Tytthus neotropicalis
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Ordo: Hemiptera
Familia: Miridae
Genus: Tytthus
Name
Tytthus neotropicalis (Carvalho) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Cyrtorhinus costae: Carvalho 1945[1]: 316 (misident., habitus, parameres).
- Cyrtorhinus neotropicalis Carvalho1954: 425 (orig. descrip.).
- Tytthus neotropicalis: Carvalho and Southwood 1955[2]: 25 (n. comb.); Carvalho 1958: 158 (cat.); Carvalho and Rosas 1965[3]: 210 (list); Maldonado 1969[4]: 88 (descrip., Figs); Carvalho and Afonso 1977[5]: 9 (list); Schuh 1995[6]: 249 (cat.); Hernández and Henry 2010[7]: 123 (diag., hosts).
Diagnosis
This species is readily distinguished from all other species of Tytthus by the dark brown to fuscous head, pronotum, and scutellum; pale translucent hemelytra; pale yellow legs; and especially the pale first antennal segment having a broad, dark band through the middle. No other species has a broad band on antennal segment I with the base and apex pale. Males and females of this species are always macropterous.
As noted in the diagnosis of Tytthus juturnaiba, a photograph of the holotype stored in the PBI Heteroptera Species Database contradicts the color of antennal segments I and II described in the original description. If my interpretation of the banded antennal segment I in the photograph is correct, the two species probably are conspecific. A final decision, however, must await examination of the holotype of Tytthus juturnaiba.
Description
Male (n = 10) (26, 63, 64): Length to apex of hemelytron 2.40–2.60 mm, length to base of cuneus 1.68–1.80 mm, width across hemelytra 0.82–0.83 mm. Head: Length 0.27–0.29 mm, width across eyes 0.54–0.59 mm, interocular width 0.27–0.29 mm. Labium: Length 0.94–1.07 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.24–0.29 mm, II 0.75–0.96 mm, III 0.37–0.51 mm, IV 0.32–0.34 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.32–0.34 mm, basal width 0.74–0.77 mm.
Coloration: Head (Figs 65–67: Uniformly black, with an indistinct, pale yellow, interocular spot near inner margin of each eye; eyes reddish brown. Labium: Pale yellow, with apical half of segment IV brown. Antenna: Segment I pale or whitish on apical and basal fourth, with a broad, uniformly dark brown to fuscous band through middle and a very narrow dark brown ring at base; segments II–IV uniformly dark brown to fuscous. Pronotum: Uniformly dark brown to fuscous. Mesoscutum: Uniformly dark brown to fuscous. Scutellum: Uniformly dark brown to fuscous. Hemelytron: Translucent, highlighted or tinged with pale brown on clavus and inner half of corium, inner half of clavus along claval commissure accented with darker brown; translucent dusky brown. Ostiolar evaporative area (Fig. 68): Dark reddish brown. Ventral surface: Thorax and abdomen uniformly dark reddish brown to fuscous. Legs: Coxae pale yellow, with bases reddish brown; femora pale yellowish, with metafemur sometimes accented with pale orange; tibiae, tarsi, and claws (Fig. 70) pale yellow.
Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Shiny, impunctate, wider than long; buccula narrow, tapering posteriorly, ending near hind margin of eye; set with scattered, relatively long, semierect setae. Labium: Extending just beyond metacoxae to base of abdomen; segment I extending past base of head to middle of xyphyus before procoxae. Antenna: Segment I with short, relatively sparse, recumbent setae and two or three erect, subapical, bristlelike setae; segment II evenly set with short, recumbent setae. Pronotum: Shiny, impunctate; calli weakly swollen, entire area covered with a glaucous sheen; anterior angles rounded; lateral margins concave, strongly flaring at posterior angles; posterior margin weakly sinuate; evenly set with recumbent and semierect setae, especially on disc. Mesoscutum: Broadly exposed; set with scattered semierect setae. Scutellum: Impunctate, equilateral; set with scattered, relatively long, semierect setae. Hemelytron: Macropterous, cuneus and membrane fully developed, extending well beyond apex of abdomen; evenly set with recumbent setae.
Male genitalia (Fig. 69): Left paramere (Fig. 156): Mitt-shaped; right arm long and broad, tapering to a point apically; left arm shorter, pointed. Right paramere (Fig. 157): Elongate oval. Endosoma (Fig. 158): Strongly C-shaped. Phallotheca (Fig. 159): Relatively slender, apically acute.
Female (n = 10) (Fig. 27): Length to apex of hemelytron 2.66–3.01 mm, length to base of cuneus 2.02–2.18 mm, width across hemelytra 0.96–1.04 mm. Head: Length 0.29–0.32 mm, width across eyes 0.56–0.61 mm, interocular width 0.27–0.32 mm. Labium: Length 1.06–1.17 mm. Antenna: Segment I length 0.26–0.27 mm, II 0.70–0.86 mm, III 0.45–0.54 mm, IV 0.43–0.45 mm. Pronotum: Length 0.32–0.35 mm, basal width 0.80–0.86 mm.
Similar to males in overall appearance, differing primarily in the slightly broader body form.
Hosts
No specific host known. Associated with grass savannas and marshes and pine-oak sand scrub.
Distribution
This species was described from Brazil (Carvalho 1954[8]) and later reported from Ecuador, Peru, Puerto Rico, Surinam (Schuh 1995[6]), and Cuba (Hernández and Henry 2010[7]). New country records are Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Haiti, Mexico (Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, the United States (Florida), and Venezuela.
Specimens examined
ARGENTINA: Misiones: Parque Nacional de Iguazú, 25.61666°S, 54.33333°W, Dec 1975, collector unknown, 1 ♀ (00095357) (AMNH). BELIZE: Toledo: Punta Gorda, 16.1°N, 88.8°W, Mar 1931, J.J. White, 1 ♀ (00161324) (USNM). BOLIVIA: El Beni: 40 km E. San Borja, Estacion Biologica Beni, Estancia El Porvenir, 06 Sep 1987 - 08 Sep 1987, W. E. Steiner, at black light trap in open grass savanna and marsh, 4 ♂♂ (00161989 - 00161990, 00161994, 00161997) (USNM). Capivara on Rio Itenez, approx. 20 km E. of Versalles, 22 Jul 1964, J. K. Bouseman, J. Lussenhop, 1 ♂ (00165932) (AMNH). Sara: Locality unknown, 1700, Steinbach, 1 ♂ (00138669) (USNM). BRAZIL: Amazonas: Estirao do Equador, AM, 4.52378°S, 71.56085°W, Oct 1979, Alvarenga, 1 ♂ (00161385) (USNM). Ceara: Barbalha, 7.3167°S, 39.2833°W, May 1969, M. Alvarenga, 1 ♂ (00161384) (USNM). Minas Gerais: Vicosa, 20.75°S, 42.8833°W, 653 m, 13 Oct 1985 - 01 Nov 1985, T. J. Henry and P. S. F. Ferreira, 15 ♂♂ (00161893, 00161959 - 00161965, 00161968 - 00161972, 00161978, 00162006), 18 ♀♀ (00161892, 00161966 - 00161967, 00161973 - 00161977, 00161979 - 00161988) (USNM). Para: Belem Co.: 8 km E Belem, Ananindeua, 12 Jun 1973, R. T. Schuh, 1 ♀ (00138665) (USNM). Rio Guama, 28 Aug 1973, R. T. Schuh, 2 ♂♂ (00138658, 00138734) (USNM). Jacareacanga, 6.2667°S, 57.65°W, 88 m, Jun 1970, F. R. Barbosa, 1 ♂ (00161386) (USNM). Parana: Antonia, Reserva Sapitanduva, 05 Oct 1986, Lev. Ent. ProfauPar. lampada, 1 ♀ (00161380) (USNM). Rio de Janeiro: Conceicao de Macabu, Aug 1977, M. Alvarenga, 1 ♀ (00138738) (USNM); Sep 1978, Alvarenga, 2 ♂♂ (00161322, 00161323) (USNM). Est do Rio, 1947, J.C.M. Carvalho, 3 ♀♀ (00161991 - 00161993) (USNM). Estrada Rio-Sao Paulo, Km 47, 22.8669°S, 43.7789°W, 12 Nov 1943, O. Braga, 1 ♂ (00174909) (MNRJ). Guaratiba, 22.9667°S, 42.8°W, Nov 1941, J. C. M. Carvalho, 1 ♂ (00161379) (USNM). Rondonia: 62 km SW of Ariquemes, near Fzda. Rancho Grande, 10.32921°S, 63.46881°W, 30 Mar 1992 - 10 Apr 1992, J. E. Eger, 1 ♂ (00161338), 2 ♀♀ (00161339, 00161340) (USNM). Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 27.18333°S, 52.38333°W, 642 m, Dec 1944, F. Plaumann, 3 ♀♀ (00161381 - 00161383) (USNM); 03 Aug 1951, F. Plaumann, 1 ♀ (00161336) (USNM). São Paulo: São Paulo Co.: km 47, Estr. Rio, 1950, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♂ (00161390) (USNM). CUBA: Havana: Habana-Alamar-Cojimer, 210 m, 10 Aug 1966 - 24 Aug 1966, Jar. Prokop, 1 ♂ (00161320) (USNM). Mantanzas: Varadero, 23.1536°N, 81.2514°W, 31 Jan 1965, Jar. Prokop, 1 ♀ (00161321) (USNM). HAITI: Ouest: Port-au-Prince, 18.5392°N, 72.335°W, 99 m, Jul 1961, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♂ (00161998) (USNM). MEXICO: Veracruz: Los Tuxtlas area, Rio Maquinas, “Los Tuxtlas” Biological Station, 31 km NE of Catemaco, 04 May 1981 - 14 May 1981, C. M. & O. S. Flint, Jr., 1 ♀ (00161389) (USNM). Los Tuxtlas area, Rio Palma, below La Palma, “Los Tuxtlas” Biological Station, 31 km NE of Catemaco, 05 May 1981, C. M. & O. S. Flint, Jr., 1 ♀ (00161388) (USNM). Veracruz, 19.18333°N, 96.11666°W, 1 m, Dec 1961, N. L. H. Krauss, 1 ♀ (00161343) (USNM). NICARAGUA: Managua: Managua, 12.15083°N, 86.26833°W, Baker, 1 ♂ (00161378), 1 ♀ (00161595) (USNM). PANAMA: Canal Zone: Playa Venado, 30 Jul 1975 - 31 Jul 1975, E. M. & J. L. Fisher, 1 ♂ (00138763) (UCR). Cocle: Agua Dulce, 1951, Blanton, 2 ♂♂ (00161328, 00161329) (USNM); 07 Aug 1951, Blanton, 2 ♂♂ (00161326, 00161327), 1 ♀ (00161325) (USNM). Aguadulce, 07 Aug 1951, Blanton, 4 ♂♂ (00161353 - 00161356) (USNM); 25 Sep 1951, F. S. Blanton, 1 ♀ ( 00161344) (USNM). Puerto Obaldia, 04 Nov 1952, collector unknown, 1 ♀ (00161609) (USNM). Rio Hato, 8.3833°N, 80.1667°W, 03 Aug 1953, F. S. Blanton, 1 ♀ (00161319) (USNM). Darien: El Real, 8.1333°N, 77.7167°W, 17 m, 19 Mar 1953, F. S. Blanton, 2 ♀♀ (00161995, 00161996) (USNM). Garachine, 8.06472°N, 78.36277°W, 18 Feb 1953, F. S. Blanton, 1 ♀ (00161999) (USNM). Panama: Las Cumbres, 9.06°N, 79.32°W, 113 m, 28 Jul 1971, M. Daykin, 1 ♂ (00138698) (UCD). Tocumen, 9.0833°N, 79.3833°W, 25 Mar 1952, F. S. Blanton, 2 ♀♀ (00161341, 00162000) (USNM); 17 Nov 1952, F. S. Blanton, 1 ♀ (00161924) (USNM); 04 Dec 1952, F. S. Blanton, light trap, 1 ♀ (00161923) (USNM); 05 Oct 1953, F. S. Blanton, 1 ♀ (00161342) (USNM). PARAGUAY: Alto Parana: Reserva Biol. Tati Yupi, 14 Nov 1990, G. Arriagada, 2 ♂♂ (00161345, 00161346), 6 ♀♀ (00161347 - 00161352) (USNM). Tarija: Gran Chaco Co.: 260 kilometers west of the Paraguay River, 13 Jul 1935, Alberto Schulze, 1 ♂ (00161927) (USNM). PERU: La Libertad: Trujillo, near mouth of Rio Moche, 02 Jul 1972, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1 ♀ (00138706) (USNM). Lima: Callao, 12.03333°S, 77.13333°W, 3 m, 17 Nov 1950, Michelbacher and Ross, 1 ♀ (00161611) (USNM). Loreto: Km 3 Tournavista Rd., 34 km W Pucallpa, 8.48333°S, 74.8°W, 300 m, 13 Dec 1971 - 31 Dec 1971, R. T. & J. C. Schuh, light trap, 63 ♂♂ (00138655 - 00138657, 00138659, 00138671, 00138674 - 00138675, 00138678, 00138680, 00138683, 00138687, 00138691, 00138694, 00138696 - 00138697, 00138699, 00138702, 00138705, 00138712, 00138718, 00138721 - 00138728, 00138730 - 00138733, 00138737, 00138739 - 00138740, 00138744, 00138746 - 00138747, 00138750, 00138752 - 00138753, 00138758 - 00138759, 00138761 - 00138762, 00138764 - 00138767, 00138770 - 00138775, 00138778 - 00138779, 00138782 - 00138786, 00138788), 26 ♀♀ (00138661, 00138663, 00138667, 00138670, 00138676, 00138681, 00138685 - 00138686, 00138688, 00138695, 00138700 - 00138701, 00138704, 00138707 - 00138709, 00138714 - 00138715, 00138717, 00138720, 00138735, 00138751, 00138769, 00138777, 00138780, 00161318) (USNM). Lake Yarinacocha, 10 km NW of Pucallpa, 150 m, 08 Dec 1971 - 10 Dec 1971, R. T. Schuh, light trap, 2 ♀♀ (00138736, 00138741) (USNM); 08 Dec 1971, R. T. Schuh, light trap, 1 ♂ (00138692) (USNM). Madre de Dios: Tambopata Co.: Rio Tambopata Reserve, 30 air km SW Pto. Maldonado, 290 m, 26 Nov 1979 - 30 Nov 1979, J. B. Heppner, subtropical moist forest, 1 ♀ (00161337) (USNM). PUERTO RICO: Caguas: Caguas, May 1965, Ricardo Jorge, 2 ♂♂ (00161361, 00161362) (USNM). El Verde, Jun 1967, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♂ (00161360), 1 ♀ (00161359) (USNM). Cayey: Cayey, Jul 1961, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♂ (00161363), 3 ♀♀ (00138713, 00161364 - 00161365), 1 nymph (00161366) (USNM). Comerio: Comerio, 05 Jun 1961, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♂ (00161376) (USNM). Guanica: Locality unknown Co.: Lake Guanica, 23 Jul 1936, H. L. Dozier, 1 ♀ (00161335) (USNM). Guayanilla: Guayanilla, Sep 1960 - Nov 1960, E. Murphy, 2 ♀♀ (00161370, 00161371) (USNM). Maricao: Maricao, Jul 1960, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♂ (00161375) (USNM). Mayaguez: Sabanetas Co.: Mani Beach, 04 Aug 1935, H. L. Dozier, 1 ♀ (00161334) (USNM). Mayaguez, Mar 1960, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♀ (00161372) (USNM); Jun 1962, J. Maldonado C., 3 ♂♂ (00161367 - 00161369) (USNM); Jul 1975, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♀ (00161373) (USNM). Mayaguez, Dec 1964, R. Ricardo, 1 ♂ (00161357), 1 ♀ (00161358) (USNM). Rio Grande: El Yunque, Apr 1967 - Jun 1967, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♀ (00161374) (USNM). San Juan: San Juan, 18.46633°N, 66.10573°W, 02 Aug 1914 - 03 Aug 1914, collector unknown, 1 ♀ (00161377) (USNM). Cayey, 18.113°N, 66.166°W, 431 m, 1961, Julio, 1 ♂ (00095356) (AMNH). UNITED STATES: Florida: Highlands Co.: Archbold Biological Station, S of Lake Placid, hill area E. of Station, 27.18333°N, 81.34166°W, 01 Jan 2007, W.E. Steiner and J.M. Swearingen, at black light in pine-oak sand scrub, 1 ♀ (00161391) (USNM). VENEZUELA: Aragua: Maracay Co.: Maracay, 10 Jul 1968, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♀ (00161387) (USNM). Maracay, 10.24694°N, 67.59583°W, 548 m, 10 Jul 1968, J. Maldonado C., 1 ♂ (00161433) (USNM). Guanare: Estado Portuguesa, 10 Sep 1957 - 13 Sep 1957, Borys Malkin, 2 ♂♂ (00161330, 00161331), 2 ♀♀ (00161332, 00161333) (USNM).
Taxon Treatment
- Henry, T; 2012: Revision of the Plant Bug Genus Tytthus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Phylinae) ZooKeys, 220: 1-114. doi
Other References
- ↑ Carvalho J (1945) Mirídeos neotropicais: XVII. Gêneros “Cyrtorhinus” Fieber e “Bothrophorella” Reuter (Hemiptera). Revista de Brasileira Biologia 5: 315-319.
- ↑ Carvalho J, Southwood T (1955) Revisão do complexo Cyrtorhinus Fieber – Mecomma Fieber (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Miridae). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi 11: 1–72, 25 Figs
- ↑ Carvalho J, Rosas A (1965) Mirideos neotropicais, XCV: Genero e especies nova do Suriname, com uma lista de espécies coligidas em Paramaribo (Hemiptera). Revista de Brasileira Biologia 25: 207-210
- ↑ Maldonado J (1969) The Miridae of Puerto Rico (Insecta, Hemiptera). University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper 45: 1-133.
- ↑ Carvalho J, Afonso C (1977) Mirídeos neotropicais, CCVIII: Sobre uma coleção enviada para Estudo Pela Academia de Ciencias da California (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 37: 7-16.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Schuh R (1995) Plant Bugs of the World (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae). Systematic Catalog, Distributions, Host List, and Bibliography. New York Entomological Society, New York. 1329 pp. (http://research.amnh.org/pbi/catalog) [accessed during preparation of ms. through Sept. 2011].
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hernández L, Henry T (2010) The Plant Bugs, or Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), of Cuba. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia and Moscow. 212 pp.
- ↑ Carvalho J (1954) Neotropical Miridae, LXXVII: Miscellaneous observations in some European museums (Hemiptera). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 26: 423-427.
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