Fuga

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Svenson G (2014) Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini). ZooKeys 390 : 1–214, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42758, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Fuga&oldid=42758 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Svenson2014ZooKeys390,
author = {Svenson, Gavin J.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)},
year = {2014},
volume = {390},
issue = {},
pages = {1--214},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.390.6661},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/6661/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42758, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Fuga&oldid=42758 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)
A1 - Svenson G
Y1 - 2014
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 390
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.390.6661
SP - 1
EP - 214
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42758, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Fuga&oldid=42758 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.390.6661

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Svenson2014ZooKeys390">{{Citation
| author = Svenson G
| title = Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini)
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2014
| volume = 390
| issue =
| pages = 1--214
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.390.6661
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/6661/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-13

}} Versioned wiki page: 2014-03-18, version 42758, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Fuga&oldid=42758 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Mantodea
Familia: Liturgusidae

Name

Fuga Svenson, 2014 gen. n. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile

  • Mantis (partim): Audinet Serville 1838: 199.
  • Oxypilus (partim): De Haan 1842[1]: 84.
  • Liturgousa (partim): Saussure 1869[2]: 62; Brauer 1870[3]: 92; Saussure 1871b[4]: 102 (♀ only; partim); Westwood 1889[5]: 4, 49, pl. 2, fig. 3; Kirby 1904[6]: 271; Werner 1906[7]: 372; Chopard 1911[8]: 323; Chopard 1916[9]: 164; Rehn 1935[10]: 199, pl. 8, fig. 4; Hughes-Schrader 1943[11]: 266, 280, Table 1, Figs 19–28; Hughes-Schrader 1948[12]: 267; Hughes-Schrader 1950[13]: 11, Table 1; Cerdá 1996[14]: 75.
  • Liturgusa (partim): Hebard 1922[15]: 337; Giglio-Tos 1927[16]: 294; Beier 1935[17]: 11; Terra 1995[18]: 53, Figs 85–87; Jantsch 1999[19]: 48; Ehrmann 2002[20]: 206; Otte and Spearman 2005[21]: 132; Agudelo et al. 2007[22]: 116, 141.
  • Hagiomantis (partim): Piza 1965[23]: 130; Piza 1966[24]: 8; Terra 1995[18]: 54; Ehrmann 2002[20]: 163–164; Otte and Spearman 2005[21]: 129–130.

Type species

Mantis annulipes Audinet Serville, 1838

Description

Body: The overall coloration of all Fuga species varies with a mottled or camouflage pattern that incorporates black, brown, pale tan, white or grey, and sometimes shades of green. The mottled patterns can be diffuse or highly contrasting with whitish regions abutting black spots or splotches. All species are dorsoventrally flattened with disproportionately long legs in comparison to body length.
Measurement ranges: Male. Body length 18.84–22.11; forewing length 12.76–16.47; hindwing length 10.23–11.89; pronotum length 4.75–6.53; prozone length 1.54–2.12; pronotum width 2.02–2.42; pronotum narrow width 1.66–1.87; head width 4.33–4.88; head vertex to clypeus 1.59–1.86; frons width 1.49–1.63; frons height 0.52–0.65; prothoracic femur length 5.09–6.39; mesothoracic femur length 6.58–8.67; mesothoracic tibia length 5.20–7.00; mesothoracic tarsus length 4.79–6.03; metathoracic femur length 6.33–7.39; metathoracic tibia length 6.86–8.35; metathoracic tarsus length 6.98–9.11; pronotal elongation measure 0.32–0.33; pronotal shape measure 0.37–0.44; head shape measure 0.34–0.38; frons shape measure 0.34–0.40. Female. Body length 21.70–29.89; forewing length 14.89–20.82; hindwing length 12.08–16.07; pronotum length 5.75–7.85; prozone length 1.93–2.62; pronotum width 2.55–3.04; pronotum narrow width 1.98–2.34; head width 5.30–6.14; head vertex to clypeus 2.08–2.39; frons width 1.89–2.32; frons height 0.67–0.88; prothoracic femur length 6.26–8.17; mesothoracic femur length 7.22–9.92; mesothoracic tibia length 5.83–8.28; mesothoracic tarsus length 5.26–7.53; metathoracic femur length 7.24–10.01; metathoracic tibia length 8.07–11.50; metathoracic tarsus length 7.81–11.55; pronotal elongation measure 0.32–0.34; pronotal shape measure 0.36–0.49; head shape measure 0.37–0.41; frons shape measure 0.33–0.40.
Head: Transverse with large, rounded eyes projecting outside the profile of the head both laterally and anteriorly (the anterior margin of the eyes anterior to the central surface of the head). Juxta-ocular protuberances present to varying degrees within males, but always well developed in females. The vertex between the parietal sutures is either straight or concave. Frontal suture with a faint medial carina. Ocelli small in males protruding slightly on a cuticular mound; reduced in females and laying more flat on the surface. Central ocellus oriented anteriorly and lateral ocelli oriented outward, perpendicular to the central axis of the head or at most a few degrees off perpendicular. Frons narrowed between the antennal insertion sites and depressed below the central ocellus; a transverse carina present below the central ocellus, running from lateral margins under the antennal insertion sites medially in a dorsally oriented curve. Upper margin of clypeus convex, lower margin straight; a transverse ridge medially; lateral margins tapering, widest at the upper margin. Labrum with minimal sculpting and a rounded terminus. Antennae filiform and with rare setae, pale or dark or a combination of both, never banded. Varying levels of black markings across the anterior surface of head that can include a transverse band or spots on the lower part of the frons, markings around the ocelli and the vertex, and markings on the clypeus, labrum and mandibles. Palpi are pale or with a darkened terminus.
Pronotum: Slightly elongate (pronotum shape measure 0.36) to squat (pronotum shape measure 0.49) with a moderately defined supra-coxal bulge; dorsal surface smooth or at most with dispersed, fine tubercles. Prozone with lateral margins that are parallel before tapering anteriorly. Metazone with concave lateral margins, always with a middle region that is narrower than the supra-coxal bulge and the posterior end. Coloration highly variable with pale and black markings. Supra-coxal sulcus strongly defined; posterior margin straight or barely medially emarginate.
Prothoracic legs: Femoral spine count of male and female: anteroventral 14–17, posteroventral 4, discoidal 4. Femur robust with a straight or slightly concave dorsal margin; anteroventral and posteroventral (internal and external, respectively) spines well developed; line of small tubercles running medially of the posteroventral spines. A continuous carina running from distal terminus of femur along dorsal margin to the base, circling the posterior surface of the proximal end and running along the ventral margin at the base of the posteroventral spines. Pale to dark banding on posterior (external) surface of femur; anterior (internal) surface entirely black or pale with varying patterns of black markings. Posterior (external) surface of femur smooth or with few tubercles. Well developed femoral pit on the ventral surface to accommodate terminal posteroventral tibial spine positioned between the most proximal posteroventral spine and the most distal discoidal spine; pit is colored black or pale. Prothoracic tibial spine count of male and female: anteroventral 9–10, posteroventral 8. Prothoracic tibial spines robust; the posteroventral spines with the first and second most proximal and fifth through seventh shorter than the longer proximal third, fourth, and terminal spines; the anteroventral spines longest at distal end and shortening proximally, but the sixth and seventh spines from the distal terminal spine longer than adjacent spines. Tarsi banded with pale and dark coloration. Prothoracic coxae smooth with no or a few very minor tubercles or setae along dorsal margin; black markings vary across species.
Meso- and metathoracic legs: Long and slender with pale to dark banding on the femur and tibia; posterior (upper) surface of femora smooth. Femora with ventral (posterior) carina, some species being more pronounced than others; dorsal (anterior) carina less pronounced, but visible. Tibia long and rounded with well developed terminal spurs. Mesotarsi with first segment as long or shorted than the remaining segments combined. Metatarsi with first segment equal to or longer than remaining segments combined.
Wings: Developed in males and females. Forewings mottled with contrasting regions of brown, green, and pale tan, and sometimes dark black; the costal region wide relative to the wing length, the width between 4–8% the total wing length, always with light - dark regular banding. The forewings may be colored asymmetrically, one being mottled as described above while the other is either dark rust or blackened with the mottled pattern still slightly visible (darker wing typically folded under the mottled wing). Hindwings opaque and smoky; the distal terminus of the discoidal region darker than the rest; the costal region can be much darker or paler than the discoidal region depending on species; the terminus of the discoidal region projecting well beyond the distal margin of anal region, making the wing appear pointed or elongate.
Abdomen: Males and females with gradually widening abdomen from first segment until the beginning of the distal half (segments 5–7) when the lateral margins narrow to the terminus, the middle being the broadest region. Posterolateral corners of tergites simple, without projections. Cerci cylindrical, long and setose, tapering to a point. Supra-anal plate long (females) or transverse (males), with a rounded or more pointed terminus. Subgenital plate of male with rounded, slightly irregular terminus; without styli.
Male genital complex: The main body of ventral left sclerite (L4A) with a prominent and curved distal process (pda). The apofisis falloid (afa) of the main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) well sclerotized with a blunt, rounded terminus; the apical process (paa) cylindrical and curved, terminating with a rounded end; with or without a large membranous lobe originating between the apofisis falloid (afa) and the apical process (paa), if present then with or without robust setae. The right dorsal phallomere (fda) of the first sclerite of right phallomere (R1) tapers to a rounded terminus and is mostly membranous with setae; the ventral plate (pia) strongly sclerotized and short, but with a smooth surface; the ventral process (pva) strongly sclerotized and curved.

Ootheca

Unknown for the genus.

Etymology

A noun in apposition, the name is derived from the Latin noun "fuga" meaning flight or escape, and the corresponding verb "fugere" meaning to evade or escape. Many that have collected or attempted to collect these mantises will recognize their ability to disappear on the tree, never to be seen again.

Key to species

Key to species — G. Svenson
1
Anterior (inner) surface of prothoracic femora of males pale with few black markings. Length of forewing of male 13 mm or less (observed range 12.76–13 mm). In females, the terminus of the discoidal region of the hindwing not projecting beyond the anal region, forming a blunt and rounded outer margin 
  Fuga annulipes (Audinet Serville, 1838)
–
Anterior (inner) surface of the prothoracic femora of males entirely black. Length of forewing of male 14 mm or greater (observed range 14.12–16.47 mm). In females, the terminus of the discoidal region of the hindwing projects beyond the outer profile of the anal region, forming a distinct separation from the discoidal and anal regions 
  2
2
Length of forewing of female 17.5 mm or greater (observed range 17.65–20.82 mm). Length of pronotum of male 5.8 mm or greater (observed range 5.87–6.53 mm). The main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) of the male genital complex with a membranous lobe positioned between the apofisis falloid (afa) and the apical process (paa), projecting well beyond the length of the pseudophallus; the lobe with robust, straight setae 
  Fuga fluminensis (Piza, 1965)
–
Length of forewing of female 17.1 mm or less (observed range 15.73–17.04 mm). Length of pronotum of male 5.7 mm or less (observed range 5.33–5.61 mm). The main body of dorsal left sclerite (L4B) of the male genital complex with a membranous bifurcate lobe positioned between the apofisis falloid (afa) and the apical process (paa), projecting well beyond the length of the apofisis falloid (afa); the bifurcate lobe with robust, straight setae positioned at each terminus and in a line along the mid-section 
  Fuga grimaldii sp. n.

Clave Para las Especies

Clave Para las Especies — G. Svenson
1
Cara interna de los fémurs anteriores del macho con unas cuantas marcas negras. Longitud de las alas anteriores del macho igual o menor a 13 mm (rango observado 12.76–13 mm). En las hembras, el ápice de la region discoidal de las alas posteriores no proyectandose más allá de la región anal 
  Fuga annulipes (Audinet Serville, 1838)
–
Cara interna de los fémurs anteriores del macho enteramente negros. Longitud de las alas anteriores del macho igual o mayor a 14 mm (rango observado 14.12–16.47 mm). En las hembras, el terminus de la region discoidal de las alas posteriores se proyecta más allá del margen de la region anal, creándose así una division clara entre ambas regiones 
  2
2
Longitud de las alas anteriores de la hembra mayor a 17.5 mm (rango observado 17.65–20.82 mm). Longitud del pronotum del macho igual o mayor de 5.8 mm (rango 5.87–6.53 mm). Esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) de la genitalia del macho con un lobulo membranáceo ubicado entre el apofisis falloid (afa) y el apical process (paa), proyectandose mas allá de la longitud del apofisis falloid (afa); el lóbulo membranáceo tiene setas robustas y rectas 
  Fuga fluminensis (Piza, 1965)
–
Longitud de las alas anteriores de la hembra igual o menor a 17.1 mm (rango observado 15.73–17.04 mm). Longitud del pronotum del macho igual o menor a 5.7 mm (rango 5.33–5.61 mm). Esclerito dorsal izquierdo (L4B) de la genitalia del macho con un lobulo membranáceo bifurcado ubicado entre el apofisis falloid (afa) y el apical process (paa), proyectandose mas allá de la longitud del apofisis falloid (afa); el lóbulo bifurcado es robusto, con setas robustas y rectas en ambos extremos 
  Fuga grimaldii sp. n.

Original Description

  • Svenson, G; 2014: Revision of the Neotropical bark mantis genus Liturgusa Saussure, 1869 (Insecta, Mantodea, Liturgusini) ZooKeys, 390: 1-214. doi

Other References

  1. ↑ De Haan W (1842) Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Orthoptera Zoologie. In: Temminck K (Ed) Verhanlingen over de Natuurlike Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche Overzeesche Bezittingers. Natuurkuundige Commissie in Indie, Leiden, 45-248.
  2. ↑ Saussure H (1869) Essai d‘un Système des Mantides. Mittheilungen der Schweizer. entomologischen Gesellsehaft 3(2): 49-73.
  3. ↑ Brauer F (1870) Bericht über die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Insekten während des Jahres 1869. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 36(2): 45-220.
  4. ↑ Saussure H (1871b) Mémoires pour servir à l‘histoire naturelle du Mexique, des Antilles et des États-Unis–IV. Synopsis des Mantides americains. Geenèv & Bâle 1(4): 5-186.
  5. ↑ Westwood J (1889) Revisio Insectorum Familiae Mantidarum, speciebus novis aut minus cognitis descriptis et delineatis. Gurney and Jackson, London, 55 pp.
  6. ↑ Kirby W (1904) A synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. I. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria). Vol. 1. British Museum, Nat. Hist., London, 501 pp.
  7. ↑ Werner F (1906) Zur Kenntnis afrikanischen Mantodeen. Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg 62(34): 361-377.
  8. ↑ Chopard L (1911) Contribution de la faune des Orthoptères de la Guyane française. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 80: 315-350.
  9. ↑ Chopard L (1916) Étude des Mantides Américains. Collection I. BOLIVAR. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 85: 161-187.
  10. ↑ Rehn J (1935) The Orthoptera of Costa Rica. Part I.- Mantidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 87: 167-271.
  11. ↑ Hughes-Schrader S (1943) Polarization, kinetochore movements, and bivalent structure in the meiosis of male mantids. The Biological Bulletin 84: 265-300. doi: 10.2307/1538227
  12. ↑ Hughes-Schrader S (1948) Expulsion of the Sex Chromosome from the Spindle in Spermatocytes of a Mantid. Chromosoma 3(4): 257-270.
  13. ↑ Hughes-Schrader S (1950) The Chromosomes of Mantids (Orthoptera: Manteidae) in Relation to Taxonomy. Chromosoma 4: 1-55. doi: 10.1007/BF00325766
  14. ↑ Cerdá F (1996) Mantodea de Venezuela. Generos y Lista Preliminar de Especies Parte II: Familia Mantidae (Subfamilias Liturgousinae y Thespinae). Boletín de Entomología Venezolana 11(2): 73-87.
  15. ↑ Hebard M (1922) Studies in the Mantidae and Phasmidae of Panama (Orthoptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 48(4): 327-362.
  16. ↑ Giglio-Tos E (1927) Mantidae. In: Das Tierreich. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 707 pp.
  17. ↑ Beier M (1935) Mantodea, Fam. Mantidae, Subfam. Mantinae. Genera Insectorum de P. Wytsman 203 Fascicule, 154 pp.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Terra P (1995) Revisao Sistematica Dos Generos De Louva-A-Deus Da Regiao Neotropical (Mantodea). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 39(1): 13-94.
  19. ↑ Jantsch L (1999) Estudos filogenéticos em Mantódeos americanos (Insecta: Pterygota: Mantodea). PUCRS, Doutorado, Porto Alegre, 138 pp.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Ehrmann R (2002) Mantodea: Gottesanbeterinnen der Welt. Natur und Tier–Verlag GmbH, Münster, 519 pp.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Otte D, Spearman L (2005) Mantida Species File. Catalog of the Mantids of the World. Association of Insect Diversity, Philadelphia, 489 pp.
  22. ↑ Agudelo R, Lombardo F, Jantsch L (2007) Checklist of the Neotropical mantids (Insecta, Dictyoptera, Mantodea). Biota Colombiana 8(2): 105-158.
  23. ↑ Piza de Toledo S (1965) Nova Espécie Brasileira de Liturgusina (Mantidae). Revista de Agricultura 40(3): 130.
  24. ↑ Piza de Toledo S (1966) Uma Nova Líturgusinae (Mantidae) do Brasil. Revista de Agricultura 41(1): 8.
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