Armascirus

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Skvarla M, Fisher J, Dowling A (2014) A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records. ZooKeys 418 : 1–103, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2014-06-20, version 53347, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Armascirus&oldid=53347 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Skvarla2014ZooKeys418,
author = {Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, J. Ray AND Dowling, Ashley P. G.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records},
year = {2014},
volume = {418},
issue = {},
pages = {1--103},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.418.7629},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/7629/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2014-06-20, version 53347, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Armascirus&oldid=53347 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records
A1 - Skvarla M, Fisher J
A1 - Dowling A
Y1 - 2014
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 418
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.418.7629
SP - 1
EP - 103
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2014-06-20, version 53347, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Armascirus&oldid=53347 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.418.7629

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Skvarla2014ZooKeys418">{{Citation
| author = Skvarla M, Fisher J, Dowling A
| title = A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2014
| volume = 418
| issue =
| pages = 1--103
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.418.7629
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/7629/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2024-12-18

}} Versioned wiki page: 2014-06-20, version 53347, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Armascirus&oldid=53347 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Trombidiformes
Familia: Cunaxidae

Name

Armascirus Den Heyer, 1978 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Historical review

The first Armascirus was described by Kramer (1881)[1] as Scirus taurus. Berlese (1888)[2] described Scirus taurus var. bison. Banks (1894)[3] described Scirus quadripilis. Thor (1902)[4] transferred Scirus taurus to Cunaxa. Banks (1914)[5] described Cunaxa armata. Miller (1925)[6] reported Scirus quadripilis from Ohio. Womersley (1933)[7] reported Cunaxa taurus from Australia. Thor and Willmann (1941)[8] transferred Scirus taurus var. bison to Cunaxa and raised it to full species status, viz. Cunaxa bison and transferred Scirus quadripilis to Cunaxa; they also redescribed and figured Cunaxa armata, Cunaxa bison, Cunaxa quadripilis, and Cunaxa taurus. Baker and Hoffmann (1948)[9] synonymized Scirus quadripilis and Cunaxa armata with Cunaxa taurus; they followed Thor and Willmann (1941)[8] in placing Cunaxa taurus var. bison in Cunaxa but declined to recognize it as a species and instead kept it as a variety or subspecies of Cunaxa taurus. Zaher et al. (1975b)[10] collected Cunaxa taurus in Egypt. Chaudhri (1977)[11] described Dactyloscirus ebrius and Dactyloscirus fuscus from Pakistan. Den Heyer (1978a)[12] split Armascirus from Dactyloscirus and Cunaxa and raised the subfamily Cunaxinae to accommodate them, thus refining the definitions of all three genera; he transferred Cunaxa taurus and Cunaxa bison to the new genus Armascirus; and described Armascirus huyssteeni, Armascirus lebowensis, Armascirus limpopoensis, and Armascirus albiziae. Kuznetzov and Livshitz (1979)[13] redescribed and figured Cunaxa taurus and Cunaxa bison from Russia, either disagreeing with or being unaware of Den Heyer’s 1978 publication. Tseng (1980)[14] reported Armascirus taurus from Taiwan. Chaudhri (1980)[15] described Dactyloscirus fixus from Pakistan. Den Heyer (1980c)[16] erected the tribe Armascirini and made Dactyloscirus and Armascirus the sole representatives. Gupta and Ghosh (1980)[17] erected Indocunaxa, a monotypic genus with Indocunaxa smileyi as the type species. Liang (1983)[18] reported Armascirus taurus from China. Shiba (1986)[19] described Armascirus hastus and Armascirus multioculus. Michocka (1987)[20] described Dactyloscirus rafalskii from Poland. Armascirus mactator and Armascirus pluri were described by Muhammad and Chaudhri (1991b)[21]. Smiley (1992)[22] described Armascirus gimplei, Armascirus anastosi, Armascirus harrisoni, Armascirus heryfordi, Armascirus virginiensis, Dactyloscirus bakeri, and Dactyloscirus campbelli; he also transferred Armascirus bison to Dactyloscirus (which was later returned to Armascirus by Den Heyer and Castro 2008a[23]). Corpuz-Raros (1995)[24] described Armascirus garciai and Armascirus makilingensis from the Philippines. Hu (1997)[25] reported Armascirus bison and Armascirus taurus from China. Bashir and Afzal (2005)[26] described Armascirus satianaensis and Armascirus asghari. Corpuz-Raros and Gruezo (2007)[27] described Armascirus javanus. Corpuz-Raros (2008)[28] described Dactyloscirus bifidus. Bashir, Afzal, and Khan (2008)[29] described four species from Pakistan: Armascirus akhtari, Armascirus jasmina, Armascirus sabrii, and Armascirus gojraensis. Den Heyer and Castro (2008a)[23] synonymized Indocunaxa with Armascirus and transferred Dactyloscirus bison, Dactyloscirus campbelli, Dactyloscirus ebrius, Dactyloscirus fixus, Dactyloscirus fuscus, and Dactyloscirus rafalskii to Armascirus javanus. Corpuz-Raros (2008)[28] described Armascirus apoensis. Kaluz (2009)[30] described Armascirus cyaneus and Armascirus cerris from Central Europe Skvarla and Dowling (2012)[31] described Armascirus ozarkensis, Armascirus pennsylvanicus, and Armascirus primigenius. Den Heyer and Castro (2012)[32] described Armascirus brasiliensis and Armascirus bahiaensis. Kaluz and Vrabec (2013)[33] described Armascirus fendai and Armascirus masani.

Diagnosis

Gnathosoma. Pedipalps 5-segmented, end in a strong claw, and extend beyond the subcapitulum by at least the last segment. Apophysis between the genua and tibiotarsi, which tapers to a point, usually present; this apophysis shorter in males than in females. Basifemora complemented with a simple seta; telofemora with a spine-like seta. These two segments fused, although a line remains visible and they can thus be differentiated. Subcapitulum complemented with 6 pairs of setae (hg1–4 and 2 pairs of adoral setae). It can be covered by integumental papillae which are either randomly distributed or form a polygonal, reticulated pattern.
Idiosoma, dorsal. Female dorsal idiosoma with at least one sclerotized plate that bears 2 pairs of setose sensillae (at and pt) and 2 pairs of simple setae (lps and mps). 0–4 other major plates and platelets may also be present. All plates, if present, covered by integumental papillae that form a reticulated pattern. Integument between the plates is striated. 7 pairs of setae, c1–2, d1–h1, present. Each seta, when not on a major plate or platelet, surrounded by a minute platelet that is only slightly larger than the setal socket. Cupule im present, usually laterad or in the proximity of e1. Dorsal idiosoma of males is similar except a single large plate complemented with c1–2, d1–e1 present.
Idiosoma, ventral. Coxae reticulated in the same manner as the dorsal plates. Coxae I–II often fused; Coxae III–IV often fused. Setal formula of coxae I–IV in males 3-1-3-3 (including the paracoxal seta), in females 3-2-3-3 (including the paracoxal seta). Genital plates each bear 4 setae; 2 pairs of genital papillae visible underneath the plates. Anal plates bear 1 pair of setae (ps1). 2 pairs of setae (ps2 and h2) associated with but do not occur on the anal plates. Cupule ih present in close proximity to h2. Integument between plates striated and bears 5–7 pairs of additional setae. The ventral idiosoma of males similar except the coxae are much more extensive. A sclerotized aedeagus is often visible in association with the genital plates. Legs comparatively long, at least ? the length, and often longer than the body. Famulus on tarsi I normally shaped. Tarsi are constricted apically, resulting in large tarsal lobes. Trichobothrium on leg tibia IV present. Ambulacral claws occur on either side of a 4-rayed empodium.

Key to adult female Armascirus

(modified from Kaluz and Vrabec 2013[33])
Dactyloscirus bifidus Corpuz-Raros, 2008 is transferred to Armascirus as it posessess a spine-like seta on the pedipalpal basifemora.
Armascirus gojraensis and Armascirus sabrii appear to be nymphs based on the leg setal counts given in the original descriptions. Having not seen the type material, however, they are retained within the key. Caution should be exercised if these species are reached.


Key to adult female Armascirus — M. Skvarla, J. Fisher , A. Dowling
1
Hysterosomal median shield present (Figs 49a–h, 50a–d) 
  2
–
Hysterosomal median shield absent (Figs 51a–c) 
  30
2 (1)
Median shield complemented with setae, small or large (Figs 49a–h) 
  3
–
Median shield not complemented with setae, small (Figs 50a–d) 
  22
3 (2)
One pair of setae (d1) on hysterosomal median shield (Figs 49a–f) 
  4
–
Two or more pairs of setae on hysterosomal median shield (Figs 49g–h) 
  18
4 (3)
Lateral hysterosomal platelets present (Figs 49a–d) 
  5
–
Lateral hysterosomal platelets absent (Figs 49e, f) 
  15
5 (4)
Setae c1 very short, the distance between the bases of c1–c1 20 times the length of c1; venter caudally from coxae II with 5 pairs of simple setae (excluding genital, coxal, and anal setae); Poland 
  Armascirus rafalskii (Michocka, 1987)
–
Setae c1 longer, the distance between the bases of c1–c1 less than 10 times the length of c1; venter caudally from coxae II with 6 or more pairs of simple setae (excluding genital, coxal, and anal setae) 
  6
6 (5)
The distance between caudal parts of hysterosomal lateral platelets wider than the distance between their frontal parts (Figs 49a, b) 
  7
–
The distance between caudal parts of hysterosomal lateral platelets shorter than the distance between their frontal parts (Figs 49c, d) 
  9
7 (6)
Lateral hysterosomal platelets equal to or longer than hysterosomal median shield (Fig. 49a); venter caudally from coxae II with 6 pairs of simple setae (excluding genital, coxal, and anal setae); Pakistan 
  Armascirus jasmina Bashir, Afzal & Khan, 2008
–
Lateral hysterosomal platelets shorter than hysterosomal median shield (Fig. 49b); venter caudally from coxae II with 7 pairs of simple setae (excluding genital, coxal, and anal setae) 
  8
8 (7)
Pedipalpal genua with 3 spls, 1 sts; important leg I–IV sts chaetotaxy: coxae 3-1-3-2, basifemora 4-5-3-1, genua 8-8-6-5, tibiae 5-6-6-6, tarsi 15-12-8-9; Pakistan 
  Armascirus akhtari Bashir, Afzal & Khan, 2008
–
Pedipalpal genua with 3 spls; important leg I–IV sts chaetotaxy: coxae 3-2-3-3, basifemora 4-4-3-3, genua 8-4-6-7, tibiae 6-5-6-5, tarsi 11-10-9-7; Pakistan 
  Armascirus satianaensis Bashir & Afzal, 2005
9 (6)
Venter caudally from coxae II with 4 pairs of simple setae (excluding genital, coxal, and anal setae); Brazil 
  Armascirus bahiaensis Den Heyer & Castro, 2012
–
Venter caudally from coxae II with 6 pairs of simple setae (excluding genital, coxal, and anal setae) 
  10
–
Venter caudally from coxae II with 7 pairs of simple setae (excluding genital, coxal, and anal setae) 
  14
–
Venter caudally from coxae II with 8 pairs of simple setae (excluding genital, coxal, and anal setae); South Africa 
  Armascirus albiziae Den Heyer, 1978
10 (9)
Tarsus I with more than 27 setae; tarsus II with at least 24 setae 
  11
–
Tarsus I with less than 25 setae; tarsus II with less than 23 setae 
  12
11 (10)
Leg genua I with 4 bsl, 4 sts; genital valve with random dot-like lobes; tarsal sts chaetotaxy I–IV 29-25-23-22; Pakistan 
  Armascirus pluri Muhammad & Chaudhri, 1991
–
Leg genua I with 2 asl, 4 bsl, 3 sts; genital valve longitudinal rows of dot-like lobes; tarsal sts chaetotaxy I–IV 29-24-22-21; Pakistan 
  Armascirus mactator Muhammad & Chaudhri, 1991
12 (10)
Pedipalpal telofemora with 1 apophysis, 2 spls; pedipalpal genua with 1 ap, 2 spls, 2 sts; South Africa 
  Armascirus huyssteeni Den Heyer, 1978
–
Pedipalpal telofemora with 1 apophysis, 1 spls; pedipalpal genua with 1 ap, 3 spls, 1 sts 
  13
13 (12)
Genua II with 1 asl, 5 sts; genua IV with 2 asl, 5 sts; cosmopolitan 
  Armascirus taurus (Kramer, 1881)
–
Genua II with 1 asl, 6 sts; genua IV with 1 asl, 4 or 5 sts; USA 
  Armascirus primigenius Skvarla & Dowling, 2012
14 (9)
Median shield pointed caudally (Fig. 49c); Pakistan 
  Armascirus asghari Bashir & Afzal, 2005
–
Median shield truncated caudally (Fig. 49d); Brazil 
  Armascirus brasiliensis Den Heyer & Castro, 2012
15 (4)
Hysterosomal median shield with a straight or concave frontal margin and with very acute anterior lateral corners (angle less than 45°) (Fig. 49e) 
  16
–
Hysterosomal median shield with convex frontal margin and with rounded anterior lateral corners (Fig. 49f) 
  17
16 (15)
Pedipalpal genua with 1 ap, 2 spls, 1 sts; legs I–IV sts formulae (excluding solenidia): basifemora 1-2-1-0; telofemora 4-4-4-4; genua 6-7-5-6; h1 4 times the length of c1;hysterosomal shield width: length = 2.2:1; Pakistan 
  Armascirus sabrii Bashir, Afzal & Khan, 2008
–
Pedipalpal genua with 1 ap, 3 spls, 1 sts; legs I–IV sts formulae (excluding solenidia): basifemora 2-2-1-1; telofemora 4-4-4-3; genua 8-6-6-6; h1 3 times the length of c1;hysterosomal shield width: length 1.5:1; Pakistan 
  Armascirus gojraensis Bashir, Afzal & Khan, 2008
17 (15)
Apophysis adjoining genu and tibiotarsus shorter than pedipalpal tibiotarsus; pedipalpal telofemoral apophyses three times longer than spine-like seta; distance between the bases of sci–sci 9 times the length of sci; Brazil, Mexico 
  Armascirus bison (Berlese, 1988)
–
Apophysis adjoining genu and tibiotarsus longer than pedipalpal tibiotarsus; pedipalpal telofemoral apophyses three times longer than spine-like seta; distance between the bases of sci–sci 5 times the length of sci; Pakistan 
  Armascirus fixus (Chaudhri, 1980)
18 (3)
Hysterosomal median shield with 2 pairs of setae (c1, d1) (Fig. 49g) 
  19
–
Hysterosomal median shield with more than 3 pairs of setae (Fig. 49h) 
  20
19 (18)
Pedipalpal telofemora with 2 ap, 1 spls; pedipalpal genua with 2 spls, 2 sts; venter caudally from coxae II with 6 pairs of simple setae (excluding genital, coxal, and anal setae); tarsi I–IV with 21-20-15-13 sts (excluding solenidia); the distance between bases of c1–c1 4 times the distance of h1–h1; distance between c1–c1 5 times the length of c1 
  Armascirus anastosi Smiley, 1992
–
Pedipalpal telofemora with 1 ap, 1 spls; pedipalpal genua with 3 spls, 1 sts; venter caudally from coxae II with 5 pairs of simple setae (excluding genital, coxal, and anal setae); tarsi I–IV with 19-13-13-13 sts (excluding solenidia); the distance between c1–c1 2 times the distance between h1–h1; the distance between c1–c1 4 times the length of c1 
  Armascirus heryfordi Smiley, 1992
20 (18)
Apophysis adjacent to pedipalpal genua and tibiotarsi present 
  Armascirus multioculus Shiba, 1986
–
Apophysis adjacent to pedipalpal genua and tibiotarsi absent 
  21
21 (20)
5 pairs of genital setae; pedipalp claw bifid (Fig. 52a); hysterosomal setae not serrate; Philippines 
  Armascirus apoensis Corpuz-Raros, 2008
–
4 pairs of genital setae; pedipalp claw entire, not bifid (Fig. 52b); hysterosomal setae serrate; Pakistan 
  Armascirus fuscus (Chaudhri, 1977)
22 (2)
Lateral hysterosomal platelets present (Figs 50a–c) 
  23
–
Lateral hysterosomal platelets absent (Fig. 50d) 
  27
23 (22)
Hysterosomal median shield width: length 1:1; venter caudally from coxae II with 6 or 7 pairs of sts (excluding genital and anal setae) 
  24
–
Hysterosomal median shield width: length 2:1; venter caudally from coxae II with 5 or 6 pairs of sts (excluding genital and anal setae) 
  25
24 (23)
Hysterosomal platelets large, as long as median shield (Fig. 50a); venter caudally from coxae II with 7 sts; pedipalp telofemur with 1 apophysis 
  Armascirus cerris Kaluz, 2009
–
Hysterosomal platelets about 1/3 the length of median shield; venter caudally from coxae II with 6 sts; pedipalp telofemur with 2 apophysis 
  Armascirus fendai Kaluz & Vrabec, 2013
25 (23)
Hysterosomal platelets as long as median shield (Fig. 50b) 
  26
–
Hysterosomal platelets ? as long as median shield (Fig. 50c); Mexico, USA 
  Armascirus gimplei
26 (25)
Hysterosomal plate concave on lateral edges (Fig. 53a); USA 
  Armascirus ozarkensis Skvarla & Dowling, 2012
–
Hysterosomal plate not concave on lateral edges (Fig. 53b); Japan 
  Armascirus hastus Shiba, 1986
27 (22)
Apophysis on pedipalp telofemur extends to distal margin of segment; 2 pairs of ventral pregenital setae thickened and spiculate; f1 1/3 length of h1; Philippines 
  Armascirus makilingensis Corpuz-Raros, 1995
–
Apophysis on pedipalp telofemur extends well beyond distal margin of segment; ventral pregenital setae not thickened and spiculate; f1 subequal to h1 
  28
28 (27)
Pedipalpal telofemora with 2 ap, 1 spls; the distance between the bases of c1–c1 two times the distance of d1–d1; South Africa 
  Armascirus limpopoensis Den Heyer, 1978
–
Pedipalp telofemora with 1 ap, 1 spls; the distances between the bases of c1–c1 = d1–d1 
  29
29 (28)
Pedipalp tibiotarsus with 1 spls, 4 sts; USA 
  Armascirus harrisoni Smiley, 1992
–
Pedipalp tibiotarsus with 1 spls, 3 sts; Canada 
  Armascirus bakeri (Smiley, 1992)
30 (1)
Pedipalpal telofemoral apophyses long, reaching apical apophysis on pedipalpal genu; lateral platelets present 
  31
–
Pedipalpal telofemoral apophyses short, not reaching apical apophysis on pedipalpal genu; lateral platelets present or absent 
  32
31 (30)
Pedipalpal basifemora with 1 subrectangular apophysis; pedipalp tibiotarsal spls 3 times the length of terminal claw; hysterosomal platelets small, equal in length to c2 (Fig. 51a); coxal chaetotaxy I–IV 3-2-3-3; South Africa 
  Armascirus lebowensis Den Heyer, 1978
–
Pedipalpal basifemora without subrectangular apophysis; pedipalp tibiotarsal spls equal in length to terminal claw; hysterosomal platelets long, 2–3 times the length of c2 (Fig. 51b); coxal chaetotaxy I–V 3-1-3-1; USA 
  Armascirus campbelli (Smiley, 1992)
32 (30)
Coxal setal count I–IV 3-2-3-3 
  33
–
Coxal setal count I–IV 3-2-3-2 
  35
–
Coxal setal count I–IV 3-3-3-3 
  Armascirus bifidus (Corpuz-Raros, 2008)
33 (32)
Pedipalpal telofemora with 1 apophysis, 2 spls, 1 sts; the distance between d1–d1 9 times the length of d1; pedipalpal genua with 2 spls, 1 sts; Slovakia 
  Armascirus cyaneus Kaluz, 2009
–
Pedipalpal telofemora with 1 apophysis, 2 spls; the distance between d1–d1 4 times the length of d1; pedipalpal genua chaetotaxy not as above 
  34
34 (33)
Hysterosomal platelets present (Fig. 51b); pedipalpal genua with 2 spls, 2 sts; basifemora with 5-5-4-2 sts; USA 
  Armascirus virginiensis Smiley, 1992
–
Hysterosomal platelets absent (Fig. 51c); pedipalpal genua with 1 spls, 1 sts; basifemora with 6-6-4-2 sts; Philippines 
  Armascirus javanus Corpuz-Raros & Gruezo, 2007
35 (32)
Pedipalpal telofemoral apophyses as long as width of telofemora; pedipalpal genu with 1 apophysis, 2 spls, 2 sts; USA 
  Armascirus pennsylvanicus Skvarla & Dowling, 2012
–
Pedipalpal telofemoral apophyses only 1/3 width of telofemora; pedipalpal genu with 1 apophysis, 3 spls, 1 sts; Philippines 
  Armascirus garciai Corpuz-Raros, 1995

Key to adult male Armascirus

(modified from Kaluz and Vrabec 2013[33])


Key to adult male Armascirus — M. Skvarla, J. Fisher , A. Dowling
1
Venter with 5 or fewer pairs of setae, excluding genital, anal, and adanal setae; setal formula of coxae I–IV not as below; setal formula of basifemora I–IV not as below 
  2
–
Venter with 6 pairs of setae, excluding genital, anal, and adanal setae; setal formula of coxae I–IV 3-2-3-3; setal formula of basifemora I–IV 5-5-4-2; cosmopolitan 
  Armascirus taurus (Kramer, 1881)
2 (1)
Setal formula of basifemora I–IV 5-5-4-1; Pakistan 
  Armascirus ebrius (Chaudhri, 1977)
–
Setal formula of basifemora I–IV not as above 
  3
3 (2)
Coxae I–IV setal formula 3-1-3-3; papillae on circular region anterior to setae pt present; South Africa 
  Armascirus huyssteeni Den Heyer, 1978
–
Coxae I–IV setal formula 3-2-3-3; papillae on circular region anterior to setae pt present or absent 
  4
4 (3)
Setal formula of basifemora I–IV 5-4-3-0; papillae on circular region anterior to setae pt present; South Africa 
  Armascirus limpopoensis Den Heyer, 1978
–
Setal formula of basifemora I–IV not as above; papillae on circular region anterior to setae pt absent; South africa 
  5
5 (4)
Genua I with 3 asl, 5 sts; South Africa 
  Armascirus lebowensis Den Heyer, 1978
–
Genua I with 2 asl, 1 mst, 5 sts; Ukraine 
  Armascirus masani Kaluz & Vrabec, 2013

Taxon Treatment

  • Skvarla, M; Fisher, J; Dowling, A; 2014: A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records ZooKeys, 418: 1-103. doi

Images

Figures 49–53. Armascirus key illustrations. 49–51 Dorsal idiosoma 49a–e Hysterosomal shield complemented with setae 50a–d Hysterosomal shield small, not complemented with setae 51a–c Hysterosomal shield absent 52a, b Pedipalp tibiotarsal claw 52a Single claw 52b Bifid claw 53a Hysterosomal plate concave on lateral edges 53b Hysterosomal plate not concave on lateral edges.
Figures 49–53. Armascirus key illustrations. 49–51 Dorsal idiosoma 49a–e Hysterosomal shield complemented with setae 50a–d Hysterosomal shield small, not complemented with setae 51a–c Hysterosomal shield absent 52a, b Pedipalp tibiotarsal claw 52a Single claw 52b Bifid claw 53a Hysterosomal plate concave on lateral edges 53b Hysterosomal plate not concave on lateral edges. 

Other References

  1. ↑ Kramer P (1881) Scirus. Arch. Natura. 81:17, t. 3; fig. 9.
  2. ↑ Berlese A (1888) Acari Austro-Americani quos collegit Aloysius Balzan. Bullettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana 20: 171–222.
  3. ↑ Banks N (1894) New American Acarina. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 21: 209–222.
  4. ↑ Thor S (1902) Zur Systematik der Acarinenfamilien Bdellidae Koch, 1842, Grube 1859, Eupodidae Koch, 1842 und Cunaxidae Sig Thor, 1902. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-kongiglichen zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 159–165.
  5. ↑ Banks N (1914) New Acarina. Journal of Entomology and Zoology 6: 55–66.
  6. ↑ Miller A (1925) An introductory study of the Acarina, or mites, of Ohio. Bulletin of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Number 386, 85–172.
  7. ↑ Womersley H (1933) On some Acarina from Australia and South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, Trans. 57: 108–112.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Thor S, Willmann C (1941) Eupodidae, Penthalodidae, Penthaleidae, Rhagidiidae, Pachygnathidae, Cunaxidae. In: Thor S Willmann C (Eds) Das Tierreich, Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichung der rezenten Tierformen. Lieferung 71a. Walter De Gruyter and Co, Leipzig, 164–175.
  9. ↑ Baker E, Hoffmann A (1948) Acaros de la familia Cunaxidae. Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas Mexico 5(3–4): 229–273.
  10. ↑ Zaher M, Soliman Z, El-Bishlawy S (1975b) Studies on population dynamics of soil predaceous prostigmatid mites in Giza, Egypt. Zeitschrift fur angewandte entomologie 79: 440–443.
  11. ↑ Chaudhri W (1977) Descriptions of the mites of the Family Cunaxidae (Acarina) from Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science 14(2–3): 41–52.
  12. ↑ Den Heyer J (1978a) Four new species of Armascirus gen. nov. (Prostigmata: Acari) from the Ethiopian Region. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa 41(2): 217–239.
  13. ↑ Kuznetzov N, Livshitz I (1979) Predatory mites of the Nikita Botanical Gardens (Acariformes: Bdellidae, Cunaxidae Camarobiidae). Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Nikitskogo Botanicheskogo Sada 79: 51–105.
  14. ↑ Tseng Y (1980) Taxonomical study of the mite family Cunaxidae from Taiwan (Acarina: Tromoidiformes). Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum 33(3-4): 253–277.
  15. ↑ Chaudhri W (1980) Studies on the biosystematics and control of mites of field crops, vegetables and fruit plants in Pakistan, second annual report. University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 80.
  16. ↑ Den Heyer J (1980c) A new classification system for the family Cunaxidae (Actinedida: Acarida). Publications of the University of the North Series A 23: 1–12.
  17. ↑ Gupta S, Ghosh S (1980) Some prostigmatid mites (Acarina) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 77: 189–213.
  18. ↑ Liang G (1983) Notes on four species of mite (Acarina: Cunaxidae) in China. Natural Enemies of Insects 5(3): 104–107.
  19. ↑ Shiba M (1986) The mites of family Cunaxidae (Acarina: Prostigmata) in Japan II. Genera Armascirus Den Heyer and Dactyloscirus Berlese. Matsuyama Shinonome Tanki Daigaku kenkyu ronso 17: 151–163.
  20. ↑ Michocka S (1987) Mites (Acari) of the Bdellidae and Cunaxidae families in Poland. Monografie Fauny Polski 14: 1–127.
  21. ↑ Muhammad T, Chaudhri W (1991b) Two new cunaxid mites of the genus Armascirus (Acarina: Cunaxidae) from Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist 13(1–2): 50–55.
  22. ↑ Smiley R (1992) The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the world with a new classification. Indira Publishing House, West Bloomington, Michigan, 356 pp.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Den Heyer J, Castro T (2008a) A new Neotropical genus of the family Cunaxidae (Acari: Prostigmata: Bdelloidea). Zootaxa 1843: 35–46.
  24. ↑ Corpuz-Raros L (1995) Philippine predatory mites of the family Cunaxidae (Acari). 2. Genera Armascirus Den Heyer and Dactyloscirus Berlese. The Philippine Agriculturist 78(2): 159–173.
  25. ↑ Hu S (1997) Cunaxid mites recorded in China. Journal of Ninbo Teachers College 15(1): 56–59.
  26. ↑ Bashir M, Afzal M (2005) New cunaxid mites of the genus Armascirus from Punjab-Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 42(3–4): 117–121.
  27. ↑ Corpuz-Raros L, Gruezo W (2007) Two new species of predatory mites of the family Cunaxidae (Acari) from Java, Indonesia. Asia Life Sciences 16(2): 175–181.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Corpuz-Raros L (2008) Additional species of Cunaxidae and first report of the subfamily Neobonzinae (Cunaxidae, Acari) from the Philippines. Asia Life Sciences 17(1): 71–89.
  29. ↑ Bashir M, Afzal M, Khan B (2008) Genus Armascirus (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from Pakistan. Belgian journal of Zoology 138(2): 115–127.
  30. ↑ Kaluz S (2009) Two new Palearctic mite species of the family Cunaxidae (Acari: Prostigmata). Zootaxa 2198: 27–40.
  31. ↑ Skvarla M, Dowling A (2012) Some New Armascirine Cunaxids (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from the Eastern United States. Zootaxa 3194: 1–34.
  32. ↑ Den Heyer J, Castro T (2012) New Neotropical cunaxinae species (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae). Zootaxa 3265: 22–42.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Kaluz S, Vrabec M (2013) Two new species of Armascirus (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from Slovakia. Zootaxa 3734(2): 141–155. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3734.2.3
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