Buthus occitanus

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Sousa P, Arnedo M, Harris D (2017) Updated catalogue and taxonomic notes on the Old-World scorpion genus Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones, Buthidae). ZooKeys (686) : 15–84, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2017-07-24, version 160825, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Buthus_occitanus&oldid=160825 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Sousa2017ZooKeys,
author = {Sousa, Pedro AND Arnedo, Miquel A. AND Harris, D. James},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Updated catalogue and taxonomic notes on the Old-World scorpion genus Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)},
year = {2017},
volume = {},
issue = {686},
pages = {15--84},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.686.12206},
url = {https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=12206},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2017-07-24, version 160825, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Buthus_occitanus&oldid=160825 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Updated catalogue and taxonomic notes on the Old-World scorpion genus Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)
A1 - Sousa P
A1 - Arnedo M
A1 - Harris D
Y1 - 2017
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL -
IS - 686
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.686.12206
SP - 15
EP - 84
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2017-07-24, version 160825, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Buthus_occitanus&oldid=160825 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.686.12206

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Sousa2017ZooKeys">{{Citation
| author = Sousa P, Arnedo M, Harris D
| title = Updated catalogue and taxonomic notes on the Old-World scorpion genus Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2017
| volume =
| issue = 686
| pages = 15--84
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.686.12206
| url = https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=12206
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2025-04-03

}} Versioned wiki page: 2017-07-24, version 160825, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Buthus_occitanus&oldid=160825 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Scorpiones
Familia: Buthidae
Genus: Buthus

Name

Buthus occitanus (Amoreux, 1789), restricted distribution – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

  • [[|]] = Scorpio rufus: Amoreux 1789a[1]: 42–43 (synonymized by Amoreux 1789b[2], as the first revisor, ICZN article 24.2.2).
  • [[|]] = Androctonus ajax: C. L. Koch 1839b[3]: 53, pl. CXCIII, fig. 467 (synonymized by Simon 1879[4]: 96). Type lost: Spain.
  • [[|]] = Androctonus eurialus: C. L. Koch 1839b[3]: 25–27, pl. CLXXXVII (not pl. CXXXVIl, as listed in the text), fig. 448 (synonymized by Simon 1879[4]: 96). Type lost, France.
  • [[|]] = Androctonus eurilochus: C. L. Koch 1839b[3]: 27–28, pl. CLXXXVII, fig. 449 (synonymized by Kraepelin 1891[5]: 196). Type lost, locality unknown.
  • [[|]] = Buthus europaeus: Thorell 1876b[6]: 7. Type is the lost Linnaeus (1748[7], 1754[8]), specimen, purportedly from Italy (see the above “type species of Buthus“ section and Fet et al. 2002[9]).
  • tridentatus = Buthus europaeus tridentatus: Franganillo 1918[10]: 122–123 (syn. n.). Type unknown, Janvier, Navarre, Spain.
  • Scorpio occitanus: Amoreux 1789a[1]: 42–43, pl. I, fig. 2; Amoreux 1789b[2]: 10–16, pl. I. fig. 3; Herbst 1800[11]: 73–82: Latreille 1804[12]: 122; Latreille 1806[13]: 132; Maccary 1810[14]: 5–48; Audouin 1826[15]: 172–173, pl. VIII, fig. 1; Audouin 1827[16]: 410–411, pl. VIII, fig. 1; Dufour 1856[17] (part): 570.
  • Androctonus ajax: C. L. Koch 1850[18]: 90.
  • Androctonus euryalus (ISS): C. L. Koch 1850[18]: 90.
  • Androctonus eurylochus (ISS): C. L. Koch 1850[18]: 90; Kraepelin 1891[5]: 196.
  • Androctonus (Prionurus) occitanus: Lankester 1885[19]: 380.
  • Buthus europaeus: Karsch 1879[20]a: 18; Simon 1879[4]: 96–98; Pavesi 1880[21]: 312–313; Simon 1880[22]c: 29; Pavesi 1884[23]: 450; Pavesi 1885[24]: 197, 199; Simon 1885[25]: 51; Pocock 1889a[26]: 116; Thorell 1893[27]: 358–359; Birula 1896[28]: 241–243; Birula 1900[29]c: 9; Hirst 1925[30] (part): 415–416; Gadeau de Kerville 1926: 71; Bacelar 1928[31]: 191; Hugues 1933: 487–488.
  • Buthus occitanicus (ISS): Dalla Torre 1905[32]: 3; Táborský 1934[33]: 40.
  • Buthus occitanus: Leach 1815[34]: 391; Risso 1826[35]: 156–157; Peters 1861[36]b: 513; Karsch 1881a[37]: 89; Kraepelin 1891[5] (part): 196–199 (part), pl. I, fig. 5, plI., fig. 18; Kraepelin 1895[38]: 80; Kraepelin 1899[39]: 26; Kraepelin 1901[40]a (part): 266; Werner 1902[41] (part): 598; Birula 1910[42]: 118–120; Masi 1912[43]: 101; Borelli 1914b[44]: 460; Lampe 1917[45]: 191; Pavlovsky 1924[46]: 77; Pavlovsky 1925[47]: 140; Werner 1925[48]: 209; Werner 1936[49]: 173; Schenkel 1938[50]: 4; Feytaud 1940[51]: 38–39; Vachon 1940[52]: 242–247, 254–258, fig. 1–9, 29, 33, 61–64; Käsmer 1941: 231; Denis 1948[53]: 155–156; Vachon 1948c[54]: 61, fig. 5; Vachon 1949a[55]: 156–160, fig. 331–344, 348, 372–380; Vachon 1950b[56]: fig. 591; Vachon 1951a[57]: fig. 641, 657, 663, 679, 687, 696; Vachon 1951b[58]: 621–623; Vachon 1952a[59]: 264; Vachon 1952b[60]: 274–279; Vachon 1961[61]: 31–32; Bücherl 1964[62]: 57; Pérez 1974[63]: 22; Vachon 1974[64]: 873; Goulliart 1979: 2; Levy and Amitai 1980[65] (part): 15–16; Kinzelbach 1982[66]: 53; Prost 1982[67]: 5; Mari et al. 1987[68]; Sissom 1990[69]: 92, fig. 3.17C, L; Kovařík 1992a[70] (part): 183; Reichholf and Steinbach 1992[71]: 33, fig. 4–5; Crucitti 1993[72]: 51; Crucitti et al. 1994: 57–66; Vincent 1994[73]: 6; Crucitti and Chinè 1995: 15–26; Braunwalder 1997[74]b: 3; Crucitti and Chinè 1997: 195–200; Cloudsley-Thompson and Lourenço 1998[75]: 1–2; Kovařík 1998[76]: 106; Kovařík 1999[77] (part): 39, 42, fig. 3; Fet and Lowe 2000[78] (part): 92–94; Lourenço 2003[79] (part): 884, 886–887, fig. 27–32; Lourenço and Vachon 2004[80]: 83–85, fig. 1–15; Kovařík and Whitman 2005 (part): 106; Teruel and Pérez-Bote 2005[81]: 276; Castilla and Pons 2007[82]: 258; Dupré et al. 2008: (pages unnumbered); Sousa et al. 2010[83]: 207; Colombo 2011[84]: 1; Rossi 2012[85]: 274–278; Pedroso et al. 2013[86]: 300; Rossi, Tropea and Yağmur 2013: 3; Martin-Eauclaire et al. 2014[87]: 56; Teruel and Melic 2015[88]: 6–9; Lourenço 2016b[89]: fig. 2.
  • Buthus occitanus occitanus: Birula 1910[42]: 118; Hadži 1929[90]: 31; Vachon 1949a[55]: 156–160, fig. 331–344; Vachon 1949c[91]: 336; Vachon 1952a[59] (part): 264; Le Corroller 1967: 63; Fet and Lowe 2000[78] (part): 94–95; Gantenbein and Largiadèr 2003[92] (part): 120, 122.
  • Buthus occitanus tridentatus: Fet and Lowe 2000[78]: 97; Kovařík 2001[93]: 79;
  • Buthus (Buthus) occitanus: Birula 1909[94]b: 507; Birula 1910[42]: 143; Birula 1914[95]b: 644–664; Birula 1917a[96]: 22, 38–39, 199, 213.
  • Buthus (Buthus) occitanus occitanus: Roewer 1943[97]: 206.
  • Buthus cf. occitanus: Piñero et al. 2013[98]: 88.
  • Scorpio australis (MIS): Asso 1784[99]: 146, Tab. I, fig. 2.
  • Scorpio (Androctonus) occitanus: Gervais 1844a[100]: 42–44; pl. XXIII, fig. 4.
  • Scorpio occitanicus (ISS): Serres 1822[101]: 65.
  • [[ | ]] Scorpion Occitanus (ISS): Latreille 1817[102]: 105–106.

Type material

type unknown, Souvignargues, Occitanie Region, France.

Distribution

Traditionally, the distribution of B. occitanus was considered to span from the Moroccan Atlantic shores in North Africa to the Middle East in Asia and to Southern-Western Europe. However, following the description of new species in the genus, the present distribution of B. occitanus has been restricted to NE Spain and SW France. Several molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that the species range does not extend beyond Western Europe (Gantenbein and Largiadèr 2003[92], Sousa et al. 2010, 2012, Pedroso et al. 2013[86]). Lourenço and Vachon (2004)[80] and Rossi (2012)[85] include redescriptions of B. occitanus that include only European animals, but Vachon (1952a)[59] also included material from Morocco, which was most likely not conspecific.

Remarks

All material collected outside of the range here proposed should be considered as Buthus sp. Only the re-examination of those specimens could reveal their appropriate identity. Vachon (1952a)[59] included animals from the west (Atlantic) coast of Morocco, from Kenitra to El Jadida, within his definition of B. o. occitanus. As explained above this material is now considered not to be part of B. occitanus and thus remains unnamed. We opted to leave Androctonus eurilochus in synonymy with B. occitanus, despite the uncertain about the species provenance, to help to stabilise the genus’ taxonomy. To further bring stability to Buthus taxonomy we propose Franganillo’s subspecies, B. o. tridentatus, as a junior synonym of B. occitanus. Although the type specimen is not known (if it ever existed as such), its type locality is clearly stated as Javier, in Navarre, Spain. Extensive sampling on the left bank of the Ebro River (Sousa 2017[103]) indicates that only B. occitanus occurs in this part of Spain and hence we here propose this new synonymy.

Taxon Treatment

  • Sousa, P; Arnedo, M; Harris, D; 2017: Updated catalogue and taxonomic notes on the Old-World scorpion genus Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) ZooKeys, (686): 15-84. doi


Other References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Amoreux P (1789a) Description méthodique d'une espèce de scorpion roux commune à Souvignargues en Languedoc et détails historiques à ce sujet. Observations sur la Physique, sur l'Histoire naturelle et sur les Arts. 35: 9–16. http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6071194
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Amoreux P (1789b) Notice des insectes de la France, réputés venimeux. Tirée des ecrits des Naturalistes, des Médecins, and de l'Observation. Rue et Hôtel Serpente, Paris, 302 pp. http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34452155
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Koch C (1839b) Die Arachniden. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. 6. C.H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, 156 pp. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55838.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Simon E (1879) 3e Ordre. Scorpiones Thorell. In: Les Arachnides de France. VII. Les ordes des Chernetes, Scorpiones et Opiliones. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 79–115.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kraepelin K (1891) Revision der Skorpione. I. Die familie der Androctonidae. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 8: 143–286.
  6. ↑ Thorell T (1876b) I.— On the classification of Scorpions. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4th series) 17: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937608681889
  7. ↑ Linnaeus C (1748) Systema naturae, sistens regna tria naturae, in classes et ordines, genera et species. Editio Sexta, Emendata et Aucta. Impensis Godofr. Kiesewetteri, Stockholmiae, 224 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36934
  8. ↑ Linnaeus C (1754) Museum S:ae R:ae M:tis Adolphi Friderici Regis [etc] in quo Animalia rariora imprimis, et exotica quadrupedia, aves, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes describuntur et determinantur, Latine et Svetice cum iconibus. E Typographia Regia, Holmiae [Stockholm], 96 pp. doi: ark:/12148/bpt6k972707
  9. ↑ Fet V, Braunwalder M, Cameron H (2002) Scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) described by Linnaeus. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 12: 176–182.
  10. ↑ Franganillo P (1918) Arácnidos nuevos o hallados por primera vez en España. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica de España 1: 120–123.
  11. ↑ Herbst J (1800) Natursystem der ungeflügelten Insekten. Naturgeschichte der Skorpionen. Gottlieb August Lange, Berlin, 86 pp.
  12. ↑ Latreille P (1804) Histoire des Scorpions. In: Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite aux oeuvres de Leclerc de Buffon, et partie de cours complet d'histoire naturelle rédigée par C. S. Sonnin, member de plusieurs Sociétés savantes. Imprimerie de F. Dufart, Paris, 110–129.
  13. ↑ Latreille P (1806) Familia Tertia. Scorpionides. In: Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Amand Koenig, Parisiis and Argentorati, 130–132.
  14. ↑ Maccary A (1810) Mémoire sur le scorpion qui se trouve sur la montagne de Cette, dé partement de l'Hérault, son venin, et l'usage qu'on pourrait en faire en Médecine. Imprimerie de Froullé, Paris, 48 pp.
  15. ↑ Audouin V (1826) Explication sommaire des planches d'Arachnides de l'Égypte et de la Syrie, publiées par Jules-César Savigny, Membre de l'Institut; offrant un exposé des caractères natureles des genres, avec la distinction des espèces. In: Description de l'Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition de l'armée française, publié par les ordes de Sa Majesté l'empereur Napoléon le Grand. Histoire Naturelle. L'Imprimerie Impériale, Paris, 99–186. http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/jomard1809bd5_1_1?sid=b2853cf0c40b3c782fdc22a191d9050b
  16. ↑ Audouin V (1827) Explication sommaire des planches d'Arachnides de l'Égypte et de la Syrie, publiées par Jules-César Savigny, Membre de l'Institut; offrant un exposé des caractères naturels des genres avec la distinction des espèces. In: Description de l'Égypte ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'expedition de l'armée française. Seconde Édition, Dédiée au Roi, Histoire naturelle, Zoologie, Animaux invertébrés (suite). pp 291–430. Imprimerie de C. L. F. Panckoucke, Paris, 291–430. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k280218/f1.image.r=description de l’egypte.
  17. ↑ Dufour M (1856) Histoire anatomique et physiologique des Scorpions. Mémoires présentés par divers savants à l'Académie des sciences de l'Institut de France 14: 561–656. doi: ark:/12148/bpt6k3319c
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Koch C (1850) Skorpionen. Scorpiones. In: Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Fünftes Heft. Verlag von J. L. Lotzbeck, Nürnberg, 86–92. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/43744.
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  22. ↑ Simon E (1880) M. E. Simon montre quelques Scorpions qui lui ont été donnés par notre confrère M. Reiche, de la part de M. F. de Saulcy, qui les a reçus de Mossoul (ancienne Ninive), sur le Tigre, en Mésopotamie. Annales de la Société Entomologiqe de France, 5eme série 10: 29.
  23. ↑ Pavesi P (1884) Materiali per lo studio della fauna Tunisia raccolta da G. e L. Doria: Aracnidi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 20: 446–486.
  24. ↑ Pavesi P (1885) Aracnidi raccolti dal conte Bouturlin ad Assab e Massaua. Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 17: 197–200.
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  31. ↑ Bacelar A (1928) Aracnídios portuguêses III Catálogo Sistemático dos Aracnídios de Portugal citados por diversos autores (1831–1926). Bulletin de la Société Portugaise des Sciences Naturelles 10: 169–203.
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  33. ↑ Táborský K (1934) Sur les espèces du genre Buthus Leach du Muséum National de Prague (in Czech). Sborník Zoologického Oddĕlení Národního Musea v Praze [Acta Zoologica Musaei Nationalis Pragae] 1: 39–40.
  34. ↑ Leach W (1815) A tabular View of the external Characters of Four Classes of Animals, which Linné arranged under INSECTA; with the Distribution of the Genera composing Three of these Classes into Orders, andc. and Descriptions of several New Genera and Species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 11: 306–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1813.tb00065.x
  35. ↑ Risso A (1826) Les Scorpionides – Histoire Naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Tome cinquième. F.-G. Levrault, Paris, 155–157.
  36. ↑ Peters W (1861) Ueber eine neue Eintheilung der Skorpione und ueber die von ihm in Mossambique gesammelten Arten von Skorpionen, aus welchem hier ein Auszug mitgetheilt wird. Monatsberichte der Königlich preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 507–516.
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  39. ↑ Kraepelin K (1899) Scorpiones und Pedipalpi. Das Tierreich. Herausgegeben von der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft. Dahl F (Ed). Friedländer und Sohn Verlag, Berlin, 265 pp. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enandbtnG=Searchandq=intitle:Scorpiones+und+Pedipalpi#0.
  40. ↑ Kraepelin K (1901) Catalogue des Scorpions des collections du Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Paris. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 7: 265–274.
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  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Birula A (1910) Ueber Scorpio maurus Linné und seine Unterarten. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 39: 115–192. https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/Birula_1910.pdf
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  45. ↑ Lampe E (1917) Katalog der Skorpione, Pedipalpen und Solifugen des Naturhistorischen Museums der Residenzstadt Wiesbaden. Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Verein für Naturkunde, Wiesbaden 70: 185–208.
  46. ↑ Pavlovsky E (1924) On the morphology of the male genital apparatus in scorpions. Trudy Leningradskogo Obshchestva Yestestvoispytatelei 53: 17–86.
  47. ↑ Pavlovsky E (1925) Zur morphologie des weiblichen Genitalapparates und zur Embryologie der Skorpione. Annuaire du Musée Zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences d'URSS 26: 137–205.
  48. ↑ Werner F (1925) Skorpione und Solifugen aus dem östlichen und nördlichen Spanien, gesammelt von Dr. F. Haas in den Jahren 1914–1918. Senckenbergiana 7: 209–210.
  49. ↑ Werner F (1936) Neu-Eingänge von Skorpionen im Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg. Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Professor Dr. Embrik. Strand, Riga 2: 171–193.
  50. ↑ Schenkel E (1938) Spinnentiere von der Iberischen Halbinsel, gesammelt von Prof. Dr O. Lundblad, 1935. Arkiv för Zoologi 30A: 1–29.
  51. ↑ Feytaud J (1940) Les scorpions de France. Revue de Zoologie Agricole et Appliquée 39: 33–43.
  52. ↑ Vachon M (1940) Sur la systématique des scorpions. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Nouvelle Série, Paris 13: 241–260.
  53. ↑ Denis J (1948) Le scorpion languedocien dans les Pyrénées-orientales. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 17: 155–156.
  54. ↑ Vachon M (1948c) Scorpions récoltés dans l'ile de Crète par Mr le docteur Otto Von Wettstein. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 56: 61–69. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41768480.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 Vachon M (1949a) Études sur les Scorpions. III (suite). Déscription des Scorpions du Nord de l'Afrique. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algérie 27: 134–169.
  56. ↑ Vachon M (1950b) Études sur les Scorpions. (suite). Déscription des Scorpions du Nord-ouest de l'Afrique. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algérie 28: 382–413.
  57. ↑ Vachon M (1951a) Études sur les Scorpions. (suite et fin). Détermination des Scorpions du Nord-Ouest de l'Afrique. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algérie 29: 46–104.
  58. ↑ Vachon M (1951b) Scorpions collectés au Maroc par MM. P. Strinati et V. Aellen (Mission scientifique Suisse au Maroc, août-septembre 1950). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 2eme série 23: 621–623.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 Vachon M (1952a) Études sur les scorpions. (published 1948–1951 in Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 1948, 26: 25–90, 162–208, 288–316, 441–481; 1949, 27: 66–100, 134–169, 281–288, 334–396; 1950, 28: 152–216, 382–413; 1951, 29: 46–104). Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Alger, 482 pp. https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/vachon.php.
  60. ↑ Vachon M (1952b) Le Scorpion Languedocien et sa répartition en France à propos de sa présence dans le Département de l'Ardèche. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 2eme série 24: 274–279.
  61. ↑ Vachon M (1961) Le Parc national de Niokolo-Koba. III. Scorpions. Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire 62: 31–32.
  62. ↑ Bücherl W (1964) Distribuição geográfica dos Aracnóides peçonhentos temíveis. Memórias do Instituto Butantan 31: 55–66.
  63. ↑ Pérez S (1974) Un inventario preliminar de los escorpiones de la region Paleartica y claves para la identification de los generos de la region Paleartica Occidental. Cátedra de Artrópodos 7: 1–45.
  64. ↑ Vachon M (1974) Étude des caractères utilisés pour classer les familles et les genres de Scorpions (Arachnides). 1. La trichobothriotaxie en Arachnologie. Sigles trichobothriaux et types de trichobothriotaxie chez les Scorpions. Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 3e Série Zoologie 104: 857–958. http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/medias/doc/EXPLOITATION/IFD/BMZOO_S003_1973_T140_N104/bulletin-du-museum-national-d-histoire-naturelle-zoologie.
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  66. ↑ Kinzelbach R (1982) Die Skorpionssammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums der Stadt Mainz. Teil I: Europa Und Anatolien. Mainzer Naturwisserschaftlichen Archiv 20: 49–66.
  67. ↑ Prost A (1982) L’identification des scorpions de Haute-Volta. Notes et Documents Voltaiques 13: 4–10.
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  73. ↑ Vincent M (1994) Observation de Buthus occitanus (Amoreux, 1789) (Scorpionida, Buthidae) dans la région de Manosque (Alpes de Haute-Provence). Arachnides 22: 6–7.
  74. ↑ Braunwalder M (1997) A note on Pierre-Joseph Amoreux (1741-1824) and his publications on Buthus occitanus. Newsletter of the British Arachnological Society 78: 3–4.
  75. ↑ Cloudsley-Thompson J, Lourenço W (1998) On the meaning of the trivial name of the Scorpion Buthus occitanus (Amoreux, 1789) with notes on its distribution and variability. Newsletter of the British Arachnological Society 81: 1–2.
  76. ↑ Kovařík F (1998) Štiří. Madagaskar, Jihlava, 176 pp.
  77. ↑ Kovařík F (1999) Review of European scorpions, with a key to species. Serket 6: 38–44.
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 Fet V, Lowe G (2000) Genus Buthus Leach, 1815. In: Fet V Sissom W Lowe G Braunwalder M (Eds) Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758-1998). The New York Entomological Society, New York, 91–97.
  79. ↑ Lourenço W (2003) Compléments à la faune de scorpions (Arachnida) de l'Afrique du Nord, avec des considérations sur le genre Buthus Leach, 1815. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 110: 875–912.
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Lourenço W, Vachon M (2004) Considérations sur le genre Buthus Leach, 1815 en Espagne, et description de deux nouvelles espèces (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 9: 81–94.
  81. ↑ Teruel R, Pérez-Bote J (2005) Complementos a la descripción de Buthus ibericus Lourenço and Vachon 2004 (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 37: 273–275.
  82. ↑ Castilla A, Pons G (2007) Primeros datos sobre la población de escorpiones (Buthus occitanus) en las islas Columbretes (Mediterráneo, España). Bolletí de la Societat d'Història Natural de les Balears 50: 257–268. http://www.raco.cat/index.php/BolletiSHNBalears/article/viewArticle/179006/0
  83. ↑ Sousa P, Froufe E, Alves P, Harris D (2010) Genetic diversity within scorpions of the genus Buthus from the Iberian Peninsula: mitochondrial DNA sequence data indicate additional distinct cryptic lineages. Journal of Arachnology 38: 206–211. https://doi.org/10.1636/H08-98.1
  84. ↑ Colombo M (2011) On Fabre’s Traces: an Important Contributor to the Knowledge of Buthus occitanus (Amoreux, 1789). Euscorpius 117: 1–10. http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/euscorpius/p2011_117.pdf
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 Rossi A (2012) Notes on the distribution of the species of the genus Buthus (Leach, 1815) (Scorpiones, Buthidae) in Europe, with a description of a new species from Spain. Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 15: 273–279.
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Pedroso D, Sousa P, Harris D, van der Meijden A (2013) Phylogeography of Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones: Buthidae): a multigene molecular approach reveals a further complex evolutionary history in the Maghreb. African Invertebrates 48: 298–308. https://doi.org/10.3377/004.048.0216
  87. ↑ Martin-Eauclaire M, Bosmans F, Céard B, Diochot S, Bougis P (2014) A first exploration of the venom of the Buthus occitanus scorpion found in southern France. Toxicon 79: 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.01.002
  88. ↑ Teruel R, Melic A (2015) Orden Scorpiones. Revista IDE@ - SEA 18: 1–17.
  89. ↑ Lourenço W (2016b) Scorpion incidents, misidentification cases and possible implications for the final interpretation of results. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 22: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-016-0075-6
  90. ↑ Hadži J (1929) Skorpije Schmidtove zbirke (Euscorpius italicus polytrichus n. ssp. i ostale nove rase). (in Slovenian). Glasnik Muzejskega Drustva za Slovenijo 10: 30–41.
  91. ↑ Vachon M (1949c) Études sur les Scorpions. III (suite). Déscription des Scorpions du Nord de l'Afrique. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algérie 27: 334–396.
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 Gantenbein B, Largiadèr C (2003) The phylogeographic importance of the Strait of Gibraltar as a gene flow barrier in terrestrial arthropods: a case study with the scorpion Buthus occitanus as model organism. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28: 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00031-9
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  94. ↑ Birula A (1909) Scorpione und Solifugen von Tripolis und Barka. Nach der Sammlung von Dr. Bruno Klaptocz im jahre 19-06. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 28: 505–522.
  95. ↑ Birula A (1914) Ergebnisse einer von Prof. Franz Werner im Sommer 1910 mit Unterstützung aus dem Legate Wedl ausgeführten zoologischen Forschungsreise nach Algerien. VI. Skorpione und Solifugen. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Wien 123: 633–668. http://www.zobodat.at/publikation_articles.php?id=148652.
  96. ↑ Birula A (1917a) [authored as Byalynitskii-Birulya, A. A.] Arachnoidea Arthrogastra Caucasica. Pars I. Scorpiones. Zapiski Kavkazskogo Muzeya, Seriia A [Mémoires du Musée du Caucase, Série A] 5: 1–253. [English translation: Byalynitskii-Birulya AA, 1964. Arthrogastric Arachnids of Caucasia. Part I. Scorpions. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem. 170 pp.]
  97. ↑ Roewer C (1943) Über eine neuerworbene Sammlung von Skorpionen des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. Senckenbergiana 26: 205–244.
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  99. ↑ Asso I (1784) CLASSIS V: INSECTA. Ordo VII APTERA. Scorpio. In: Introductio in Oryctographiam, et Zoologiam Aragoniae. Accedit Enumeratio stirpium in eadem Regione noviter detectarum. Amsterdam, 146 pp. http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/FichaLibro.php?Libro=80
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  101. ↑ Serre M (1822) Essai pour server a l’histoire des animaux du midi de la France. Gabon, Paris and Montpellier, 95 pp.
  102. ↑ Latreille P (1817) Tome III. Contenant les Crustacés, les Arachnides et les Insectes. In: Cuvier G (Ed.) Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée. Imprimerie de A. Belin, Paris, 653.
  103. ↑ Sousa P (2017) Resilient arthropods: Buthus scorpions as a model to understand the role of past and future climatic changes on Iberian Biodiversity. PhD Thesis, Porto, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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