Difference between revisions of "Zambion monodon"

Latest revision as of 10:19, 23 December 2011

Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Ichneumonidae
Genus: Zambion

Name

Zambion monodon Kasparyan – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Zambion monodon Kasparyan, 1993: 86.

Diagnosis

Zambion monodon can be distinguished from all other Zambion spp. by having the mesopleuron approximately half black (dorsally) and half yellow (ventrally) (Fig. 5) (all other species are concolourous on mesopleuron – either all brown to black or all yellow to orange). Zambion monodon is unusual in Zambion in that it lacks the ventral transverse carina of the propodeum extending from the metasomal foramen to the pleural carina (Fig. 36). The only other species of Zambion that lacks this carina is Zambion kasparyani, but the latter species has a mesopleuron that is completely yellow to orange (Fig. 46).

Description

Adult. Female (based on holotype only – see comments below). Fore wing length 7.2 mm. Clypeus separated from supraclypeal area by a strong groove (Fig. 11). Malar space 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Supraclypeal area 2.0 times as wide as high (Fig. 11), dorsomedially without a short, narrow, longitudinal lamella between the antenna. Supra-antennal horn moderately long and triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 17), about equal in length to width of pedicel at midheight in lateral view (Fig. 25). Ocello-ocular distance 1.4 times ocellar diameter. Gena 0.6 times transverse diameter of the eye. Antennal flagellum with 37 segments.
Notaulus present, but weak. Epicnemial carina medially curving slightly away from anterior edge of mesopleuron near ventral corner of pronotum (intermediate between Zambion rogeri shown in Fig. 32 and Zambion wahli shown in Fig. 33). Scutellum with lateral carinae 0.4 length of scutellum. Medial longitudinal carinae of propodeum complete and strong anterior to posterior transverse carina (Fig. 3). Carina extending from pleural carina to spiracle complete (Fig. 36). Posterior transverse carina of propodeum with lateral abscissa roughly straight, joining pleural carina at about 0.4 distance from posterior end of pleural carina to propodeal spiracle (Fig. 36). Ventral transverse carina extending from metasomal foramen to pleural carina absent (Fig. 36). Fore tibia with a strong apical point on dorsal surface. Hind femur 3.4 times as long as medial width (Fig. 1). Hind tarsal claw pectinate to about 0.5. Angulation of fore wing vein 2m-cu strong (Fig. 1).
Tergite 1 of metasoma 1.7 times as long as apical width. Dorsal longitudinal carinae of T1 extending posterior to spiracle (0.6 length of tergite), dorsolateral longitudinal carinae extending about half way to spiracle (0.3 distance of T1) (Fig. 41 of male, similar to female).
Yellow. Legs and metasoma become slightly darker yellow apically/ posteriorly. Scape, pedicel except apically, supra-antennal area except orbits ventral to medial ocellus, vertex, gena dorsal to ventral edge of eye, occiput, apex of mandibles, pronotum dorsal to furrow, mesoscutum, dorsal half of mesopleuron except subtegular ridge and scutellum except basolaterally black/ dark brown. Apex of pedicel, flagellum and distal tarsomere of hind leg brown. Entire membrane of fore wing moderately infumate (Fig. 5). Body covered with dense golden setae.
Male (based only on single male paratype noted by Kasparyan 1993^[1]): As female except fore wing length 7.0 mm. Malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Width of supraclypeal area 1.7 times medial height. Ocello-ocular distance 1.2 times ocellar diameter. Gena 0.7 times transverse diameter of eye. Lateral abscissa of posterior transverse carina of propodeum joining pleural carina at 0.3 distance from posterior end of pleural carina. (Both antennae missing or incomplete).

Material examined

Holotype: ♀, Label 1: ZAMBIA, Kitwe, Chati, 27.3.1979, K. Löyttyniemi leg. Label 2: window trap with Eucalyptus. Label 3: Holotypus Zambion monodon Kasparyan. Label 4: coll. Dept. Agr. Forest. Zool. Univ. Helsinki. [MZH]. Condition: intact except missing distal tarsomere of right foreleg and left mid leg detached and glued to top locality label. Paratypes: ♂, same data as holotype, except 8.iii.1979; ♀ same data except 15.iii.1979. (♀ paratype strongly damaged by Dermestidae).

Comments

Zambion monodon appears related to Zambion kasparyani and Zambion hirtum on the basis of the similar moderately long, triangular-shaped supra-antennal horn (Figs 16, 17, 47). Within this grouping, Zambion monodon and Zambion kasparyani both lack the ventral transverse carina of the propodeum (Figs 36, 48). Outgroup comparison with Ibornia and Thibetoides spp., reveals that this character varies between species within these two genera as well, therefore its polarity (and phylogenetic utility) in Zambion is unclear. Zambion monodon is the only species of Zambion for which the egg is known. Kasparyan (1993)^[1] stated that the dermestid damaged paratype was a female. Because the metasoma posterior to T3 is missing, it is difficult to confirm the sex; however, the length of T1 (1.8 times posterior width) and ocellar-ocular distance (1.2 times ocellar diameter) suggest that this specimen may be a male based on comparison with the dimensions of these structures in the female holotype and male paratype.

Taxon Treatment

• Bennett, A; Barnes, D; 2011: Revision of the world species of Zambion (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tryphoninae) ZooKeys, 159: 19-48. doi

Images

Figures 1–3. Zambion monodon,holotype female 1 habitus 2 head, anterior view 3 propodeum and first metasomal segment, dorsal view. Figure reproduced from Kasparyan (1993)[1].  Figures 4–5. Habitus 4 Zambion hirtum,holotype female 5 Zambion monodon,holotype female.  Figures 10–15. Head, anterior view 10 Zambion hirtum,paratype male 11 Zambion monodon, paratype male 12 Zambion rogeri,paratype male 13 Zambion eileenae,holotype female 14 Zambion wahli,paratype male 15 Zambion broadi, holotype male.  Figures 16–21. Vertex showing supra-antennal horn, dorsal view 16 Zambion hirtum, paratype male 17 Zambion monodon, paratype male 18 Zambion rogeri, paratype male 19 Zambion eileenae, holotypefemale 20 Zambion wahli, holotypefemale 21 Zambion broadi, holotype male.  Figures 22–27. 22 Head, anterior view, Zambion hirtum, paratype male showing unidentate mandible 23 Supraclypeal area, anterolateral view, Zambion hirtum, male (non-type) (arrow points to longitudinal lamella between antennae) 24–27 head, lateral view 24 Zambion hirtum, paratype male 25 Zambion monodon, holotype female 26 Zambion eileenae,holotype female 27 Zambion wahli, holotypefemale.  Figures 28–33. 28–29 Head, pronotum and anterior of mesoscutum, dorsal view 28 Zambion wahli, holotype female (double arrow shows widening of pronotum) 29 Zambion broadi, holotype male (arrow shows weak notaulus) 30–31 Pronotum, lateral view 30 Zambion hirtum, paratype male 31 Zambion wahli, holotype female 32–33Mesopleuron, lateral view (arrow points to dorsal part of epicnemial carina) 32 Zambion rogeri, holotype male 33 Zambion wahli, holotype female.  Figures 34–39. 34 Propodeum, dorsal view. Zambion hirtum, holotype female35–37 Propodeum, dorsolateral view (double-headed arrows indicate length of pleural carina anterior and posterior to point of union with posterior transverse carina) 35 Zambion hirtum, paratype male 36 Zambion monodon, holotype female (note lack of ventral transverse carina) 37 Zambion broadi, holotype male 38–39 Fore wing 38 Zambion hirtum, holotype female 39 Zambion hirtum,paratype male. llc – lateral longitudinal carina, mlc – medial longitudinal carina, pc – pleural carina, ptc – posterior transverse carina, ps – propodeal spiracle, vtc – ventral transverse carina.  Figures 40–45. 40–41 First metasomal segment, lateral view (hollow arrow marks posterior end of dorsal longitudinal carina, solid arrow denotes posterior end of dorsolateral longitudinal carina) 40 Zambion hirtum, paratype male 41 Zambion monodon, paratype male 42 Anterior of metasoma, lateral view, Zambion monodon, paratype male (arrow points to laterotergite of second metasomal segment) 43 Tergites 2 and 3, dorsal view, Zambion hirtum, holotype female 44 Posterior of metasoma, lateral view showing ovipositor, Zambion hirtum, holotype female 45 Egg, lateral view, Zambion monodon, holotype female.  Figures 46–48. Zambion kasparyani, holotype male 46 Habitus 47 Head, dorsal view 48 Propodeum, dorsolateral view (note lack of ventral transverse carina similar to Zambion monodon in Fig. 36).

Other References

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2} Kasparyan D (1993) Zambion, a new tryphonine genus from Africa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Zoosystematica Rossica 1: 86-88.