pages = {1--214},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.390.6661},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/6661/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42708, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Liturgusa&oldid=42708 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)
A1 - Svenson G
Y1 - 2014
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 390
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.390.6661
SP - 1
EP - 214
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42708, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Liturgusa&oldid=42708 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.390.6661

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Svenson2014ZooKeys390">{{Citation
| author = Svenson G
| title = Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2014
| volume = 390
| issue =
| pages = 1--214
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.390.6661
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/6661/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-12

}} Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42708, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Liturgusa&oldid=42708 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Mantodea
Familia: Liturgusidae

Name

Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

  • Liturgousa: Saussure 1869[1]: 55, 62; Brauer 1870[2]: 92; Saussure 1870[3]: 225; Brauer 1871[4]: 189; Saussure 1871a[5]: 29, 51, 205; Saussure 1871b[6]: 100; Saussure 1872a[7]: 20, 53, 156; Saussure 1872b[8]: 259; Stål 1877[9]: 50; Westwood 1889[10]: 4, 30; Brunner de Wattenwyl 1893[11]: 63, 225; Saussure and Zehntner 1894[12]: 129, 159; Saussure and Zehntner 1895[13]: vii, 155, 157; Badenoch 1899[14]: 39; Scudder 1901[15]: 159, 407, 419; Waterhouse 1902[16]: 202; Rehn 1903[17]: 6; Kirby 1904[18]: 271; Bruner 1906[19]: 143; Werner 1906[20]: 372; Werner 1908[21]: 39; Werner 1909[22]: 77–78; Chopard 1911[23]: 323; Carl 1914[24]: 148; Chopard 1916[25]: 164; Werner 1916[26]: 257, 274; Caudell 1918[27]: 5; Hebard 1919a[28]: 31; Hebard 1919b[29]: 134; Hebard 1924[30]: 131; Giglio-Tos 1927[31]: 292 (“err. transscript.”), 699; Hebard 1929[32]: 399; Hebard 1932[33]: 211; Hebard 1933[34]: 29; Rehn 1935[35]: 172, 198–199, 201, 203–204, pl. 8, Figs 4–5; Hesse 1937[36]: 108, 578; Tinkham 1937[37]: 490–491; Neave 1939[38]: 978; Hughes-Schrader 1943[39]: 266, 280, 282–283, 290, 294, 296–297, Table 1, Figs 19–28; Hughes-Schrader 1948[40]: 267; Rehn 1950[41]: 369, 377; Hughes-Schrader 1950[42]: 10–11, 13–14, 27, 38–39, 44–45, Table 1, Figs 9–11; Hughes-Schrader 1951[43]: 178–181, 183–184, 186–187, Table 1–2, Figs 1–3; Beebe et al. 1952[44]: 245–247, Fig. 2; Crane 1952[45]: 259, 264, Figs 2, 3; Hughes-Schrader 1953[46]: 544–554; Rehn 1954[47]: 177, 179; Schrader and Hughes-Schrader 1956[48]: 493–494, 496; Callan and Jacobs 1957[49]: 201; Krombein 1963[50]: 2; Henderson 1965[51]: 206, 215; White 1965[52]: 542; Marshall 1975[53]: 318; Otte 1978[54]: 76; Terra 1995[55]: 53–54 (error); Cerdá 1996[56]: 75–76, Fig. 1; Jantsch 1999[57]: 47 (error transcript); Ehrmann 2002[58]: 206 (Liturgousa err. descr.); Otte and Spearman 2005[59]: 132, 481 (syn); Agudelo et al. 2007[60]: 141 (syn); Roy and Cuche 2008[61]: 8, 14, 21.
  • Liturgusa: Stål 1877[9]: 3, 40; Gerstaecker 1889[62]: 52–54 (idem); Bertkau 1889[63]: 87; Giglio-Tos 1914[64]: 77; Giglio-Tos 1916[65]: 154; Giglio-Tos 1917[66]: 64, 83; Carus 1921[67]: 317; Hebard 1922[68]: 337; Apolinar M. 1924: 47; Giglio-Tos 1927[31]: 292; Beier 1931[69]: 14; Brues and Melander 1932[70]: 89, 644; Beier 1935[71]: 6, 11; Rehn 1935[35]: 198, 201, 204; Apolinar M. 1937[72]: 226; La Greca 1939[73]: 2, Fig. 1; Neave 1939[38]: 978; Brues et al. 1954[74]: 89, 878; Beier 1964[75]: 943; Weidner 1964[76]: 143; Beier 1968[77]: 8, 14, 32; Marshall 1975[53]: 322; Bazyluk 1977[78]: 133, 169; Passerin d‘Entrèves 1981[79]: 61; Piza 1982[80]: 94; Terra 1995[55]: 53–54, Figs 85–87; Salazar E. 1998[81]: 105, Fig. 4; Edmunds and Brunner 1999[82]: 282; Jantsch 1999[57]: 19, 24, 30–31, 33, 35, 39, 47, Tables 4–6; Roy 1999[83]: 30; Salazar E. 1999[84]: 10; Maes and Roy 2000[85]: 61; Salazar E. 2000[86]: 67; Lombardo and Agabiti 2001[87]: 90, 96–97; Salazar E. 2002[88]: 121, 124; Ehrmann 2002[58]: 26, 33, 206, 375; Agudelo and Chica 2002[89]: 7, 20, 30, 36, 62, Fig. 8b; Agudelo and Chica 2003[90]: 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, Tables 1, 3, Figs 1, 3, 7; Agudelo 2004[91]: 44, 55, Table 3.1; Salazar E. 2004[92]: 211, 213; Agudelo 2005[93]: 3; Otte and Spearman 2005[59]: 132, 481; Agudelo et al. 2007[60]: 109, 116, 141; Medellín et al. 2007[94]: 151; Roy and Cuche 2008[61]: 8, 14, 21 (emendation by Stål); Yager and Svenson 2008[95]: 556, 565; Wieland 2008[96]: 158; Svenson and Whiting 2009[97]: 503, Appendix S1; Wieland 2013[98]: 22, 57, 87, 89, 130, 154, 158, 176, Figs 2, 4A, 20–21; Svenson in press[99].
  • Hagiomantis (partim): Kirby 1904[18]: 271.
  • Liturguda: Jantsch 1991[100]: 125.

Type species

Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869 (Designation by Kirby 1904[18]: 271).

Taxonomic history

Spelling of genus. Two spellings of the genus name are present in the literature. The first is Liturgousa, established by Henri de Saussure in 1869 to include two species, Mantis annulipes Audinet Serville, 1838 and his newly described Liturgousa cayennensis Saussure, 1869. The second is Liturgusa, introduced by Carl Stål in 1877 while attributing the name to the original author, Saussure (1869)[1]. The name is derived from the Greek Liturgus (feminine form Liturga), meaning “celebrator of liturgy”, which indicates that Saussure’s original spelling of Liturgousa may have been a mistake, but under Article 32.5.1 of the ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 4th edition) “incorrect transliteration or latinization, or use of an inappropriate connecting vowel, are not to be considered inadvertent errors” and thus is not demonstrably incorrect under Article 32.5 and stands as the correct original spelling under Article 32.2. The subsequent spelling of Liturgusa proposed by Stål appears to be an emendation, but since this emendation is applied to a correct original spelling and he also did not include a justification for his subsequent spelling (Art. 33.2.1), it is considered as an unjustified emendation under Article 33.2.3 of the Code. Under Article 33.2.3.1 the unjustified emendation (Liturgusa) becomes justified when it is in prevailing usage and is attributed to the original author and date. A comprehensive nomenclatural note pertaining to the spelling issue of Liturgusa has established such prevailing usage (Svenson in press[99]), thus the unjustified emendation was determined as justified and is an available name that is used herein.

Type designation

Upon creation of the genus Liturgusa by Saussure in 1869, two species, Mantis annulipes Audinet Serville, 1838 and Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869, were included, but neither were designated as the type species for the genus. Further, no type was established until subsequent designation, adherent to Article 69.1 of the Code, by Kirby (1904[18]: 271) of Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869, which was valid under Article 67.2 of the Code as this species was an “originally included nominal species” available for fixation. However, Giglio-Tos (1927[31]: 292) took subsequent action by designation of Mantis annulipes Audinet Serville, 1838, an act not valid according to Article 69.1.2 of the Code, which states that the first designation in a publication (Kirby 1904[18]) is to be accepted. This type discrepancy was first recognized by Rehn (1935[35]: 198) having stated in footnote “Giglio-Tos (Das Tierreich, Lief. 50, p. 292, (1927)), erroneously gives annulipes as the genotype. Kirby‘s fixation is the first, and, being made on one of the two originally included species, must be followed”. Unfortunately, recognition of Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869 as the type for the genus has not been uniform across taxonomic works (e.g. Ehrmann 2002[58] recognizes Mantis annulipes and Otte and Spearman 2005[59] recognizes Liturgusa cayennensis).

Redescription of the genus

Body: The overall coloration of all Liturgusa species varies within a mottled or camouflage pattern that incorporates black, brown, pale tan, white or grey, and sometimes shades of green. The mottled patterns can be diffuse or highly contrasting with whitish regions abutting black spots or splotches. All species are dorsoventrally flattened with disproportionately long legs in comparison to body length.
Measurement Ranges: Male. Body length 18.59–29.16; forewing length 10.74–17.91; hindwing length 8.12–14.19; pronotum length 5.03–8.84; prozone length 1.55–2.49; pronotum width 1.90–3.18; pronotum narrow width 1.27–2.47; head width 4.36–6.34; head vertex to clypeus 1.55–2.67; frons width 1.39–2.39; frons height 0.53–0.93; prothoracic femur length 5.40–8.10; mesothoracic femur length 3.32–11.15; mesothoracic tibia length 4.78–8.83; mesothoracic tarsus length 4.33–8.07; metathoracic femur length 6.61–11.64; metathoracic tibia length 6.05–12.00; metathoracic tarsus length 6.24–11.52; pronotal elongation measure 0.26–0.34; pronotal shape measure 0.28–0.49; head shape measure 0.36–0.44; frons shape measure 0.30–0.47. Female. Body length 14.64–52.03; forewing length 12.36–26.96; hindwing length 9.29–21.20; pronotum length 5.16–13.12; prozone length 1.57–3.69; pronotum width 2.19–4.49; pronotum narrow width 1.43–3.09; head width 4.42–7.91; head vertex to clypeus 1.78–3.38; frons width 1.51–3.23; frons height 0.52–1.23; prothoracic femur length 5.22–12.24; mesothoracic femur length 6.47–14.62; mesothoracic tibia length 4.83–12.35; mesothoracic tarsus length 4.56–10.74; metathoracic femur length 6.56–14.87; metathoracic tibia length 6.90–17.08; metathoracic tarsus length 6.38–14.80; pronotal elongation measure 0.23–0.33; pronotal shape measure 0.29–0.52; head shape measure 0.38–0.47; frons shape measure 0.30–0.44.
Head: Wider than long with large, rounded eyes projecting outside the profile of the head both laterally and anteriorly (the anterior margin of the eyes anterior to the central surface of the head). Juxta-ocular protuberances present to varying degrees within males, but always well developed in females. The vertex between the parietal sutures is straight, concave or slightly irregular. Frontal suture with a medial carina. Ocelli present in males, but size is variable, protruding on cuticular mounds; reduced in females and laying more flatly on the surface or all three positioned laterally on a continuous curved carina. Central ocellus oriented anteriorly and lateral ocelli oriented outward, perpendicular to the central axis of the head or at most a few degrees off perpendicular. Frons narrowed between the antennal insertion sites and depressed below the central ocellus; a transverse carina present below the central ocellus, running from lateral margins under the antennal insertion sites medially in a dorsally oriented curve. Upper margin of clypeus convex, lower margin straight, concave, or convex; a transverse ridge medially; lateral margins tapering, widest at the upper margin. Labrum with minimal sculpting and a rounded terminus. Antennae filiform and with rare setae, pale or dark or a combination of both, never banded. Varying levels of black markings across the anterior surface that can include a transverse band or spots on the lower part of the frons, markings around the ocelli and the vertex, and markings on the clypeus, labrum and mandibles. Palpi are usually pale with or without a darkened terminus.
Pronotum: Varying from elongate (pronotum shape measure 0.28) to squat (pronotum shape measure 0.52) with a defined supra-coxal bulge; dorsal surface mostly smooth or at most with disperse tubercles, particularly in the posterior half. Prozone with lateral margins that are parallel, tapering anteriorly or rarely convex. Metazone with lateral margins that are parallel, concave, or tapering posteriorly; the dorsal surface often with laterally symmetrical bulges in the middle, which can push lateral margins outward. Coloration highly variable with pale and black markings. Supra-coxal sulcus strongly defined; posterior margin straight or medially emarginate.
Prothoracic Legs: Femoral spine count of male and female: anteroventral 12–17, posteroventral 4, discoidal 4. Femur robust with a straight or concave dorsal margin; anteroventral and posteroventral (internal and external, respectively) spines well developed; line of small tubercles running medially of the posteroventral spines. A continuous carina running from distal terminus of femur along dorsal margin to the base, circling the external surface of the proximal end and running along the ventral margin at the base of the posteroventral spines. Pale to dark banding on posterior (external) surface of femur; anterior (internal) surface pale with varying patterns of black markings. Posterior surface of femur smooth or with few tubercles. Well-developed femoral pit to accommodate terminal posteroventral tibial spine, positioned medial to the proximal two posteroventral spines; pit is colored black, brown or pale. Prothoracic tibial spine count of male and female: anteroventral 7–11, posteroventral 7. Prothoracic tibial spines robust; the posteroventral spines with the first smallest, the second and/or third longer, the third or fourth through sixth of similar length; the anteroventral spines longest at distal end and shortening proximally, but the seventh and eighth spines from the distal terminal spine longer than adjacent spines. Tarsus normal for Mantodea, but banded with pale and dark coloration. Prothoracic coxae smooth with no or a few very minor tubercles or setae along dorsal margin; black markings vary across species on the anterior, posterior, and ventral surfaces.
Meso- and Metathoracic Legs: Long and slender with pale to dark banding on the femur and tibia; dorsal surface of femora smooth. Femora with ventral (posterior) carina, some species being more pronounced than others; dorsal (anterior) carina noticeable in some species (Cayennensis Group in particular). Tibia long and rounded with well developed terminal spurs. Mesothoracic tarsi with first segment shorter, equal to or longer than remaining segments combined. Metathoracic tarsi with first segment always at least slightly longer than remaining segments combined, can be much longer.
Wings: Wings developed in males and females. Forewing mottled with brown, black, white, and green coloration; the costal region narrow relative to the wing length, the width between 2–5% the length, often with light to dark irregular banding; veins often marked with irregular sections of pale color. The forewings in many species may be colored asymmetrically, one being mottled as described above while the other is either dark rust or blackened with the mottled pattern still slightly visible (darker wing typically folded under the mottled wing). Hindwings hyaline, smoky opaque, and/or with rusty, yellow, or orange coloration; the terminus of the discoidal region either projecting beyond or within the profile of the distal margin of anal region.
Abdomen: Males and females with varying degrees of gradual widening from first segment until the beginning of the distal third (segments 5–7) at which point the lateral margins narrow to the terminus, the middle third being the broadest region. Some slender species with very slight widening, exhibiting near parallel margins before an abrupt narrowing as described above. Some species with pointed posterolateral tergal projections in the distal half of the abdomen of males and/or females, but other species with unmodified tergites. Cerci cylindrical, long and setose, tapering to a point. Supra-anal plate long or transverse, always with a rounded terminus of varying degrees. Subgenital plate of male with rounded, slightly irregular terminus; without styli.
Male Genital Complex: The distal end of main body of ventral left sclerite (L4A) is either smooth and rounded or with a distal process (pda) of varying size and shape. The apofisis falloid (afa) of the main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) well sclerotized with a highly variable terminus; the apical process (paa) cylindrical and curved, terminating in a rounded or blunt end. The right dorsal phallomere (fda) of the first sclerite of right phallomere (R1) tapers to a rounded terminus and is mostly membranous with disperse setae of varying robustness; the ventral plate (pia) strongly sclerotized with strongly defined grooves, slight grooves, or smooth; the ventral process (pva) strongly sclerotized and curved and/or tapering distally.

Ootheca

(Figs 1D, 21A–B). For known species, the ootheca is attached to solid substrate, usually tree bark. The main body is spherical with a tapering hollow tube originating from a dorso-medial position at about 45 degrees from a lateral perspective relative to attachment surface. Eggs positioned in a linear row medially in line with the tubicular process within an air-filled space. The size and volume of the air-filled space of the spherical body appears to vary across species (a considerably larger ootheca was examined for an unknown species in the Natural History Museum, London). Upon hatching, nymphs emerge through the tube to the outside. The number of eggs is unknown across the species.

Key to species

Key to species — G. Svenson
1
Pronotum shape measure (measure = pronotum width at the supra-coxal bulge / total length of pronotum) of male 0.435 or greater, of female 0.45 or greater; pronotum short and broad (Fig. 47A–G). Metazone shape metric (metric = pronotum width at the supra-coxal bulge / length of metazone) of male 0.63 or greater, of female 0.63 or greater; short, broad metazone 
  2, Cayennensis Group
–
Pronotum shape measure of male 0.43 or less, of female 0.43 or less; pronotum slightly to highly elongate (Figs 47H–T, 48, 49). Metazone shape metric of male 0.61 or less, of female 0.615 or greater 
  5
Couplet_ID_missing!
Lead statement missing! 
  Cayennensis Group
2
Pronotum widened at the posterior end, the lateral margins protruding; distinct narrowing in the medial region of the metazone (Fig. 47E–F) 
  3
–
Pronotum with gradually narrowing lateral margins from supra-coxal bulge to posterior margin with no or very little central narrowing; posterior lateral margins not protruding and contained within the profile of the posterior terminus (Fig. 47A–D). Terminus of apofisis falloid (afa) of the main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) broad at base, quickly tapering to sharp or blunt point; often triangular (Fig. 51A–B) 
  4
3
Lateral margins of male and female prozone parallel or slightly divergent anteriorly (Fig. 47E–F). Discoidal region of hindwing of male and female with orange or rust coloration fading to smoke distally and into the anal region (Fig. 6A–B). Terminus of apofisis falloid (afa) of the main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) narrow and shaped like a finger (Fig. 51C.1). Distributed in northern Guyana and northern Brazil 
  Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939
–
Lateral margins of the female prozone converging anteriorly (Fig. 47G). Discoidal region of hindwing of female (only females known) yellow on proximal 90% and fading to black distally; yellow extending into the anterior portion of the anal region with strongly defined transition from yellow to hyaline with a slight smoke color along the distal margin (Fig. 7A). Only known from southern Venezuela near the Sierra de la Neblina 
  Liturgusa neblina sp. n.
4
Mesotarsi with first segment as long as the remaining segments combined. Distributed in eastern South America including French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and eastern Brazil. Lateral margins of female abdomen with slight or no tergal expansions 
  Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869
–
Mesotarsi with first segment shorter than the remaining segments combined. Distributed in western South America including Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and southern Venezuela. Lateral margins of female abdomen with distinct tergal expansions that produce a posterior oriented point 
  Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889
5
Pronotum shape measure of male 0.360 or greater, of female 0.370 or greater 
  6, Maya Group
–
Pronotum shape measure of male 0.355 or less, of female 0.36 or less; pronotum elongate and slender 
  15, Cursor Group
Couplet_ID_missing!
Lead statement missing! 
  Maya Group
6
Forewing length of female 26–27 mm, of male 19–20 mm. Length of pronotum of female 11–12 mm, of male 9–10 mm. Known only from Colombia 
  Liturgusa stiewei sp. n.
–
Forewing length of female 13–22 mm, of male 12–18 mm. Length of pronotum of female 6–10 mm, of male 5–8 mm 
  7
7
Pronotum highly sculpted in male and female with all of the following characteristics: prozone with highly convex margins; a defined supra-coxal bulge; medial region of metazonal lateral margins parallel or highly convex and bulging outward; posterior margins rounded in males, females with straightened posterior corners oriented 45 degrees from the central line of the body (Fig. 47E–F). Distributed only in Central America with records from Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Panama 
  Liturgusa zoae sp. n.
–
Pronotum of male and female not highly sculpted with all of the following characteristics: prozone with lateral margins that are near parallel or tapering anteriorly; a moderately defined supra-coxal bulge; medial region of metazonal lateral margins concave or bulging slightly; posterior margins in males and females rounded with a central emargination (Liturgusa manausensis male with straightened posterior corners oriented 45 degrees from the central line of the body) (Figs 47H–T, 48C–D) 
  8
8
Relatively small with a size metric range (size metric = length of forewing × length of pronotum) of 63–68 for males and 88–91 for females 
  9
–
Relatively large with a size metric range of 73–132 for males and 97–187 for females 
  10
9
Prothoracic femora of female with posteroventral genicular spine positioned proximal to the beginning of the genicular lobe. Male size metric approximately 16–17 (size metric = [length of pronotum / width of pronotum at narrow] × width of head). Distributed in northern Peru with one record just across the border in Brazil. 
  Liturgusa bororum sp. n.
–
Prothoracic femora of female with posteroventral genicular spine positioned distal to the beginning of the genicular lobe. Male size metric approximately 14. Distributed in northern Venezuela 
  Liturgusa cura sp. n.
10
Hindwings of male and female with yellow, orange or rust coloration on at least the proximal third of the discoidal region, fading to black distally (Figs 10A–B, 16A–B) 
  11
–
Discoidal region of the hindwings of male and female black or darkly opaque with at most the anterior costal margin with a lighter pale or rust coloration (Figs 11A–B, 12A, 13A–B, 17A–B) 
  12
11
Hindwings of male and female orange or yellow colored on the proximal ¾ of the discoidal region, sharply transitioning to black distally; the anal region mostly black or darkly opaque with the proximal third matching the orange color of the discoidal region (Fig. 10A–B). Size metric (metric = length of prothoracic femora / length of forewing) for males 0.45 or greater, for females 0.47 or greater. Ventral left sclerite (L4A) without distal process (pda), smoothly rounded (Fig. 51F.1). Distributed in Central America with records from Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua 
  Liturgusa fossetti sp. n.
–
Hindwings of male and female orange or rust colored on the proximal ⅓ to ½ of the discoidal region, gradually fading to black distally; the anal region uniformly opaque black or smoky (Fig. 16A–B). Size metric for males 0.44 or less, for females 0.45 or less. Ventral left sclerite (L4A) with distal process (pda) (Fig. 51J.1–J.6) 
  Liturgusa tessae sp. n.
Male genital dissection required for identification of Liturgusa manausensis, Liturgusa kirtlandi, Liturgusa trinidadensis, and Liturgusa maya. 
12
Male pronotal shape metric 0.59 (metric = [length of prozone / length of pronotum] × pronotum width at the supra-coxal bulge). Apofisis falloid (afa) of the main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) with a long, sharp point; ventral plate (pia) and ventral process (pva) of right phallomere (R1) large (Fig. 51H.1). Small species with asymmetrical forewing coloration, the contrast between dark and light highly distinct. Only males known and recorded only from Manaus, Brazil 
  Liturgusa manausensis sp. n.
–
Pronotal shape metric for males 0.63 or greater, for females 0.77 or greater. Apofisis falloid (afa) of the main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) with a short, but sharp point; ventral plate (pia) and ventral process (pva) of right phallomere (R1) small (Figs 51G.1–G.4, 51I.1–I4, 52A.1–A.5) 
  13
13
Apical process (paa) of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) flat, forming an angled pedestal (Fig. 51G.1–G.4). Relatively large with a pronotum length range of 6.95–7.35 mm (7.18 average) for males and 8.16–8.70 mm (8.43 average) for females. Recorded only from central Bolivia 
  Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n.
–
Apical process (paa) of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) uniformly rounded (Figs 51I.1–I4, 52A.1–A.5). Relatively smaller overall with a pronotum range of 5.61–7.39 mm (6.25 average) for males and 6.55–8.99 mm (7.42 average) for females (only one male and two females of Liturgusa maya fall within the pronotum size range of Liturgusa kirtlandi) 
  14
14
Numerous tubercles in posterolateral corners of metazone in males and females. Antennae pale or gradually fade of a brown color in both sexes. Distal process (pda) of ventral left sclerite (L4A) with a sclerotized fold or slight projection centrally (Fig. 52A.1–A.5). Known only from Trinidad 
  Liturgusa trinidadensis sp. n.
–
No tubercles present on pronotum of males and females. Antennae of both sexes fade rapidly to black just distal of the base. Distal process (pda) of ventral left sclerite (L4A) with a strongly defined central process that is angled approximately 30 degrees from the central axis of the hypophallus, the tip rounded (Fig. 51I.1–I4). Broadly distributed from Mexico to southern Peru on the western side of South America 
  Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894
15
Length of forewing of male less than 13.2 mm. Size metric (metric = length of forewing × length of pronotum) of male 92 or less, of female 125 or less. Ventral left sclerite (L4A) with a smooth, rounded terminus, lacking distal process (pda) (Fig. 52C.1–E.1) 
  16, Cursor Group A
–
Length of forewing of male 13.2 mm or greater. Size metric (metric = length of forewing × length of pronotum) of male 95 or greater, of female 130 or greater. Ventral left sclerite (L4A) with a distal process (pda) or serrated ridge (Fig. 52F.1–K.1) 
  18, Cursor Group B
Couplet_ID_missing!
Lead statement missing! 
  Cursor Group A
16
Supra-anal plate of male and female highly transverse, about three times as wide as long. Forewings lacking strongly pronounce white spot near the proximal end (Fig. 19A–B). Apofisis falloid (afa) of the dorsal left sclerite (L4B) finger-like with the terminus shaped like a slightly broadened bulb (Fig. 52C.1–C.3). Distributed only in Central America with records in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama 
  Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1950
–
Supra-anal plate of male and female about twice as wide as long, the terminus rounded. Forewings with strongly pronounce white spot in the first proximal fifth, overlaying the bases of the media and cubitus veins (Figs 20A–B, 22A–B). Apofisis falloid (afa) of the dorsal left sclerite (L4B) triangular, terminating with a sharp point (Fig. 52D.1–E.1) 
  17
17
Anterior surface of forecoxae with a broad, black band medially in the proximal half as well as a black spot medially towards the distal terminus. Posterior margin of the prothoracic femora with a small spine between the most distal posteroventral spine and the genicular spine. Genicular spine positioned proximal to the beginning of the genicular lobe. Distributed in northern South America with records from French Guiana, but range could extend into Suriname and northern Brazil 
  Liturgusa milleri sp. n.
–
Anterior surface of forecoxa pale, without black markings. Posterior margin of the prothoracic femora without defined spine between the most distal posteroventral spine and the genicular spine. Genicular spine positioned distal to the beginning of the genicular lobe. Endemic to the island of Dominica 
  Liturgusa dominica sp. n.
Couplet_ID_missing!
Lead statement missing! 
  Cursor Group B
18
Discoidal area of the hindwings red, rust, or orange color proximally and fading to black distally (Figs 26A–B, 29A). Forewings of male and female often with asymmetrical coloration; when present, one is red or rusty 
  19
–
Discoidal area of the hindwings uniformly dark or smoky colored (Figs 7B, 23A–B, 24A–B, 25B, 27A–B). Forewings of male and female with or without asymmetrical coloration; when present, one is darkened black or smoky 
  20
19
Posteroventral prothoracic femoral spines of males and females long, most proximal spine around 0.50 mm and 1 mm, respectively (length of prothoracic femora ~14 and ~8.5 times the length of the most proximal posteroventral prothoracic femoral spine, respectively). Apofisis falloid (afa) of the dorsal left sclerite (L4B) a slender point, appearing like a needle; terminus of ventral left sclerite (L4A) with a sharp, slightly curved distal process (pda), but it can be reduced to a shorter projection with a pointed tip (Fig. 52I.1) 
  Liturgusa krattorum sp. n.
–
Posteroventral prothoracic femoral spines of male and female short, most proximal spine around 0.35 mm and 0.50 mm, respectively (length of prothoracic femora 18 and 15.5 times the length of the most proximal posteroventral prothoracic femoral spine, respectively). Apofisis falloid (afa) of the dorsal left sclerite (L4B) a broad triangle ending with a sharp point; terminus of ventral left sclerite (L4A) with a small blunt distal process (pda) (Fig. 52K.1) 
  Liturgusa purus sp. n.
20
Length of pronotum of male less than 7.1 mm, of female less than 8 mm 
  Liturgusa actuosa Rehn, 1950
–
Length of pronotum of male greater than 7.1 mm, of female greater than 8.5 mm 
  21
21
The length of the forewing is at most 1.80 times longer than the total length of the pronotum (observed range 1.67–1.80). Hindwings of male and female with a slight emargination between the discoidal and anal regions (Figs 7A, 25B) 
  22
–
The length of the forewing is at least 1.83 times longer than the total length of the pronotum (observed range 1.83–2.2). Hindwings of male and female with a prominent emargination between the discoidal and anal regions (Figs 25A–B, 27A–B) 
  23
22
The second most proximal posteroventral foretibial spine of female approximately 1.4 times the length of the third spine. Abdomen of female with slight posteriorolateral tergal projections that form a small posterior corner lip at most. Distributed in northern Venezuela with one record from northern Guyana 
  Liturgusa cameroni sp. n.
–
The second and third most proximal posteroventral foretibial spines of females roughly the same length, the second being slightly longer in most specimens (not more than 1.2 times the length of the third spine). Abdomen of female with pronounced posterolateral tergal projections that form small tooth-like projections between 0.15 mm and 0.21 mm in length. Distributed in northern French Guiana 
  Liturgusa maroni sp. n.
23
Mesotarsi of male with first segment shorter than the remaining segments combined. First tarsomere of female hindleg 3.5–8 times longer than the dorsal metatibial spur (spine relatively long). Distal process (pda) of ventral left sclerite (L4A) pointed, one side being serrated and heavily sclerotized; apofisis falloid (afa) of the dorsal left sclerite (L4B) with a broad, triangular terminus (Fig. 52J.1–J.2) 
  Liturgusa nubeculosa Gerstaecker, 1889
–
Mesotarsi of male with first segment equal to remaining segments combined. First tarsomere of female hindleg 10–12 times longer than the dorsal metatibial spur (spine relatively short). Distal process (pda) of ventral left sclerite (L4A) pointed, the tip rounded; apofisis falloid (afa) of the dorsal left sclerite (L4B) with slender, pointed terminus (Fig. 52G.1–G.2) 
  Liturgusa algorei sp. n.

Clave Para las Especies (translation by Julio Rivera)

Clave Para las Especies (translation by Julio Rivera) — G. Svenson
1
Medida de la forma del pronotum (medida = ancho del pronotum a la altura de la dilatación supracoxal dividido por la longitud total del pronotum) del macho igual o mayor a 0.435, el de la hembra igual o mayor a 0.45; pronotum corto y ancho. Medida de la forma de la metazona (i.e. ancho del pronotum a la altura de la dilatación supracoxal dividido por la longitud total de la metazona) del macho igual o superior a 0.63, en la hembra igual o superior a 0.63; metazona corta y ancha 
  2, Grupo Cayennensis
–
Medida de la forma del pronotum del macho y la hembra igual o menor a 0.43. Pronotum poco o muy elongado. Medida de la forma de la metazona (i.e. ancho del pronotum a la altura de la dilatación supracoxal dividido por la longitud total de la metazona) del macho igual o menor a 0.61, en la hembra igual o superior a 0.615 
  5
Couplet_ID_missing!
Lead statement missing! 
  Grupo Cayennensis
2
Pronotum ensanchado en su extremo posterior, márgenes laterales sobresalientes; región central de la metazona con estrechamiento notorio (Fig. 47E–F) 
  3
–
Pronotum con márgenes laterals estrechándose gradualmente en la sección comprendida entre la dilatación supracoxal y el márgen posterior, sin o con muy poco estrechamiento central; márgenes laterales no sobresalientes y contenidos dentro del perfil del márgen más posterior (Fig. 47A–D). Parte distal de la apófisis faloide (afa) den esclerito dorsal derecho del macho (L4B) amplio en la base, estrechándose súbitamente para formar una punta aguda o roma; frecuentemente triangular (Fig. 51A–B) 
  4
3
Márgenes laterales de la prozona paralela o ligeramente divergentes anteriormente en ambos sexos (Fig. 47E–F). Región discoidal de las alas posteriores de ambos sexos de color naranja oxido, tornándose ahumada distalmente y hacia la región anal (Fig. 6A–B). Ápice de la apófisis faloide (afa) del esclerito dorsal derecho del macho (L4B) estrecho y digitiforme (Fig. 51C.1). Distribución en el Norte de Guyana y Norte de Brasil 
  Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939
–
Márgenes laterales de la prozona de la hembra convergiendo anteriormente (Fig. 47G). Región discoidal de las alas posteriores de la hembra (unico sexo conocido) amarillo sobre el 90% más proximal y tornándose negro distalmente; la coloración amarilla se extiende hacia la porción anterior de la región anal, con una transición bien definida desde el amarillo hasta una condicioón más hialina, y con un tono mas ahumado hacia el márgen distal (Fig. 7A). Solo conocida para el Sur de Venezuela, cerca de la ”Sierra de la Neblina” 
  Liturgusa neblina sp. n.
4
Mesotarso con primer segmento tan largo como los demás combinados. Distribuidos en el este de Sudamérica incluyendo Guyana Francesa, Guyana, Surinam y este de Brasil. Márgenes laterales del abdomen de la hembra con ligeras expansions tergales o sin estas 
  Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869
–
Mesotarso con primer segmento más corto que los demás combinados. Distribución en el Oeste de Sudamérica, incluyendo Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Sur de Venezuela. Márgenes laterales del abdomen de la hembra con expansions tergales notorias en forma de una punta orientada posteriormente 
  Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889
5
Medida de la forma del pronotum del macho igual o mayor a 0.360, de la hembra igual o mayor a 0.370 
  6, Grupo Maya
–
Medida de la forma del pronotum del macho igual o menor a 0.355, de la hembra igual o menor a 0.36; pronotum alargado y delgado 
  15, Grupo Cursor
Couplet_ID_missing!
Lead statement missing! 
  Grupo Maya
6
Alas anteriores de la hembra 26–27 mm, del macho 19–20. Longitud del pronotum de la hembra 11–12 mm, del macho 9–10. Conocida solo para Colombia 
  Liturgusa stiewei sp. n.
–
Alas anteriores de la hembra 13–22 mm (rango observado 13.35–21.41 mm), del macho 12–18 (rango observado 12.36–17.91 mm). Longitud del pronotum de la hembra 6–10 mm (rango observado 6.26–9.53 mm), del macho 5-8 mm (rango observado 5.16–7.35 mm) 
  7
7
Pronotum del macho y la hembra muy esculpido, mostrando las siguientes características: prozona con márgenes fuertemente convexos; dilatación supracoxal definida; región media de los márgenes laterales de la metazona paralelas o fuertemente convexa y dilatándose posteriormente; márgenes posteriores redondeados en los machos, en las hembras con las esquinas posteriores rectas, las que forman un angulo de 45 grados con respecto a la linea central del cuerpo (Fig. 47E–F). Distribuida solo en Centro America, con registros en Honduras, Guatemala, Belize y Panama 
  Liturgusa zoae sp. n.
–
Pronotum del macho y la hembra no muy esculpido, mostrando las siguientes características: prozona con márgenes laterales casi paralelos o estrechándose anteriormente; dilatación supracoxal moderadamente definida; región media de los márgenes laterales de la metazona cóncavos o ligeramente dilatados; márgenes posteriores redondeados y con una emarginación central en ambos sexos (los machos de Liturgusa manausensis tienen las esquinas porteriores formando un angulo de 45 grados con respecto a la línea central del cuerpo (Figs 47H–T, 48C–D) 
  8
8
Relativamente pequeños. El producto de longitud de las alas anteriores multiplicado por la longitud del pronotum es igual a 63–68 en los machos, y 88–91 en las hembras 
  9
–
Relativamente grandes. El producto de longitud de las alas anteriores multiplicado por la longitud del pronotum es igual a 73–132 en los machos, y 97–187 en las hembras 
  10
9
Fémures anteriores de la hembra con espina genicular posteroventral posicionada proximalmente al origen del lóbulo genicular. Rango de la siguiente métrica relativa: (longitud del pronotum / ancho menor del pronotum) × ancho de la cabeza, igual a 16–17 en los machos 
  Liturgusa bororum sp. n.
–
Fémures anteriores de la hembra con espina genicular posteroventral posicionada distalmente al origen lóbulo genicular. Rango de la siguiente métrica relativa: (longitud del pronotum / ancho menor del pronotum) × ancho de la cabeza, aproximadamente 14 en los machos 
  Liturgusa cura sp. n.
10
Alas posteriores del macho y la hembra con una coloracion amarilla, naranja u oxido sobre al menos el tercio proximal de la region discoidal, tornandose negra distalmente (Figs 10A–B, 16A–B) 
  11
–
Región discoidal de las alas posteriores del macho y la hembra de color negro u oscuramente opacada, con a lo mucho el margen anterior del márgen costal de un color mas pálido o algo rojizo (Figs 11A–B, 12A, 13A–B, 17A–B) 
  12
11
Área discoidal de las alas posteriores del macho y la hembra naranja o amarillo en los ¾ proximales, rápidamente tornándose negro distalmente; región anal mayormente negra u oscuramente opacada, con el tercio proximal coloreado como la región discoidal (Fig. 10A–B). La métrica longitud del fémur anterior / longitud de las alas anteriores en los machos es igual o mayor a 0.45 (rango observado 0.45–0.48), e igual o mayor a 0.47 en las hembras (rango observado 0.47–0.52) Esclerito ventral izquierdo (L4A) sin proceso distal (pda) y suavemente redondeado. Distribución en Centro América, con registros de Panamá, Costa Rica y Nicaragua 
  Liturgusa fossetti sp. n.
–
Área discoidal de las alas posteriores del macho y la hembra naranja o rojo oxido en los 1/3 al ½ proximales, gradualmente tornandose negro hacia distalmente. Región anal uniformemente opaca, negra o ahumada (Fig. 16A–B). La métrica longitud del fémur anterior / longitud de las alas anteriores en los machos igual o menor a 0.44 (rango observado 0.4–0.44), e igual o menor a 0.45 en las hembras (rango observado 0.4–0.45). Esclerito ventral izquierdo (L4A) con proceso distal (pda) (Fig. 51J.1–J.6) 
  Liturgusa tessae sp. n.
Lead statement missing! 
  Diseccion de genitalia masculina es necessaria para la identificacion de Liturgusa manausensis, Liturgusa kirtlandi, Liturgusa trinidadensis, and Liturgusa maya.
12
Métrica de la forma del pronotum del macho 0.59 (métrica = [longitud de la prozona/longitud del pronotum] × ancho del pronotum a la altura de la dilatación supracoxal]. Apófisis faloide (afa) del esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) con una punta larga y aguda; ventral plate (pia) y ventral process (pva) del falómero derecho (R1) grandes (Fig. 51H.1). Especie pequeña con coloración de las alas anteriores asimétrica y con un contraste muy notorio entre las regiones oscurecidas y las más claras. Especie conocida solo por los machos, registros solo para Manaus, Brasil 
  Liturgusa manausensis sp. n.
–
Métrica de la forma del pronotum del macho 0.63 o mayor (rango observado 0.63-0.86), en las hembras 0.77 o mayor (rango observado 0.77-1.12). Apófisis faloide (afa) del esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) con una punta corta y aguda; ventral plate (pia) y ventral process (pva) del falómero derecho (R1) pequeños (Figs 51G.1–G.4, 51I.1–I4, 52A.1–A.5) 
  13
13
Proceso apical (paa) del esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) plano, en forma de podio (Fig. 51G.1–G.4). Especie relativamente grande, pronotum del macho entre 6.95–7.35 (promedio 7.18), y hembras entre 8.16–8.7 (promedio 8.43). Registros solo para Bolivia central 
  Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n.
–
Proceso apical (paa) del esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) uniformemente redondeado (Figs 51I.1–I4, 52A.1–A.5). Tamaño relativamente pequeño, pronotum del macho entre 5.61–7.39 (promedio 6.25), y hembras 6.55–8.99 (promedio 7.42) (solo se observo un macho y dos hembras de Liturgusa maya con medidas del pronotum comparables a Liturgusa kirtlandi) 
  14
14
Esquinas posterolaterales de la metazona con numerosos tubérculos en ambos sexos. Antenas pálidas o gradualmente tornándose pardo en ambos sexos. Proceso distal (pda) del esclerito ventral izquierdo (L4A) centralmente con un pliegue esclerotizado o una ligera proyección (Fig. 52A.1–A.5). Registros solo para Trinidad 
  Liturgusa trinidadensis sp. n.
–
Sin tubérculos en el pronotum de ambos sexos. Antenas tornándose rápidamente negras distalmente en ambos sexos. Proceso distal (pda) del esclerito ventral izquierdo (L4A) centralmente con un proceso fuerte bien definido, el cual forma un ángulo de ca. 30 grados con el eje central del hypophallus, el ápice es redondeado (Fig. 51I.1–I4). Registros solo para Trinidad 
  Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894
15
Longitud de las alas del macho igual o menor a 13.2. Métrica longitud de las alas anteriores × longitud del pronotum del macho igual o menos a 92, igual o menor a 125 en las hembras. Esclerito ventral izquierdo (L4A) con el ápice liso y redondeado, carente de proceso distal (pda) (Fig. 52C.1–E.1) 
  16, Grupo Cursor A
–
Longitud de las alas del macho igual o menor a 13.4. Métrica longitud de las alas anteriores × longitud del pronotum del macho igual o mayor a 95, igual o mayor a 130 en las hembras. Esclerito ventral izquierdo (L4A) con un proceso distal (pda) o un borde aserrado (Fig. 52F.1–K.1) 
  18, Grupo Cursor B
Couplet_ID_missing!
Lead statement missing! 
  Grupo Cursor A
16
Esclerito supra-anal del macho y la hembra fuertemente transversal, aproximadamente 3 veces tan ancho como largo. Alas anteriores sin una marca blanca fuertemete pronunciada cerca del extreme proximal (Fig. 19A–B). Apófisis faloide (afa) del esclerito dorsal derecho (L4B) digitiforme, con el ápice en forma de un bulbo ligeramente ensanchado (Fig. 52C.1–C.3). Distribución solo en Centro América, con registros para Nicaragua, Costa Rica y Panamá 
  Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1950
–
Esclerito supra-anal del macho y la hembra aproximadamente 2 veces tan ancho como largo, con ápice redondeado. Alas anteriores con una marca blanca fuertemente pronunciada sobre el 1/5 proximal y sobre la base de las venas media y cubital (Figs 20A–B, 22A–B). Apófisis faloide (afa) del esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) triangular, terminando en punta aguda (Fig. 52D.1–E.1) 
  17
17
Superficie anterior de la procoxa con una banda media de color negro en la mitad proximal, así como también una marca negra medial hacia el ápice. Margen posterior del fémur anterior con una espina pequeña entre la espina posteroventral más distal y la espina genicular. Espina genicular posicionada proximalmente al inicio del lóbulo genicular. Distribución en el norte de Sudamérica, con registros para Guyana Francesa, pero posiblemente distribuida también en Surinam y norte de Brasil 
  Liturgusa milleri sp. n.
–
Superficie anterior de la procoxa pálida, sin marcas negras. Margen posterior del fémur anterior sin una espina definida entre la espina posteroventral más distal y la espina genicular. Espina genicular posicionada distalmente al inicio del lóbulo genicular. Endémica de la isla Dominica 
  Liturgusa dominica sp. n.
Couplet_ID_missing!
Lead statement missing! 
  Grupo Cursor B
18
Parte proximal del área discoidal de las alas posteriores de color rojo, naranja u óxido, tornándose negro distalmente (Figs 26A–B, 29A). Ala anterior del macho y la hembra frecuentemente de coloración asimétrica, cuando esto ocurre, una de las alas tiene un tono rojizo 
  19
–
Área discoidal de las alas posteriores uniformemente oscurecida o ahumada (Figs 7B, 23A–B, 24A–B, 25B, 27A–B). Alas anteriores del macho y la hembra con o sin coloración asimétrica, pero cuando esta ocurre, una es oscura, negra o ahumada 
  20
19
Espinas posteroventrales del fémur anterior largas, tanto en machos como en las hembras, siendo la más proximal aproximadamente 0.5 y 1 mm, respectivamente (longitud del fémur anterior ~14 y ~8.5 veces la longitud de la espina posteroventral más proximal, respectivamente). Apófisis faloide (afa) del esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) delgado, como una aguja; ápice del esclerito ventral izquierdo (L4A) con una proyección aguda y ligeramente curvada, aunque puede estar reducida a una distal process (pda) más corta y de ápice algo puntiagudo (Fig. 52I.1) 
  Liturgusa krattorum sp. n.
–
Espinas posteroventrales del fémur anterior cortas, tanto en machos como en las hembras, siendo la más proximal aproximadamente 0.35 y 0.5 mm, respectivamente (longitud del fémur anterior 18 y 15.5 veces la longitud de la espina posteroventral más proximal, respectivamente). Apófisis faloide (afa) del esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) en forma de un triangulo amplio, terminando en una punta aguda; ápice del esclerito ventral izquierdo (L4A) con una distal process (pda) corta y roma (Fig. 52K.1) 
  Liturgusa purus sp. n.
20
Longitud del pronotum de los machos menor a 7.1, el de las hembras menor a 8 
  Liturgusa actuosa Rehn, 1950
–
Longitud del pronotum de los machos mayor a 7.1, el de las hembras mayor a 8.5 
  21
21
Longitud de las alas anteriores como máximo 1.80 veces más largo que la longitud total del pronotum (rango observado 1.67–1.80). Ala posterior del macho y la hembra con una emarginación entre las áreas discoidal y anal, poco o muy poco marcada (Figs 7A, 25B) 
  22
–
Longitud de las alas anteriores como minimo 1.83 veces más largo que la longitud total del pronotum (rango observado 1.83–2.2). Ala posterior del macho y la hembra con una obvia emarginación entre las áreas discoidal y anal (Figs 25A–B, 27A–B) 
  23
22
La segunda espina posteroventral más proximal de las tibias anteriores de la hembra, aproximadamente 1.4 veces la longitud de la tercera espina. Terga abdominal de la hembra con pequeñas expansiones en las esquinas latero-posteriores. Distribución en el norte de Venezuela, con un registro en el norte de Guyana 
  Liturgusa cameroni sp. n.
–
La segunda y tercera espina posteroventral mas proximales de las tibias anteriores de la hembra, casi de la misma longitud, con la segunda siendo solo ligeramente más larga en la mayoría de especimens examinados (no más de 1.2 veces la longitud de la tercera espina). Terga abdominal de la hembra con expansiones pronunciadas en las esquinas latero-posteriores de aproximadamente 0.15 y 0.21 mm de longitud. Distribución en la cuenca del Amazonas 
  Liturgusa maroni sp. n.
23
Primer tarsómero de la pata posterior de la hembra 3.5–8 veces más largo que la espina apical dorsal de la metatibia (dicha espina es relativamente larga). Proceso distal (pda) del esclerito ventral izquierdo (L4A) en punta, uno de sus lados es aserrado y fuertemente esclerotizado; apofisis faloide (afa) del esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) con un apice amplio y triangular (Fig. 52J.1–J.2). 
  Liturgusa nubeculosa Gerstaecker, 1889
–
Primer tarsómero de la pata posterior de la hembra 10-12 veces más largo que la espina apical dorsal de la metatibia (dicha espina es relativamente corta). Proceso distal (pda) del esclerito ventral izquierdo (L4A) en punta redondeada; apofisis faloide (afa) del esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) con un apice Delgado y en punta (Fig. 52G.1–G.2) 
  Liturgusa algorei sp. n.

Taxon Treatment

  • Svenson, G; 2014: Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini) ZooKeys, 390: 1-214. doi

Other References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Saussure H (1869) Essai d‘un Système des Mantides. Mittheilungen der Schweizer. entomologischen Gesellsehaft 3(2): 49-73.
  2. ↑ Brauer F (1870) Bericht über die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Insekten während des Jahres 1869. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 36(2): 45-220.
  3. ↑ Saussure H (1870) Additions au Système des Mantides. Mittheilungen der Schweizer. entomologischen Gesellsehaft 3(5): 221-244.
  4. ↑ Brauer F (1871) Bericht über die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Insekten während des Jahres 1870. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 37(2): 161-280.
  5. ↑ Saussure H (1871a) Mélanges Orthoptérologiques. IV. Mantides. Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève 21: 1-337.
  6. ↑ Saussure H (1871b) Mémoires pour servir à l‘histoire naturelle du Mexique, des Antilles et des États-Unis–IV. Synopsis des Mantides americains. Geenèv & Bâle 1(4): 5-186.
  7. ↑ Saussure H (1872a) Mélanges Orthoptérologiques. IV Fascicule. Mantides et Blattides. Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève 23(1): 1-165.
  8. ↑ Saussure H (1872b) Recherches Zoologiques pour servir à l‘histoire de la Faune de l‘Amerique Centrale et du Mexique. Études sur les Myriapodes et les insectes, famille des Mantides. Mission Mexico 6(4): 202-295.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Stål C (1877) Systema Mantodeorum. Essai d‘une systematisation nouvelle des Mantodées. Bihang till Kongl. Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens handlinger 4(10): 1-91.
  10. ↑ Westwood J (1889) Revisio Insectorum Familiae Mantidarum, speciebus novis aut minus cognitis descriptis et delineatis. Gurney and Jackson, London, 55 pp.
  11. ↑ Brunner de Wattenwyl K (1893) Revision du système des Orthoptères et description des espèces rapportés par M. LEONARDO FEA de Birmanie. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova 13(33): 1-230.
  12. ↑ Saussure H, Zehntner L (1894) Biologia Centrali - Americana. Insecta - Orthoptera - Mantidae. 1: 123-197.
  13. ↑ Saussure H, Zehntner L (1895) Histoire Naturelle des Orthoptères (Blattides et Mantides). In: Grandidier A (Ed) Histoire-Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar. Histoire Naturelle 23: 147-244.
  14. ↑ Badenoch L (1899) True Tales of the Insects. E.P. Dutton & Co., New York, 255 pp.
  15. ↑ Scudder S (1901) Alphabetical Index to North American Orthoptera Described in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 6: 1-436.
  16. ↑ Waterhouse C (1902) Index Zoologicus. Gurney & Jackson, London, 420 pp.
  17. ↑ Rehn J (1903) A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Orthoptera of Mexico and Central America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 29(1): 1-34.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Kirby W (1904) A synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. I. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria). Vol. 1. British Museum, Nat. Hist., London, 501 pp.
  19. ↑ Bruner L (1906) Report on the Orthoptera of Trinidad, West-Indies. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 14(3): 135-168.
  20. ↑ Werner F (1906) Zur Kenntnis afrikanischen Mantodeen. Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg 62(34): 361-377.
  21. ↑ Werner F (1908) Zur Kenntnis der afrikanischen Mantodeen. Bericht der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main 39: 31-56.
  22. ↑ Werner F (1909) Bemerkungen über die geographische Verbreitung der Mantodeen (Fangheuschrecken). Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 59: 70-81.
  23. ↑ Chopard L (1911) Contribution de la faune des Orthoptères de la Guyane française. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 80: 315-350.
  24. ↑ Carl J (1914) Orthoptères de Madagascar (Planéroptérides et Pseudophyllides). I. Considérations zoogéographiques. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 22(6): 147-177.
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  26. ↑ Werner F (1916) Zur Kenntnis afrikanischer und indischer Mantodeen. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 66: 254-296.
  27. ↑ Caudell A (1918) On a collection of Orthoptera (Exclusive of the Locustidae) made in Central Peru by N. Iconnicoff and C. SCHUNKE. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 6(1-3): 1-70.
  28. ↑ Hebard M (1919a) The Blattidae of Panama. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 4: 1-148.
  29. ↑ Hebard M (1919b) Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. First Paper. Dermaptera and Orthopterous Families Blattidae, Mantidae and Phasmidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 45(2): 89-179.
  30. ↑ Hebard M (1924) Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Ecuador. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 76: 109-248.
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  33. ↑ Hebard M (1932) New species and Records of Mexican Orthoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 58: 201-371.
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  39. ↑ Hughes-Schrader S (1943) Polarization, kinetochore movements, and bivalent structure in the meiosis of male mantids. The Biological Bulletin 84: 265-300. doi: 10.2307/1538227
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  41. ↑ Rehn J (1950) Three new Central-American Mantoidea - Orthoptera. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Philadelphia 76: 363-383.
  42. ↑ Hughes-Schrader S (1950) The Chromosomes of Mantids (Orthoptera: Manteidae) in Relation to Taxonomy. Chromosoma 4: 1-55. doi: 10.1007/BF00325766
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  44. ↑ Beebe W, Crane J, Hughes-Schrader S (1952) An Annotated List of the Mantids (Orthoptera, Mantoidea) of Trinidad, B.W.I. Zoologica: New York Zoological Society 37(4): 245-258.
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  46. ↑ Hughes-Schrader S (1953) The Nuclear Content of Desoxyribonucleic Acid and Interspecific Relationships in the Mantid Genus Liturgousa (Orthoptera: Mantoidea). Chromosoma 5: 544–554. doi: 10.1007/BF01271501
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Images

Figure 1. Liturgusa habitus of live specimens: A Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1935, female from Nicaragua B Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n., female from Bolivia C Liturgusa nubeculosa Gerstaecker, 1889, female from Bolivia D ootheca of unknown species of Liturgusa.
Figure 1. Liturgusa habitus of live specimens: A Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1935, female from Nicaragua B Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n., female from Bolivia C Liturgusa nubeculosa Gerstaecker, 1889, female from Bolivia D ootheca of unknown species of Liturgusa. 
Figure 6. Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939, dorsal habitus: A neotype male from Iwokrama, Guyana (CAS 021) B female from Manaus, Brazil (AMNH 027).
Figure 6. Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939, dorsal habitus: A neotype male from Iwokrama, Guyana (CAS 021) B female from Manaus, Brazil (AMNH 027). 
Figure 7. Liturgusa, dorsal habitus: A Liturgusa neblina sp. n., holotype female from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela (USNM 006) B Liturgusa maroni sp. n., holotype female from St. Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana (MNHN 019).
Figure 7. Liturgusa, dorsal habitus: A Liturgusa neblina sp. n., holotype female from Cerro de la Neblina, Venezuela (USNM 006) B Liturgusa maroni sp. n., holotype female from St. Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana (MNHN 019). 
Figure 10. Liturgusa fossetti sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Panama (CLEV GSMC003836) B allotype female from Nicaragua (CLEV GSMC003425).
Figure 10. Liturgusa fossetti sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Panama (CLEV GSMC003836) B allotype female from Nicaragua (CLEV GSMC003425). 
Figure 11. Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Santa Cruz, Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000281) B allotype female from Santa Cruz, Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000274).
Figure 11. Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Santa Cruz, Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000281) B allotype female from Santa Cruz, Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000274). 
Figure 12. Liturgusa, dorsal habitus: A Liturgusa manausensis sp. n., holotype male from north of Manaus, Brazil (USNM 001) B Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894, illustration of female from Peru by Julio Rivera.
Figure 12. Liturgusa, dorsal habitus: A Liturgusa manausensis sp. n., holotype male from north of Manaus, Brazil (USNM 001) B Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894, illustration of female from Peru by Julio Rivera. 
Figure 13. Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894, dorsal habitus: A male from Nicaragua (CLEV GSMC003431) B female from Costa Rica (ZMUH 018).
Figure 13. Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894, dorsal habitus: A male from Nicaragua (CLEV GSMC003431) B female from Costa Rica (ZMUH 018). 
Figure 16. Liturgusa tessae sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from San Miguel, Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000263) B allotype female from Tambopata, Peru (CLEV GSMC000265).
Figure 16. Liturgusa tessae sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from San Miguel, Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000263) B allotype female from Tambopata, Peru (CLEV GSMC000265). 
Figure 17. Liturgusa trinidadensis sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Trinidad (ANSP 035) B allotype female from Caparo, Trinidad (ANSP 099).
Figure 17. Liturgusa trinidadensis sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Trinidad (ANSP 035) B allotype female from Caparo, Trinidad (ANSP 099). 
Figure 19. Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1950, dorsal habitus: A paratype male from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (ANSP 061) B paratype female from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (ANSP 070).
Figure 19. Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1950, dorsal habitus: A paratype male from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (ANSP 061) B paratype female from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (ANSP 070). 
Figure 20. Liturgusa dominica sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Dominica (USNM 036) B allotype female from Dominica (USNM 034).
Figure 20. Liturgusa dominica sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Dominica (USNM 036) B allotype female from Dominica (USNM 034). 
Figure 21. Liturgusa dominica sp. n., ootheca: A dorsal B lateral.
Figure 21. Liturgusa dominica sp. n., ootheca: A dorsal B lateral. 
Figure 22. Liturgusa milleri sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Kaw Mountain, French Guiana (CLEV GSMC000264) B allotype female from Kaw Mountain, French Guiana (CLEV GSMC000260).
Figure 22. Liturgusa milleri sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Kaw Mountain, French Guiana (CLEV GSMC000264) B allotype female from Kaw Mountain, French Guiana (CLEV GSMC000260). 
Figure 23. Liturgusa actuosa Rehn, 1950, dorsal habitus: A male from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (USNM 012) B female from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (CAS 011).
Figure 23. Liturgusa actuosa Rehn, 1950, dorsal habitus: A male from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (USNM 012) B female from Barro Colorado Island, Panama (CAS 011). 
Figure 24. Liturgusa algorei sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Loreto, Peru (CLEV GSMC004007) B allotype female from Loreto, Peru (CLEV GSMC004011).
Figure 24. Liturgusa algorei sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Loreto, Peru (CLEV GSMC004007) B allotype female from Loreto, Peru (CLEV GSMC004011). 
Figure 25. Liturgusa cameroni sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Guyana (ANSP 047) B allotype female from Maracay, Venezuela (CAS 003).
Figure 25. Liturgusa cameroni sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Guyana (ANSP 047) B allotype female from Maracay, Venezuela (CAS 003). 
Figure 26. Liturgusa krattorum sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Loreto, Peru (CLEV GSMC004004) B allotype female from Loreto, Peru (CLEV GSMC004032).
Figure 26. Liturgusa krattorum sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Loreto, Peru (CLEV GSMC004004) B allotype female from Loreto, Peru (CLEV GSMC004032). 
Figure 27. Liturgusa nubeculosa Gerstaecker, 1889, dorsal habitus: A male from Loreto, Peru (CLEV GSMC004012) B female from Santa Cruz, Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000263).
Figure 27. Liturgusa nubeculosa Gerstaecker, 1889, dorsal habitus: A male from Loreto, Peru (CLEV GSMC004012) B female from Santa Cruz, Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000263). 
Figure 29. Liturgusa purus sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Rio Purus, Brazil (ANSP 101) B allotype female from Rio Purus (ANSP 103).
Figure 29. Liturgusa purus sp. n., dorsal habitus: A holotype male from Rio Purus, Brazil (ANSP 101) B allotype female from Rio Purus (ANSP 103). 
Figure 47. Liturgusa, dorsal perspective of the pronotum (scale bar = 1 mm). Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869: A male B female. Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889: C male D female. Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939: E male F female. Liturgusa neblina sp. n.: G female. Liturgusa bororum sp. n.: H male I female. Liturgusa cura sp. n.: J male K female. Liturgusa fossetti sp. n.: L male M female. Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n.: N male O female. Liturgusa manausensis sp. n.: P male. Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894: Q male R female. Liturgusa tessae sp. n.: S male T female.
Figure 47. Liturgusa, dorsal perspective of the pronotum (scale bar = 1 mm). Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869: A male B female. Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889: C male D female. Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939: E male F female. Liturgusa neblina sp. n.: G female. Liturgusa bororum sp. n.: H male I female. Liturgusa cura sp. n.: J male K female. Liturgusa fossetti sp. n.: L male M female. Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n.: N male O female. Liturgusa manausensis sp. n.: P male. Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894: Q male R female. Liturgusa tessae sp. n.: S male T female. 
Figure 48. Liturgusa, dorsal perspective of the pronotum (scale bar = 1 mm). Liturgusa stiewei sp. n.: A male B female. Liturgusa trinidadensis sp. n.: C male D female. Liturgusa zoae sp. n.: E male F female. Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1950: G male H female. Liturgusa dominica sp. n.: I male J female. Liturgusa milleri sp. n.: K male L female.
Figure 48. Liturgusa, dorsal perspective of the pronotum (scale bar = 1 mm). Liturgusa stiewei sp. n.: A male B female. Liturgusa trinidadensis sp. n.: C male D female. Liturgusa zoae sp. n.: E male F female. Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1950: G male H female. Liturgusa dominica sp. n.: I male J female. Liturgusa milleri sp. n.: K male L female. 
Figure 49. Liturgusa, dorsal perspective of the pronotum (scale bar = 1 mm). Liturgusa actuosa Rehn, 1950: A male B female. Liturgusa algorei sp. n.: C male D female. Liturgusa cameroni sp. n.: E male F female. Liturgusa krattorum sp. n.: G male H female. Liturgusa maroni sp. n.: I female. Liturgusa purus sp. n.: J male. Liturgusa nubeculosa Gerstaecker, 1889: K male L female.
Figure 49. Liturgusa, dorsal perspective of the pronotum (scale bar = 1 mm). Liturgusa actuosa Rehn, 1950: A male B female. Liturgusa algorei sp. n.: C male D female. Liturgusa cameroni sp. n.: E male F female. Liturgusa krattorum sp. n.: G male H female. Liturgusa maroni sp. n.: I female. Liturgusa purus sp. n.: J male. Liturgusa nubeculosa Gerstaecker, 1889: K male L female. 
Figure 51. Liturgusa, male genital complex from the ventral perspective (scale bar = 1 mm, but all secondary illustrations 60% of scale (e.g. B.2 and B.3). Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869: A.1 French Guiana (ANSP 055) A.2 French Guiana (MNHN 074). Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889: B.1 Peru (CAS 005) B.2 Peru (CLEV GSMC000259) B.3 Peru (CAS 010) B.4 Peru (MEKRB 010). Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939: C.1 Guyana (CAS 017). Liturgusa bororum sp. n.: D.1 Holotype from Peru (MNHN 038). Liturgusa cura sp. n.: E.1 Holotype from Venezuela (ANSP 082). Liturgusa fossetti sp. n.: F.1 Paratype from Panama (CAS 020). Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n.: G.1 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000276) G.2 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000279) G.3 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000283) G.4 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000282). Liturgusa manausensis sp. n.: H.1 Holotype from Brazil (USNM 001). Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894: I.1 Colombia (AMNH 011) I.2 Peru (ANSP 038) I.3 Venezuela (AMNH 023) I.4 Guatemala (USNM 014). Liturgusa tessae sp. n.: J.1 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000268) J.2 Paratype from Brazil (ZMHB 004) J.3 Paratype from Brazil (USNM 007) J.4 Paratype from Brazil (MNHN 086) J.5 Paratype from Brazil (ANSP 110); J.6 Paratype from Brazil (ANSP 109).
Figure 51. Liturgusa, male genital complex from the ventral perspective (scale bar = 1 mm, but all secondary illustrations 60% of scale (e.g. B.2 and B.3). Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869: A.1 French Guiana (ANSP 055) A.2 French Guiana (MNHN 074). Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889: B.1 Peru (CAS 005) B.2 Peru (CLEV GSMC000259) B.3 Peru (CAS 010) B.4 Peru (MEKRB 010). Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939: C.1 Guyana (CAS 017). Liturgusa bororum sp. n.: D.1 Holotype from Peru (MNHN 038). Liturgusa cura sp. n.: E.1 Holotype from Venezuela (ANSP 082). Liturgusa fossetti sp. n.: F.1 Paratype from Panama (CAS 020). Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n.: G.1 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000276) G.2 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000279) G.3 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000283) G.4 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000282). Liturgusa manausensis sp. n.: H.1 Holotype from Brazil (USNM 001). Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894: I.1 Colombia (AMNH 011) I.2 Peru (ANSP 038) I.3 Venezuela (AMNH 023) I.4 Guatemala (USNM 014). Liturgusa tessae sp. n.: J.1 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000268) J.2 Paratype from Brazil (ZMHB 004) J.3 Paratype from Brazil (USNM 007) J.4 Paratype from Brazil (MNHN 086) J.5 Paratype from Brazil (ANSP 110); J.6 Paratype from Brazil (ANSP 109). 
Figure 52. Liturgusa, male genital complex from the ventral perspective (scale bar = 1 mm, but all secondary illustrations 60% of scale (e.g. A.2 and A.3). Liturgusa trinidadensis sp. n.: A.1 Paratype from Trinidad (ANSP 002) A.2 Paratype from Trinidad (ANSP 036) A.3 Paratype from Trinidad (ANSP 085) A.4 Paratype from Trinidad (ANSP 037) A.5 Paratype from Trinidad (USNM 019). Liturgusa zoae sp. n.: B.1 Holotype from Guatemala (USNM 062). Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1935: C.1 Panama (ANSP 060) C.2 Panama (ANSP 062) C.3 Panama (ANSP 063). Liturgusa dominica sp. n.: D.1 Paratype from Dominica (USNM 042). Liturgusa milleri sp. n.: E.1 Paratype from French Guiana (MNHN 035). Liturgusa actuosa Rehn, 1950: F.1 Panama (ANSP 044) F.2 Panama (USNM 012) F.3 Panama (CAS 006). Liturgusa algorei sp. n.: G.1 Paratype from Ecuador (MNHN 037) G.2 Holotype from Peru (MNHN 095). Liturgusa cameroni sp. n.: H.1 Paratype from Venezuela (AMNH 017). Liturgusa krattorum sp. n.: I.1 Paratype from Peru (MNHN 024). Liturgusa nubeculosa Gerstaecker, 1889: J.1 Colombia (USNM 009) J.2 Ecuador (USNM 068). Liturgusa purus sp. n.: K.1 Holotype from Brazil (ANSP 101).
Figure 52. Liturgusa, male genital complex from the ventral perspective (scale bar = 1 mm, but all secondary illustrations 60% of scale (e.g. A.2 and A.3). Liturgusa trinidadensis sp. n.: A.1 Paratype from Trinidad (ANSP 002) A.2 Paratype from Trinidad (ANSP 036) A.3 Paratype from Trinidad (ANSP 085) A.4 Paratype from Trinidad (ANSP 037) A.5 Paratype from Trinidad (USNM 019). Liturgusa zoae sp. n.: B.1 Holotype from Guatemala (USNM 062). Liturgusa cursor Rehn, 1935: C.1 Panama (ANSP 060) C.2 Panama (ANSP 062) C.3 Panama (ANSP 063). Liturgusa dominica sp. n.: D.1 Paratype from Dominica (USNM 042). Liturgusa milleri sp. n.: E.1 Paratype from French Guiana (MNHN 035). Liturgusa actuosa Rehn, 1950: F.1 Panama (ANSP 044) F.2 Panama (USNM 012) F.3 Panama (CAS 006). Liturgusa algorei sp. n.: G.1 Paratype from Ecuador (MNHN 037) G.2 Holotype from Peru (MNHN 095). Liturgusa cameroni sp. n.: H.1 Paratype from Venezuela (AMNH 017). Liturgusa krattorum sp. n.: I.1 Paratype from Peru (MNHN 024). Liturgusa nubeculosa Gerstaecker, 1889: J.1 Colombia (USNM 009) J.2 Ecuador (USNM 068). Liturgusa purus sp. n.: K.1 Holotype from Brazil (ANSP 101). 
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