Zambion

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Ichneumonidae

Name

Zambion Kasparyan – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Zambion Kasparyan, 1993: 86. Type: Zambion monodon Kasparyan. By monotypy.

Diagnosis

Differentiated from other genera of Tryphoninae by combination of both of the following characters: 1) unidentate mandibles (Fig. 22); 2) supra-antennal area with a medial horn (not a vertical lamella) slightly ventral to medial ocellus (Figs 16–21, 24–27). Zambion would most easily be mistaken for Ibornia Seyrig, but Ibornia has a supra-antennal vertical lamella instead of a horn and T1 and T2 are fused (not fused in Zambion).

Description

Adult. Fore wing length 4.9 to 7.2 mm. Clypeus separated from supraclypeal area by a strong groove (most species) (Fig. 11) or weakly separated in Zambion hirtum Delobel (Fig. 10); strongly convex or moderately flat in profile; not divided into dorsal and ventral faces by a transverse line (most species) (Fig. 11) or divided (Fig. 12). Apical edge of clypeus not projecting ventroanteriorly in lateral view, truncate to slightly convex medially in anterior view, without a pair of medial denticles. Mandible unidentate (Fig. 22), outer face (anterior surface) basally flat and coarsely punctate (not inflated and impunctate as in Ctenochira). Glossa slightly to strongly elongated (Fig. 15). Posterior mandibular condyles separated by greater width than inner margins of eyes at level of clypeal foveae. Malar space 0.4 to 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Occipital carina present only dorsally (between inner margins of eyes), therefore not joining hypostomal carina, the latter not directed posteriorly into a tooth. Supra-antennal area with or without a glabrous depression, if present then just as a deep dimple directly ventral to medial ocellus, not an elongate groove as in Cosmoconus Förster. Supra-antennal area with a medial horn (Figs 16–21, 24–27). Vertex posterior to medial ocellus without a rounded, conical protuberance. Distance between inner edges of toruli 0.1 to 0.4 times width of one torulus.
Dorsal edge of pronotum (seen in dorsal view) strongly thickened laterally (Fig. 28). Epomia present only as a slight sharpening of ventroanterior ridge of pronotum (not crossing pronotal groove) (Figs 30–31). Notaulus weak (Fig. 29) or absent. Subtegular ridge slightly protruding laterally, not extending dorsally as a vertical lamina that nearly touches tegula, without a posterior longitudinal slot. Epicnemial carina not joined by an auxiliary carina that extends from anterior edge of mesopleuron. Vertical portion of epicnemial carina close to anterior edge of mesopleuron and dorsally curving anteriorly to meet anterior edge of mesopleuron (Figs 32–33). Longitudinal carinae of mesopleuron and mesoscutum (as in Ibornia) absent. Sternaulus weak and wide to 0.2 to 0.3 length of mesopleuron. Angular flange on posterolateral edges of mesoscutum and associated ‘axillary tongue’ both present and strongly angulate. Scutellum completely black (most species), completely yellow (Zambion hirtum and Zambion kasparyani) or black with yellow apically (Zambion monodon), lateral carinae present only basally or up to 0.5. Propodeum with all carinae present except anterior transverse carina completely absent in all species (Fig. 34), medial longitudinal carinae absent anteriorly in Zambion wahli and Zambion broadi and posterior transverse carina interrupted medially in the males of Zambion wahli and Zambion broadi. Posterior transverse carina angulate where it intercepts medial longitudinal carinae (Fig. 34). Foretibia with a strong tooth on apex of anterior side or tooth weak to absent. Trochantelli not fused on middle and hind legs. Hind tarsal claws stoutly pectinate in basal 0.4 to 0.6. Fore wing vein 3rs-m present. Cell 1 + 2Rs subrectangular or subrhombic, width not greater than 1.4 times height, petiolate anteriorly. Fore wing vein 2m-cu with an angulation (zig-zag) that is strong in most species (Figs 38–39) or weak (Fig. 7) and with one wide or two narrowly spaced bullae. Fore wing hyaline basally and infumate apically (Figs 38–39) or completely moderately infumate (Figs 7–8).
T1 gradually widening from anterior to posterior, 1.2 to 1.8 times as long as posterior width, with moderate anterolateral projections (as seen in dorsal view). Glymma present as a depression ventral to anterolateral projections. Dorsal longitudinal carinae of T1 present basally or extending up to 0.7 of segment. Dorsolateral longitudinal carinae of T1 present (most species) or absent; if present, not extending posterior to spiracle (Figs 40, 41) or extending up to 0.7 of segment, not bifurcated into two branches above and below spiracle. Spiracle of T1 just anterior to middle. T1 and T2 not fused. T2 without a postmedial transverse groove or grooves that delineate anterolateral corners. T2 to T4 completely yellow/orange, completely black, or black with yellow at posterior of each segment. Laterotergites wide (Fig. 42), of MS3 divided from tergite by a crease, of MS4 not divided. T7 and T8 not turned anteriorly under metasoma. Ovipositor straight, about equal to apical height of metasoma or a little shorter, carrying one egg (Figs 5, 45) or no eggs, dorsal valve tapered to a sharp point (Fig. 44). Ovipositor sheath in profile, widest basally, gradually tapering from base to apex, flexible from 0.3 to 0.6.
Body polished, face and supraclypeal area coarsely punctate (Figs 10–15); pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron with fine, sparse, but distinct punctures (Figs 30–33); all other body regions almost impunctate (Figs 34–37, 40–43). Body covered in dense setae, particularly long on supraclypeal area, shorter on pleura of mesosoma and metasomal tergites.
Mature larva. Unknown.
Egg. (Fig. 45): Stalk apical, anchor unknown, surface reticulate. Egg known only for Zambion monodon (holotype).

Hosts

Unknown, but probably parasitoids of tenthredinoid sawflies (Hymenoptera) (see Introduction).

Distribution

Afrotropical (Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia and Angola).

Species included

Zambion monodon, Zambion hirtum Delobel and five new species described below.

Comments

Zambion, Ibornia and Thibetoides are all closely related based on seven synapomorphies, especially the thickened dorsoposterior corner of the pronotum and the supra-antennal prominence (Bennett 2002). Kasparyan (1993) speculated that Zambion and Ibornia must be sister genera because of the unidentate mandibles and because they are both Afrotropical, but Bennett (2002) found that Ibornia and Thibetoides are sister taxa based on seven characters including the fusion of T1 and T2 and the ventral curving of T7 and T8 under the metasoma which makes Zambion the sister of these two genera.

Key to the world species of Zambion

Key to the world species of Zambion — A. Bennett , D. Barnes

1		Longitudinal lamella present between toruli (Fig. 23). Mesosoma yellow to orange (Fig. 4) AND head with dark markings dorsally (Fig. 16)    Zambion hirtum Delobel
–		Lamella absent between toruli. Mesosoma with dark markings (Figs 5-9), OR if mesosoma completely yellow to orange (Fig. 46), then head also yellow to orange, without dark markings dorsally near ocelli and horn (Fig. 47)    2
2	(1)	Propodeum lacking a ventral transverse carina extending from metasomal foramen to pleural carina (Figs 36, 48)    3
–		Propodeum with a ventral transverse carina extending from metasomal foramen to pleural carina (Figs 35, 37)    4
3	(2)	Mesopleuron with dorsal half black and ventral half yellow (Fig. 5). Notaulus weak, but present    Zambion monodon Kasparyan
–		Mesopleuron completely yellow (Fig. 46). Notaulus absent    Zambion kasparyani sp. n.
4	(2)	Propodeum with medial longitudinal carinae absent or incomplete anterior to posterior transverse carina. Supra-antennal area with a long, sub-parallel-sided/ weakly tapering horn in dorsal view (Figs 20, 21), length 1.2 to 1.3 times width of pedicel at midheight in lateral view (Fig. 27)    5
–		Propodeum with medial longitudinal carinae strong and complete anterior to posterior transverse carina (Fig. 34). Supra-antennal area with a short triangular horn in dorsal view (Figs 18, 19) length 0.3 to 0.5 times width of pedicel at midheight in lateral view (Fig. 26)    6
5	(4)	Propodeum black (Fig. 8). Clypeus black, except brown at extreme apical edge (Fig. 14). Lateral abscissa of posterior transverse carina of propodeum roughly straight, meeting pleural carina at right angle at about midpoint between propodeal spiracle and posterior end of pleural carina (similar to Fig. 36)    Zambion wahli sp. n.
–		Propodeum orange except brown basolaterally (Fig. 9). Clypeus with apical half orange and basal half black (Fig. 15). Lateral abscissa of posterior transverse carina of propodeum strongly curving posteriorly where it meets pleural carina at an acute angle near posterior 0.2 of pleural carina (Fig. 37)    Zambion broadi sp. n.
6	(4)	Legs completely dark brown (Fig. 7). Tergites 3 to 7 completely brown (Fig. 7). Malar space 0.7 times basal width of mandible. Carina extending from pleural carina of propodeum to propodeal spiracle complete    Zambion eileenae sp. n.
–		Fore and mid legs orange, hind coxa, trochanter and femur orange, hind tibia and tarsus dark brown, except yellow at base of hind tibia (Fig. 6). Tergites 3 to 7 with medioposterior ivory bands (Fig. 6). Malar space 0.4 to 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Carina extending from pleural carina of propodeum to propodeal spiracle absent    Zambion rogeri sp. n.

Taxon Treatment

• Bennett, A; Barnes, D; 2011: Revision of the world species of Zambion (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tryphoninae) ZooKeys, 159: 19-48. doi

Images

Figures 4–5. Habitus 4 Zambion hirtum,holotype female 5 Zambion monodon,holotype female.  Figures 6–7. Habitus 6 Zambion rogeri,holotype male 7 Zambion eileenae,holotype female.  Figures 8–9. Habitus 8 Zambion wahli,holotype female 9 Zambion broadi,holotype male.  Figures 10–15. Head, anterior view 10 Zambion hirtum,paratype male 11 Zambion monodon, paratype male 12 Zambion rogeri,paratype male 13 Zambion eileenae,holotype female 14 Zambion wahli,paratype male 15 Zambion broadi, holotype male.  Figures 16–21. Vertex showing supra-antennal horn, dorsal view 16 Zambion hirtum, paratype male 17 Zambion monodon, paratype male 18 Zambion rogeri, paratype male 19 Zambion eileenae, holotypefemale 20 Zambion wahli, holotypefemale 21 Zambion broadi, holotype male.  Figures 22–27. 22 Head, anterior view, Zambion hirtum, paratype male showing unidentate mandible 23 Supraclypeal area, anterolateral view, Zambion hirtum, male (non-type) (arrow points to longitudinal lamella between antennae) 24–27 head, lateral view 24 Zambion hirtum, paratype male 25 Zambion monodon, holotype female 26 Zambion eileenae,holotype female 27 Zambion wahli, holotypefemale.  Figures 28–33. 28–29 Head, pronotum and anterior of mesoscutum, dorsal view 28 Zambion wahli, holotype female (double arrow shows widening of pronotum) 29 Zambion broadi, holotype male (arrow shows weak notaulus) 30–31 Pronotum, lateral view 30 Zambion hirtum, paratype male 31 Zambion wahli, holotype female 32–33Mesopleuron, lateral view (arrow points to dorsal part of epicnemial carina) 32 Zambion rogeri, holotype male 33 Zambion wahli, holotype female.  Figures 34–39. 34 Propodeum, dorsal view. Zambion hirtum, holotype female35–37 Propodeum, dorsolateral view (double-headed arrows indicate length of pleural carina anterior and posterior to point of union with posterior transverse carina) 35 Zambion hirtum, paratype male 36 Zambion monodon, holotype female (note lack of ventral transverse carina) 37 Zambion broadi, holotype male 38–39 Fore wing 38 Zambion hirtum, holotype female 39 Zambion hirtum,paratype male. llc – lateral longitudinal carina, mlc – medial longitudinal carina, pc – pleural carina, ptc – posterior transverse carina, ps – propodeal spiracle, vtc – ventral transverse carina.  Figures 40–45. 40–41 First metasomal segment, lateral view (hollow arrow marks posterior end of dorsal longitudinal carina, solid arrow denotes posterior end of dorsolateral longitudinal carina) 40 Zambion hirtum, paratype male 41 Zambion monodon, paratype male 42 Anterior of metasoma, lateral view, Zambion monodon, paratype male (arrow points to laterotergite of second metasomal segment) 43 Tergites 2 and 3, dorsal view, Zambion hirtum, holotype female 44 Posterior of metasoma, lateral view showing ovipositor, Zambion hirtum, holotype female 45 Egg, lateral view, Zambion monodon, holotype female.  Figures 46–48. Zambion kasparyani, holotype male 46 Habitus 47 Head, dorsal view 48 Propodeum, dorsolateral view (note lack of ventral transverse carina similar to Zambion monodon in Fig. 36).