Laetiporus

Introduction

The genus Laetiporus was described by Murrill (1904) typified by Agaricus speciosus Battarra [= Polyporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.)] as a monotypic genus. The type species, L. sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill, is characterized by the bright orange to yellow colored pileus, soft and fleshy context and dimitic hyphal system with simple septate generative and binding hyphae. Laetiporus sulphureus (L. sulphureus sensu lato) has been considered a cosmopolitan species distributed from boreal to tropical zones (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986; Hood 2003; Núñez & Ryvarden 2001; Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993; Ryvarden & Johansen 1980). It causes red-brown cubical heart-rot in the wood of many deciduous and coniferous trees (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986; Núñez & Ryvarden 2001; Overholts 1953; Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993). It is also edible mushrooms with a long history of consumption, especially in North America (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1986) and Japan (Imazeki et al. 1988). In addition to L. sulphureus s. l., the following species with different colorations and/or morphologies are accepted in Laetiporus on the basis of the hyphal characters and the decay type: L. baudonii (Pat.) Ryvarden, L. persicinus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Gilb., L. portentosus (Berk.) Rajchenb. (Gilbertson 1981; Ryvarden 1991; Rajchenberg 1995). However, recent phylogenetic study showed that Laetiporus was not monophyly and at least L. persicinus and L. portentosus fell outside the “core Laetiporus clade” (Lindner & Banik 2008).

Here the discription and the key to identify of "core Laetiporus" known from East Asia, Europe and North America (Burdsall & Banik 2001; Ota et al. in preparation) were provided.

References

• Burdsall HH, Banik MT, 2001. The genus Laetiporus in North America. Harvard Papers in Botany 6: 43-55.
• Gilbertson RL 1981. North American wood-rotting fungi that cause brown rots. Mycotaxon 12: 372-416.
• Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L, 1986. North American polypores. 1. Fungiflora, Oslo, Norway.
• Hood I, 2003. An introduction to fungi on wood in Queensland. The University of New England School of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Armidale.
• Imazeki R, Hongo T, 1989. Colored illustrations of mushrooms of Japan Vol. II. Hoikusha, Osaka. (in Japanese).
• Lindner D, Banik M, 2008. Molecular phylogeny of Laetiporus and other brown rot polypore genera in North America. Mycologia 100: 417-430.
• Murrill WA, 1904. The Polyporaceae of North America IX. Inonotus, Sesia and monotypic genera. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 31: 593-610.
• Núñez M, Ryvarden L, 2001. East Asian Polypores. Volume 2. Polyporaceae s. lato. Fungiflora, Oslo.
• Overholts LO, 1953. The polyporaceae of the United States, Alaska and Canada. Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press, London.
• Rajchenberg M, 1995. A taxonomic study of the subantarctic Piptoporus (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycetes) II. Nordic Journal of Botany 15:1 05-119.
• Ryvarden L, 1991. Genera of polypores. Nomenclature and taxonomy. Fungiflora, Oslo.
• Ryvarden L, Johansen I, 1980. A preliminary polypore flora of East Africa. Fungiflora, Oslo.
• Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL, 1993. European polypores. Fungiflora, Oslo.

Characters (Polypores)

• Basidiocarps
  • Attachment of stipe to the pileus （柄の位置）
  • Type of basidiocarp attachment　（子実体のつき方）
  • Basidiocarp aggregation　（子実体の発生の仕方）
• Pileus:
  • Pileus shape, top view　（上面からみた傘の形状）
  • Pileus upper surface color (when fresh)　（生時の傘の表面の色）
  • Pileus shape, side view　（側面から見た傘の形状）
  • Pileus length　(cm)　（傘の長さ）
  • Pileus width (cm)（傘の幅）
• Pores:
  • Pores shape　（菅孔の形状）
  • Pores surface color (when fresh)　（生時の菅孔面の色）
  • Pores density　(number per mm)（菅孔の密度）
• Context and tube
  • Context thickness (cm) （傘肉の厚さ cm　）
  • Tube layer length（菅孔の長さ）
• Basidiospores:
  • Basidiospore shape　（胞子の形状）
  • Basidiospore length （胞子の長さ）
  • Basidiospore width （胞子の幅）
• Others
  • Geographic distribution　（地理的分布域）
  • Substrates (angiosperm or gymnosperm)　（基質 広葉樹か針葉樹か）
  • Substrates (living or dead substrates) (基質　生きているか死物か）
  • Anamorphic form (Subgrobose fruitbodies in which prodused chlamydospores （内部に厚壁胞子を形成する類球形の子実体）
• Culture
  • Culture growth rate on MEA media (per day)　（1日あたりの菌叢の成長速度）
  • Optimum growth temperature in culture （最適成長温度）
  • Culture color （菌叢の色）
  • Texture of aerial mycelium in culture　（気中菌糸の形状）
  • Chlamydospores presence in culture　（菌叢上での厚壁胞子の形成の有無）
  • Conidiospores presence (の形成の有無)

****OLD characters****

• Basidiocarps: attachment of stipet to the pireus子実体(担子菌の): 柄の位置
• Basidiocarps: type of fruiting body attachment
• Basidiocarps: aggeregation
• Basidiocarps: length
• Basidiocarps: width
• Pileus: shape of pileus, side view
• Pileus: shape of pileus, top view
• Spore shape
• Pores shape
• Pores surface color when fresh
• Pores density
• Pileus: upper surface color when fresh
• Tube layer length
• Geographic distribution
• Substrates: occurring on living of dead substrates
• Culture: color
• Culture: growthrate on MEA media par day
• Culture: chlamidospores presence
• Culture: aerial mycerum;texture
• Culture: optimum growth temperature

Taxa

• Laetiporus cremeiporus
• Laetiporus fujiensis
• Laetiporus versisporus (Lloyd) Imazeki
• Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill 'European hardwood/Taxus form'
• Laetiporus cincinnatus (Morgan) Burds., Banik & Volk
• Laetiporus conifericola Burds. & Banik
• Laetiporus gilbertsonii Burds.
• Laetiporus gilbertsonii var. pallidus Burds.
• Laetiporus huronensis Burds. & Banik
• Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murrill, 'N. American form'

OLD Taxa

• Laetiporus cremeiporus
• Laetiporus fujiensis
• Laetiporus versisporus(Lloyd) Imazeki
• Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murrill 'European hardwood-taxus form'
• Laetiporus cincinnatus
• Laetiporus conifericola
• Laeitporus gilbertsonii Burds.
• Laetiporus gilbertsonii var. pallidus Burds.
• Laetiporus huronensis Burds. & Banik
• Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.:Fr.) Murrill, ‘N. American form’

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Laetiporus multi-access key data