Liturgusa cayennensis

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Svenson G (2014) Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini). ZooKeys 390 : 1–214, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42710, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Liturgusa_cayennensis&oldid=42710 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Svenson2014ZooKeys390,
author = {Svenson, Gavin J.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)},
year = {2014},
volume = {390},
issue = {},
pages = {1--214},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.390.6661},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/6661/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42710, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Liturgusa_cayennensis&oldid=42710 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)
A1 - Svenson G
Y1 - 2014
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 390
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.390.6661
SP - 1
EP - 214
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42710, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Liturgusa_cayennensis&oldid=42710 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.390.6661

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Svenson2014ZooKeys390">{{Citation
| author = Svenson G
| title = Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2014
| volume = 390
| issue =
| pages = 1--214
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.390.6661
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/6661/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2025-04-04

}} Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42710, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Liturgusa_cayennensis&oldid=42710 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Mantodea
Familia: Liturgusidae
Genus: Liturgusa

Name

Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

  • Liturgousa cayennensis: Saussure 1869[1]: 62; Brauer 1870[2]: 92; Saussure 1871b[3]: 101–102; Saussure and Zehntner 1894[4]: 159–160; Westwood 1889[5]: 5, 50; Scudder 1901[6]: 159, 407; Kirby 1904[7]: 271; Chopard 1911[8]: 323; Chopard 1916[9]: 164; Hebard 1919a[10]: 31; Hebard 1924[11]: 131; Hebard 1929[12]: 399; Hebard 1933[13]: 29; Rehn 1935[14]: 198; Beebe et al. 1952[15]: 246; Cerdá 1996[16]: 75–76; Roy and Cuche 2008[17]: 8, 21.
  • Liturgusa cayennensis: Hebard 1922[18]: 337; Giglio-Tos 1927[19]: 293; Beier 1935[20]: 11; Jantsch 1991[21]: 125; Terra 1995[22]: 53; Jantsch 1999[23]: 47–48; Salazar E. 2000[24]: 67; Lombardo and Agabiti 2001[25]: 90, 96; Salazar E. 2002[26]: 124; Ehrmann 2002[27]: 206; Agudelo 2004[28]: 55, Table 3.1; Agudelo 2005[29]: 3; Otte and Spearman 2005[30]: 132; Agudelo et al. 2007[31]: 116, 141.
  • Liturgousa cayennesis: Bruner 1906[32]: 143.

Type

Holotype Female. Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland

Type locality

Cayenne. (French Guiana)

Material examined

Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869.

'
Sex Type Country Label Latitude Longitude Code
Male nontype Guyana B.G. 5-1-1923, W. Bank, Dem. R. AMNH 030
Female nontype Guyana Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana, 1921 6.242050, -59.306552 ANSP 046
4 Females nontype Guyana Bartica, British Guiana, H.S. Parish, 1.20.1912 6.405831, -58.625444 ANSP 048-51
Male nontype Suriname Ongelijk, Para, R. Surinam, May‚ 27 ANSP 054
Male nontype French Guiana Guyane Francse, Nouveau Chantier, collection Le Moult, Coll. L. Chopard, 1919, Mai ANSP 055
Female nontype Guyana Guyane, 1907-247. BMNH 007
Male nontype Brazil Mato Grosso, Serra do Roncador, 264 km N. of Xavantina, near base camp, 1967-9, I.R. Bishop, RS/RGS exp. B.M. 1981-312 -12.456161, -52.054393 BMNH 076
Male nontype Guyana New River, 750 ft., 10-20.III.1938, C.A. Hudson 2.543686, -57.583411 BMNH 086
Male nontype French Guiana Kaw Mountain Res., Amazonas Lodge, 4°32'57.8"N, 52°12'49.7"W, 8-19 Feb 2005, Coll: K.B. Miller 4.549389, -52.213806 GSMC000262
Nymph nontype French Guiana Maripasoula, Saul. Campsite Chez Fred‘s, 03°37'42.0"N, 53°12'40.0"WEle:26m, Manicured landscape surrounded by Primary tropical rainforest, Hand collected from leaf litter samples, Dec. 14-15, 2004, Coll: J. Huff 3.628333, -53.211111 GSMC003069
Female nontype French Guiana St-Jean du Maroni, Collection Le Moult, Coll. L. Chopard, 1919, Fevrier 5.487038, -54.008462 MNHN 001
Female nontype French Guiana Nouveau Chantier, collection Le Moult, Coll. L. Chopard, 1919, June MNHN 002
Male nontype French Guiana Cayenne 4.914356, -52.301354 MNHN 005
Female nontype Brazil Amazonas Reserva Biologica do Cuieiras, 50 km. N. Manaus, 15-IV-AU 15-V-1981, M. Descamps, Bresil -2.599556, -60.210631 MNHN 0059
Male nontype French Guiana Cayenne 4.914356, -52.301354 MNHN 007
Female nontype French Guiana Saut Dalles, 24-VIII-1992, P. Peters, Guyane francaise 3.291071, -53.835810 MNHN 0075
Female nontype French Guiana Kourou, Guyane Franc, Coll: A. Bonhoure, 1909, Avril 5.163511, -52.656581 MNHN 011
Female nontype French Guiana St-Jean du Maroni, Collection Le Moult, Coll. L. Chopard, 1919, Decembre 5.487038, -54.008462 MNHN 012
Female nontype French Guiana Nouveau Chantier, collection Le Moult, Coll. L. Chopard, 1919, Novembre MNHN 013
Female nontype French Guiana St-Jean du Maroni, Collection Le Moult, Coll. L. Chopard, 1919, Fevrier 5.487038, -54.008462 MNHN 014
Male nontype French Guiana Petit Saut, 8-II-1994, P.E. Rouland 5.069416, -53.047566 MNHN 034
Female nontype French Guiana Nouveau Chantier, collection Le Moult, Coll. L. Chopard, 1919, Novembre MNHN 050
Male nontype French Guiana Sinnamary, VII-1977, Guyane, M. Descamps rec. 5.370512, -52.960320 MNHN 065
Male nontype French Guiana Nouveau Chantier, collection Le Moult, Coll. L. Chopard, 1919, Mai MNHN 066
Male nontype French Guiana St-Jean du Maroni, Collection Le Moult, Coll. L. Chopard, 1919, Janvier 5.487038, -54.008462 MNHN 070
Male nontype French Guiana St-Jean du Maroni, Collection Le Moult, Coll. L. Chopard, 1919, Janvier 5.487038, -54.008462 MNHN 071
Female nontype French Guiana Pied Saut Parare, 12-VIII-1977, Guyane, M. Descamps Rec. 4.046724, -52.698087 MNHN 083
Female nontype Guyana Mazaruni-Potaro: Waratuk Falls, Potaro R, 1 rainforest 300 ft, 1 Oct 1990, ROM 905028, LD Coote 5.272097, -59.397117 ROM 003
Male nontype Suriname ex. coll. H. Dohrn SDEI 002
Female nontype French Guiana St-Laurent du Maroni, Collection Wm Schaus 5.487038, -54.008462 USNM 033: USNM ENT 00873000
Male nontype Brazil Brasilien Amazonas, Parintins, Dr. F. Knutsen -2.653184, -56.732240 ZMHB 001
Female nontype Brazil Amazonas, oberer Solimoes., Rio Tomantins 9.26, Eing.Nr.33. 1937 ZMUH 005
Male nontype French Guiana unknown MNHN 074

Taxonomic history

The oldest species described within the genus is also the type species for Liturgusa, designated by Kirby in 1904. Although the species was included in numerous taxonomic works, the species was likely confused with numerous others since some of these works focus on regions where Liturgusa cayennensis does not range. Therefore, it is impossible to tell what species they had misidentified as Liturgusa cayennensis. It was Rehn (1935)[14] that first started to notice that Liturgusa cayennensis was more geographically restricted and that many previous records for the species in Central America were not correct. He noticed that it was being confused with Liturgusa maya most often. For Liturgusa, identification has always been a problem and most previous records of Liturgusa cayennensis should be viewed carefully and probably not included within distributional studies.

Diagnosis

A short and stocky species with shortened, rounded forewings, a short and broad pronotum, and a broad abdomen. The forewings are usually asymmetrical in coloration, the darker being rust colored. Most similar to Liturgusa lichenalis, but lacking the prominent posterolateral tergal projections. Both Liturgusa guyana and Liturgusa neblina are similar, but both have a more pronounced constriction in the metazone of the pronotum. Finally, Liturgusa lichenalis is restricted to the western Amazon basin while Liturgusa cayennensis is found in central and eastern regions of the Amazon basin.

Description

Male. (Fig. 3A) N=9: Body length 19.22–22.58 (20.93); forewing length 12.49–14.98 (13.61); hindwing length 10.26–11.37 (10.63); pronotum length 5.31–6.01 (5.60); prozone length 1.68–2.00 (1.79); pronotum width 2.38–2.70 (2.53); pronotum narrow width 1.77–1.98 (1.85); head width 4.84–5.39 (5.03); head vertex to clypeus 1.83–2.07 (1.96); frons width 1.67–1.87 (1.79); frons height 0.64–0.82 (0.72); prothoracic femur length 5.52–6.57 (6.00); mesothoracic femur length 7.14–8.20 (7.43); mesothoracic tibia length 5.34–6.38 (5.70); mesothoracic tarsus length 4.33–5.71 (5.13); metathoracic femur length 6.75–8.36 (7.43); metathoracic tibia length 6.05–8.51 (7.49); metathoracic tarsus length 6.24–8.17 (7.10); pronotal elongation measure 0.30–0.34 (0.32); pronotal shape measure 0.44–0.46 (0.45); head shape measure 0.37–0.40 (0.39); frons shape measure 0.37–0.44 (0.40); anteroventral femoral spine count 12–16 (16); anteroventral tibial spine count 10; posteroventral tibial spine count 7. Head (Fig. 40A): Transverse, the juxta-ocular protuberances small, but pronounced, the apex in the lateral half; the vertex is straight, even with the dorsal margin of the eyes. Frontal suture with a medial carina forming a continuous arc, most pronounced medially, the region just ventral depressed. Ocelli small and protruding on small cuticular mounds, but the region between all three slightly raised; the lateral ocelli oriented outward. The carina on the frons pronounced, the medial region just ventral to the carina depressed. Clypeus transverse, the upper margin convex, the lower margin slightly concave; the central carina strongly pronounced and straight. Antennae pale at the base, the flagellum fading to dark brown just slightly distal to the base. Black band extending straight over the medial carina of the frontal suture, the medial portion of the carina pale; a branch of the black band extends ventro-laterally between the eye and antennal insertion at a forty five degree angle; a branch of the black band extends dorsal-medially from the lateral region of the main transverse band and terminating near the ventral terminus of the parietal suture. Lower region of frons darkened; the clypeus is pale; the mandibles and labrum mostly pale, but with some brown marks; the vertex and juxta-ocular protuberances pale and brown; the area immediately adjacent to lateral ocelli black. Palpi are pale.
Pronotum (Fig. 47A): Short and squat with a moderately defined supra-coxal bulge; dorsal surface entirely smooth. Prozone squat with margins gradually tapering anteriorly to a rounded anterior margin; the lateral margins smooth. Metazone with concave lateral margins, tapering posteriorly until about two thirds distance from supra-coxal bulge then widening gradually to the posterior margin; margins smooth; posterior margin with a slight medial emargination; the dorsal surface of the posterior third of the metazone depressed; two small and elongate bulges present on the dorsal surface near the posterior margin and positioned laterally. Pale with strong black marks across the surface, two prominent black marks laterally just posterior to the supra-coxal sulcus.
Prothoracic Legs: Femur squat and robust with a near straight dorsal margin; strongly defined pale to dark banding on posterior (external) surface; anterior (internal) surface with a very thin black band running medially from the base to terminus, a black mark dorsal to the band at the midpoint, and a dark mark dorsal to the band near the femoral brush; the ventral surface pale. Posterior surface of femur with few tubercles. A shallow femoral pit to accommodate terminal posteroventral tibial spine positioned medial to and exactly between the first two proximal posteroventral spines, but slightly distal to the most distal discoidal spine; pit is pigmented darkly. Posterior prothoracic femoral genicular spine slightly smaller than posteroventral spines, originating distal to the beginning of the genicular lobe. Prothoracic tibial posteroventral spines with the first (proximal) smallest and the fourth through sixth of similar length, the second and third are slightly longer. Prothoracic coxae smooth, the anterior surface with a very small, black mark medially in the proximal half as well as a very small black spot medially towards the distal terminus.
Meso- and Metathoracic Legs: Femora with ventral (posterior) carina; dorsal (anterior) carina pronounced. Mesotarsi with first segment as long as the remaining segments combined.
Wings: Forewings mottled with brown, pale and greenish coloration; the costal region without strongly defined banding, green and brown proximally with some low contrasting bands developing distally; veins are brown with cells being dark brown or light brown; two pale spots are positioned in the proximal quarter of the discoidal region just posterior to the first radial vein; a large pale spot is positioned centrally. Forewings often, but not always asymmetrically colored; one being mottled as described the other is darkened significantly with a black or rust tone, the mottled pattern still visible; extending just beyond or as long as the abdomen. Hindwings opaque brown, the discoidal region more pale proximally; the costal region light brown proximally, darkening distally; the terminus of the discoidal region projecting beyond the distal margin of anal region, the wing appearing slightly elongate.
Abdomen: Broad, widening until the fifth tergite before a gradual posterior narrowing; a smooth, brown and black colored dorsal surface. Tergites without posterolateral tergal projections. Supra-anal plate slightly transverse, a rounded terminus. Subgenital plate irregularly rounded and without styli.
Genital Complex (Fig. 51A.1–A.2): The main body of ventral left sclerite (L4A) with rounded terminus, but with a short, laterally positioned distal process (pda) that is rounded and sometimes projecting at an angle towards the medial axis of the L4A that can create a strongly angled transition from the terminal margin of the L4A to the medial margin of the pda; sometimes a depression on the lateral half is present. The apofisis falloid (afa) of the main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) short, broad and tapering to a point and heavily sclerotized, often curved; the apical process (paa) short, cylindrical and curved, the terminus a rounded end. The right dorsal phallomere (fda) of the first sclerite of right phallomere (R1) tapers to a rounded, membranous terminus; the ventral plate (pia) long with a rough surface, but mostly lacking strongly defined grooves though sometimes present; the ventral process (pva) smooth and tapering to a point distally, one edge straight and the other convex, tooth-like in appearance.

Redescription

Female. (Figs 3B, 4A) N=13: Body length 14.64–32.95 (28.65); forewing length 17.01–20.50 (19.21); hindwing length 14.50–16.43 (15.64); pronotum length 7.03–8.11 (7.70); prozone length 2.23–2.63 (2.46); pronotum width 3.32–4.14 (3.63); pronotum narrow width 2.30–3.09 (2.60); head width 6.40–7.13 (6.81); head vertex to clypeus 2.74–3.10 (2.93); frons width 2.46–2.92 (2.73); frons height 0.98–1.14 (1.07); prothoracic femur length 7.46–9.15 (8.29); mesothoracic femur length 8.41–9.91 (9.12); mesothoracic tibia length 5.34–7.81 (7.05); mesothoracic tarsus length 5.10–7.06 (6.46); metathoracic femur length 8.62–9.78 (9.18); metathoracic tibia length 9.45–10.86 (9.97); metathoracic tarsus length 8.37–9.57 (9.13); pronotal elongation measure 0.31–0.33 (0.32); pronotal shape measure 0.45–0.52 (0.47); head shape measure 0.42–0.44 (0.43); frons shape measure 0.36–0.43 (0.39); anteroventral femoral spine count 15–16 (16); anteroventral tibial spine count 10; posteroventral tibial spine count 7. Head (Fig. 40B): As long as wide, the juxta-ocular protuberances very large, the apex in the middle; the vertex is straight, well above the dorsal margin of the eyes.
Pronotum (Fig. 47B): Dorsal surface entirely smooth except from a rough texture in the posterior quarter, no defined tubercles. Metazone with very few, small tubercles centrally located.
Prothoracic Legs: A shallow femoral pit to accommodate terminal posteroventral tibial spine positioned medial to and exactly between the first two proximal posteroventral spines, and in line with the most distal discoidal spine. Prothoracic tibial posteroventral spines with the first (proximal) smallest and the fourth through sixth of similar length, the second and third are slightly longer (the second much longer than the third). Posterior prothoracic femoral genicular spine much smaller than posteroventral spines, originating distal to the beginning of the genicular lobe.
Meso- and Metathoracic Legs: Femora with expanded ventral (posterior) carina, almost a lamellar expansion; dorsal (anterior) carina very pronounced.
Wings: Forewings with a widened costal region. Forewings extending to the tip of the abdomen or shorter (depends largely on preservation of specimen). Hindwings pale along the anterior margin and the distal terminus of the discoidal region; the discoidal region broadened.
Abdomen: Broad, widening from first segment until the beginning of the distal half (segment 5) when the lateral margins narrow gradually to the terminus, the middle being the broadest region. Tergites without posterolateral tergal projections. Supra-anal plate slightly transverse, and evenly rounded lobe.

Taxon Treatment

  • Svenson, G; 2014: Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini) ZooKeys, 390: 1-214. doi

Other References

  1. ↑ Saussure H (1869) Essai d‘un Système des Mantides. Mittheilungen der Schweizer. entomologischen Gesellsehaft 3(2): 49-73.
  2. ↑ Brauer F (1870) Bericht über die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Insekten während des Jahres 1869. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 36(2): 45-220.
  3. ↑ Saussure H (1871b) Mémoires pour servir à l‘histoire naturelle du Mexique, des Antilles et des États-Unis–IV. Synopsis des Mantides americains. Geenèv & Bâle 1(4): 5-186.
  4. ↑ Saussure H, Zehntner L (1894) Biologia Centrali - Americana. Insecta - Orthoptera - Mantidae. 1: 123-197.
  5. ↑ Westwood J (1889) Revisio Insectorum Familiae Mantidarum, speciebus novis aut minus cognitis descriptis et delineatis. Gurney and Jackson, London, 55 pp.
  6. ↑ Scudder S (1901) Alphabetical Index to North American Orthoptera Described in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History 6: 1-436.
  7. ↑ Kirby W (1904) A synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. I. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria). Vol. 1. British Museum, Nat. Hist., London, 501 pp.
  8. ↑ Chopard L (1911) Contribution de la faune des Orthoptères de la Guyane française. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 80: 315-350.
  9. ↑ Chopard L (1916) Étude des Mantides Américains. Collection I. BOLIVAR. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 85: 161-187.
  10. ↑ Hebard M (1919a) The Blattidae of Panama. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 4: 1-148.
  11. ↑ Hebard M (1924) Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Ecuador. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 76: 109-248.
  12. ↑ Hebard M (1929) Supplementary notes on Panamanian Dermaptera and Orthoptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 55(4): 389-400.
  13. ↑ Hebard M (1933) Studies in the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Colombia. Supplement to Papers One to Five. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 59(1): 13-67.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Rehn J (1935) The Orthoptera of Costa Rica. Part I.- Mantidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87: 167-271.
  15. ↑ Beebe W, Crane J, Hughes-Schrader S (1952) An Annotated List of the Mantids (Orthoptera, Mantoidea) of Trinidad, B.W.I. Zoologica: New York Zoological Society 37(4): 245-258.
  16. ↑ Cerdá F (1996) Mantodea de Venezuela. Generos y Lista Preliminar de Especies Parte II: Familia Mantidae (Subfamilias Liturgousinae y Thespinae). Boletín de Entomología Venezolana 11(2): 73-87.
  17. ↑ Roy R, Cuche T (2008) Catalogue du matériel type des mantes conservé au Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève (Insecta: Mantodea). Revue suisse de Zoologie 115(1): 3-24.
  18. ↑ Hebard M (1922) Studies in the Mantidae and Phasmidae of Panama (Orthoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 48(4): 327-362.
  19. ↑ Giglio-Tos E (1927) Mantidae. In: Das Tierreich. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 707 pp.
  20. ↑ Beier M (1935) Mantodea, Fam. Mantidae, Subfam. Mantinae. Genera Insectorum de P. Wytsman 203 Fascicule, 154 pp.
  21. ↑ Jantsch L (1991) Lista dos Mantódeos Coletados na Ilha de Maracá. Acta Amazonica 21: 123-130.
  22. ↑ Terra P (1995) Revisao Sistematica Dos Generos De Louva-A-Deus Da Regiao Neotropical (Mantodea). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 39(1): 13-94.
  23. ↑ Jantsch L (1999) Estudos filogenéticos em Mantódeos americanos (Insecta: Pterygota: Mantodea). PUCRS, Doutorado, Porto Alegre, 138 pp.
  24. ↑ Salazar E (2000) Mantidos contenidos en la colección entomologica „FRANCISCO LUIS GALLEGO“ Facultad de Agronomía Universidad Nacional, sede Medellin, Antioquía (Insec-ta: Mantodea). Part I. Boletin Cientifico Museo de Historia Natural Universidad de Caldas 4: 63-69.
  25. ↑ Lombardo F, Agabiti B (2001) The Mantids from Ecuador, with Some Biogeographic Considerations. Journal of Orthoptera Research 10(1): 89-104. doi: [0089:TMFEWS2.0.CO;2 10.1665/1082-6467(2001)010[0089:TMFEWS]2.0.CO;2]
  26. ↑ Salazar E (2002) Lista de los Mantodea (Insecta) Conocidos para Colombia. Biota Colombiana 3(1): 119-130.
  27. ↑ Ehrmann R (2002) Mantodea: Gottesanbeterinnen der Welt. Natur und Tier–Verlag GmbH, Münster, 519 pp.
  28. ↑ Agudelo R (2004) Mántidos de Colombia (Dictyoptera: Mantodea). In: Fernández C Gonzalo A Amat G (Eds) Insectos de Colombia. Universidad Nacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Bogota, 43-60.
  29. ↑ Agudelo R (2005) Relatorio de Identificacao da Colecao de Louva-a deus (Insecta, Mantodea) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), 5 pp.
  30. ↑ Otte D, Spearman L (2005) Mantida Species File. Catalog of the Mantids of the World. Association of Insect Diversity, Philadelphia, 489 pp.
  31. ↑ Agudelo R, Lombardo F, Jantsch L (2007) Checklist of the Neotropical mantids (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Mantodea). Biota Colombiana 8(2): 105-158.
  32. ↑ Bruner L (1906) Report on the Orthoptera of Trinidad, West-Indies. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 14(3): 135-168.

Images

Figure 3. Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869, dorsal habitus: A male from French Guiana (MNHN 034) B female from Guyana (ANSP 049).
Figure 3. Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869, dorsal habitus: A male from French Guiana (MNHN 034) B female from Guyana (ANSP 049). 
Figure 4. Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869, and Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889, dorsal habitus of types and labels. Liturgusa cayennensis: A holotype female (MHNG) B labels. Liturgusa lichenalis: C holotype female (EMAU) D labels.
Figure 4. Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869, and Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889, dorsal habitus of types and labels. Liturgusa cayennensis: A holotype female (MHNG) B labels. Liturgusa lichenalis: C holotype female (EMAU) D labels. 
Figure 40. Liturgusa, head from the anterior perspective to scale (scale bar = 1 mm). Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869: A male B female. Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889: C male D female. Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939: E male F female. Liturgusa neblina sp. n.: G female.
Figure 40. Liturgusa, head from the anterior perspective to scale (scale bar = 1 mm). Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869: A male B female. Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889: C male D female. Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939: E male F female. Liturgusa neblina sp. n.: G female. 
Figure 47. Liturgusa, dorsal perspective of the pronotum (scale bar = 1 mm). Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869: A male B female. Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889: C male D female. Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939: E male F female. Liturgusa neblina sp. n.: G female. Liturgusa bororum sp. n.: H male I female. Liturgusa cura sp. n.: J male K female. Liturgusa fossetti sp. n.: L male M female. Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n.: N male O female. Liturgusa manausensis sp. n.: P male. Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894: Q male R female. Liturgusa tessae sp. n.: S male T female.
Figure 47. Liturgusa, dorsal perspective of the pronotum (scale bar = 1 mm). Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869: A male B female. Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889: C male D female. Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939: E male F female. Liturgusa neblina sp. n.: G female. Liturgusa bororum sp. n.: H male I female. Liturgusa cura sp. n.: J male K female. Liturgusa fossetti sp. n.: L male M female. Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n.: N male O female. Liturgusa manausensis sp. n.: P male. Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894: Q male R female. Liturgusa tessae sp. n.: S male T female. 
Figure 51. Liturgusa, male genital complex from the ventral perspective (scale bar = 1 mm, but all secondary illustrations 60% of scale (e.g. B.2 and B.3). Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869: A.1 French Guiana (ANSP 055) A.2 French Guiana (MNHN 074). Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889: B.1 Peru (CAS 005) B.2 Peru (CLEV GSMC000259) B.3 Peru (CAS 010) B.4 Peru (MEKRB 010). Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939: C.1 Guyana (CAS 017). Liturgusa bororum sp. n.: D.1 Holotype from Peru (MNHN 038). Liturgusa cura sp. n.: E.1 Holotype from Venezuela (ANSP 082). Liturgusa fossetti sp. n.: F.1 Paratype from Panama (CAS 020). Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n.: G.1 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000276) G.2 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000279) G.3 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000283) G.4 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000282). Liturgusa manausensis sp. n.: H.1 Holotype from Brazil (USNM 001). Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894: I.1 Colombia (AMNH 011) I.2 Peru (ANSP 038) I.3 Venezuela (AMNH 023) I.4 Guatemala (USNM 014). Liturgusa tessae sp. n.: J.1 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000268) J.2 Paratype from Brazil (ZMHB 004) J.3 Paratype from Brazil (USNM 007) J.4 Paratype from Brazil (MNHN 086) J.5 Paratype from Brazil (ANSP 110); J.6 Paratype from Brazil (ANSP 109).
Figure 51. Liturgusa, male genital complex from the ventral perspective (scale bar = 1 mm, but all secondary illustrations 60% of scale (e.g. B.2 and B.3). Liturgusa cayennensis Saussure, 1869: A.1 French Guiana (ANSP 055) A.2 French Guiana (MNHN 074). Liturgusa lichenalis Gerstaecker, 1889: B.1 Peru (CAS 005) B.2 Peru (CLEV GSMC000259) B.3 Peru (CAS 010) B.4 Peru (MEKRB 010). Liturgusa guyanensis La Greca, 1939: C.1 Guyana (CAS 017). Liturgusa bororum sp. n.: D.1 Holotype from Peru (MNHN 038). Liturgusa cura sp. n.: E.1 Holotype from Venezuela (ANSP 082). Liturgusa fossetti sp. n.: F.1 Paratype from Panama (CAS 020). Liturgusa kirtlandi sp. n.: G.1 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000276) G.2 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000279) G.3 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000283) G.4 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000282). Liturgusa manausensis sp. n.: H.1 Holotype from Brazil (USNM 001). Liturgusa maya Saussure & Zehntner, 1894: I.1 Colombia (AMNH 011) I.2 Peru (ANSP 038) I.3 Venezuela (AMNH 023) I.4 Guatemala (USNM 014). Liturgusa tessae sp. n.: J.1 Paratype from Bolivia (CLEV GSMC000268) J.2 Paratype from Brazil (ZMHB 004) J.3 Paratype from Brazil (USNM 007) J.4 Paratype from Brazil (MNHN 086) J.5 Paratype from Brazil (ANSP 110); J.6 Paratype from Brazil (ANSP 109). 
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