Trichosiopsis subpilosa

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Sciaridae
Genus: Trichosiopsis

Name

Trichosiopsis subpilosa Edwards, 1925 – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link

  • Sciara subpilosa Edwards, 1925[1]: 536; fig. 10
  • Leptosciara subpilosa (Edwards, 1925)[2]: 47, 74; fig. 16
  • Trichosia (Leptosciarella) subpilosa (Edwards, 1925)[3]: 22
  • Leptosciarella (Leptosciarella) subpilosa (Edwards, 1925)[4]: 61-62; fig. 10

Type material

Holotype: ♂, in BMNH, leg. Edwards, 01.07.1923

Type locality

Great Britain, England, North Lancashire, Grange

Material studied

Austria: 1 ♂, Großglockner, Barták, 21.07.1989, PWMP 1608; Germany: 4 ♂, Baden-Württemberg, Bad Buchau, Federsee near avalanche forest, Malaise trap, Doczkal, 24.5.-14.07.2003, ZSMC 2147, 2163, PKHH 4470, PDDM 17; 2 ♂, Bad Rotenfels, avalanche forest Birkenkopf, Malaise trap, Doczkal, 12.5.-02.06.2003, PKHH 7061; 3 ♂, Sandweier, Niederwald, oak forest with sandy grassland, Malaise trap, Doczkal, 13.5.-08.06.2006, PKHH 5228; 1 ♂, Stollhofen, airport, Malaise trap, Doczkal, 12.-28.07.1997, PASS 22; 1 ♂, Bavaria, Lindau, forest at shore of Lake Constance, sweep netting, Heller, 27.05.2004, PKHH 4203; 1 ♂, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Elisenhain near Greifswald, Mohrig, 01.06.1984, PWMP 1606; 1 ♂, Greifswald, Arboretum, Malaise trap, Mohrig, 2.-08.06.1996, PWMP 1623; 1 ♂, 28.8.-09.09.1997, PWMP 1293; 1 ♂, 10.-16.07.1996, PWMP 1622; 3 ♂, 24.5.-18.07.1997, PWMP 1290, 1291, 1620; 4 ♂, 1.-23.06.1997, PWMP 1286-1289; 1 ♂, 23.-28.07.1996, PWMP 1621; 1 ♂ 1 ♀, garden, Malaise trap, Mohrig, PWMP 1619; 1 ♂, central area, yellow pan trap, Mohrig, 20.-23.06.1995, PWMP 1624; 1 ♂, decidusous forest, Malaise trap, Jaschhof, 21.5.-26.06.1995, PKHH 5265; 1 ♂, “Neuer Friedhof”, Malaise trap, Mohrig, 17.5.-01.06.1997, PWMP 1292; 1 ♂, Gützkow near Greifswald, Hasenberg, Röschmann, 05.1991, PWMP 1607; 1 ♂, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Cologne, district Dünnwald, garden, Malaise trap, Franzen, 30.5.-06.06.1989, PKHH 1248; 2 ♂, 9.-16.05.1989, PKHH 1237; 1 ♂, Cologne, district Poll, gardeb, Malaise trap, Franzen, 18.-25.09.1990, PKHH 2958; 1 ♂, Rhineland-Palatine, Kirchheimbolanden, Nature Reserve Albertskreuz, Malaise trap, Doczkal, 23.5.-07.06.2002, PKHH 4887; 1 ♂, Saxony-Anhalt, Thale, Roßtrappe, Bode valley, mixed forest, sweep netting, Heller, 26.05.2006, PKHH 4753; 1 ♂, Schleswig-Holstein, Blumenthal, wood sample, beech with oak, photoeclector, Arp, 10.4.-19.05.2000, PKHH 3128; 1 ♂, Flensburg, Marienhölzung, forest, Malaise trap, Barkemeyer, 4.-11.08.1999, PKHH 3090; 2 ♂, Fröruper Berge, forest with bog, Malaise trap, Barkemeyer, 20.-27.06.1997, PKHH 2869; 1 ♂, Heikendorf, Stückenberg 58, garden, Malaise trap, Heller, 6.-14.06.1997, PKHH 2373; 1 ♂, Heikendorf, Arthur-Zabel-Weg 25, garden, Malaise trap, Heller, 25.6.-02.07.2000, PKHH 3134; 1 ♂, Kiel, Melsdorfer Straße, forest, Malaise trap, Kassebeer, 25.6.-02.07.1995, PKHH 1066; 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 21.-28.05.1995, PKHH 1052-1054; 1 ♂, Kiel, university, garden, Malaise trap, Heller, 30.5.-07.06.1996, PKHH 1503; 1 ♂, Trent near Plön, Trent bog, Malaise trap, Kassebeer, 22.-29.05.1994, PKHH 640; 1 ♂, Wankendorf, young beech wood sample, photoeclector, Warning, 8.-22.05.1989, PKHH 891; 2 ♂, Thuringia, Kyffhäuser, oak forest, sweep netting, Heller, 22.05.2006, PKHH 4750; Greece: 1 ♂, Kerkini, Ramna Site, Malaise trap, Ramel, 30.4.-04.05.2008, PKHH 6920; Netherlands: 1 ♂, Tilburg, Kaaistoep, Malaise trap, v. Zuijlen, 3.-10.10.1998, NNKN 3; 3 ♂, 23.-30.05.1998, PKHH 3750; Russia: 1 ♂, Central Russia, Jaroslavskaya Oblast, Mamaev, 29.06.1961, PWMP 1617; 1 ♂, Lugowaya, Krivosheina, 08.1993, PWMP 1609; 1 ♂, Primorskyi Krai, Mamaev, 09.1968, PWMP 1618; Sweden: 2 ♂, Blekinge, Tromtö, beech and oak forest, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 22.7.-25.09.2004, PKHH 5810, NHRS 961; 6 ♂, Skåne, Mölle, Kullabergs naturreservat, Oak forest in southern slope, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 9.8.-20.09.2005, NHRS 2802, 2803, 3307, PKHH 6858; 1 ♂, Simrishamn, Stenshuvud National Park: Svabeholmsskog, hornbeam forest, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 22.5.-20.06.2005, PKHH 7251; 1 ♂, 20.-26.06.2005, PKHH 6660; 4 ♂, Södermannland, Nämdö, Krokudden, Krokvik, spruce and pine forest, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 5.7.-07.08.2008, NHRS 4211-4214; 2 ♂, 23.5.-29.07.2009, NHRS 5106; 9 ♂, Uppland, Biskops-Arnö, northern beach, elm grove, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, PKHH 7381-7383, NHRS 5443-4555; 1 ♂, Lövstabruk, Malaise trap, Hippa & Gustavsson, 9.-12.06.1992, NHRS 31; 1 ♂, Stockholm, Djurgården Park, Malaise trap, Heinakroon, 31.5.-13.06.1994, NHRS 595; 4 ♂, Öland, Skogsby, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad) "diversitetsängen", meadow with bushes, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 20.5.-28.06.2006, NHRS 2357, 2623-2625; Ukraine: 1 ♂, Sakarpatye, near Rakhiv, sweep netting, Mamaev, 05.08.1963, PWMP 1612.

Description (male)

Head. Eye bridge 5 rows of facets. LW-index of 4th antennal flagellar segment 2–2.2; neck 0.3–0.5 of segment width; Transition of basal part to neck pronounced. Colour of neck unicolour. Antennal hairs shorter than segment width; dense; salient. Palps darkened; normal, or long; palpomeres 3. First palpomere elongate; with 6–9 bristles; with only some sparse sensillae. Second palpomere elongate. Third palpomere longer than first segment. Thorax. Colour very dark, or brown. Notum unicolorous. Thoracic setae normal; dark. Mesonotum with some weaker central bristles. Posterior pronotum bare. Laterotergite bare. Legs. Colour yellow, or yellow-brown. Hind coxae darkened. Hairs on fore coxae black. Front tibia apically with a patch of setae. Front tibial organ dark. Front tibial organ not bordered. Tibial setae on hind legs normal, shorter than tibial width. Tibial spurs of equal length. Claws untoothed. Wings. Wings slightly darkened; of normal shape. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Wing venation weak, with faint m-base. M-fork of normal shape. R1 inserting at or slightly before base of m-fork; posterior veins with macrotrichia; stM mainly with macrotrichia; cuA1 and cuA2 mainly with macrotrichia; bM bare, or setose; r-m mostly setose; bM:r-M 0.95–1.2; st-Cu:bM 0.25–0.4; r1:r 1.05–1.3; C:w 0.65–0.75. Halteres dark; of normal length. Abdomen. Abdominal setae strong and dense; dorsally dark; ventrally dark. Hypopygium concolour with abdomen; 0.62–0.8 × longer than wide. Base of gonocoxites with lobelike structure; gonocoxites narrowly separated, or fused; inner margin of gonocoxites narrowly U-shaped; inner part of hypopygium bare; elongated setae on valves of hypopygium absent. Gonostylus globular; 1.9–2.3 × longer than wide; Inner margin concave; apex equally rounded, or with two obtuse angles. Apical tooth present; 2–2.3 × longer than broad; weak. Awl-like setae normal; below apex absent, or present. Megasetae on inner part of gonostylus absent. Whiplash-hair absent. Tegmen rectangular with rounded edges; normal; Central process absent. Length of aedeagus/hypopygium 15–30 %; Aeadeagal apical structure absent. Measurements. Body size 3–3.8 mm. Hind tibia 1.5–1.7 mm. Wing length 2.5–3.7 mm.

Diagnosis

This large species is characterized by the bifid lobe at the base of the gonocoxites. Both parts of the lobe are densely covered with strong setae and separated y a narrow gap. The most similar species are Tr. subelegans and Tr. soror. Trichosiopsis subpilosa is well characterized by the unique lobe-like structure on the hypypygial base and the unusually shaped gonostyli. The lobe at the base of the gonocoxites is clearly bifid. Both parts are densely covered with strong setae and separated y a narrow gap. A similar species is Trichosiopsis subviatica by the dark colour of the body, the strong bristles and the similar shape of gonostyli. Still more similar are Trichosiopsis soror and Trichosiopsis subelegans. For differences see under the latter.

DNA Barcoding

The COI sequence is assigned to BIN BOLD:ACD8487 (average distance 0.89%, max. 3.85%, n=59, K2P: 11.4%).

Etymology

sub- lat. = under, beneath; pilosus lat. = bristly. The name makes reference to the similarity with Trichosiopsis pilosa.

Ecology

Trichosiopsis subpilosa is a very common and widespread species. It was occasionally reared from dead wood, but much less frequently than other related species. It is quite often found in urban habitats.

Discussion

A species similarity with Trichosiopsis pilosa as indicated by the name cannot be proven. At the time of Edwards´ original description not many species of Trichosiopsis were known. Tr. subpilosa was regarded as identical to Tr. subelegans[4], but both species proved to be clearly distinct both genetically and morphologically. Tr. supilosa is by far the more common species, but anyway most of the literature records still need to be verified.

Tr. subpilosa has a genetically wide intraspecific range of up to nearly 4%, which may indicate the presence of cryptic subspecies. Otherwise it is morphologically and genetically very distinct.

Distribution

Austria[4], Czech Republic[5][6][7], Denmark[4], Finland[2][3], Germany[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], Great Britain[1][20][21], Greece, Ireland[22][20], Italy[23], Netherlands[24], Norway[25], Russia[4], Slovakia[26][27], Sweden[28], Ukraine[4].

Images

Figure 1. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, habitus, scale 1 mm
Figure 1. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, habitus, scale 1 mm 
Figure 2. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 2. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 3. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, gonostylus (ventral view), scale 0.1 mm
Figure 3. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, gonostylus (ventral view), scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 4. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, basal lobe of hypopgium, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 4. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, basal lobe of hypopgium, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 5. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 5. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 6. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, 4th antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 6. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, 4th antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 7. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, palpus, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 7. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, palpus, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 8. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, wing, scale 1 mm
Figure 8. Trichosiopsis subpilosa male, wing, scale 1 mm 

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Edwards, F.W. 1925: XXII. British fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). With a revised generic classification of the family. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1925(3-4), 505–670.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Frey, R. 1948: Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Mückenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropäischen Arten. Notulae Entomologicae, 27(2-4), 33-112.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tuomikoski, R. 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae “Vanamo”, 21, 1–164.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Mohrig, W.; Menzel, F. 1997: Revision der paläarktischen Arten von Trichosia Winnertz sensu Tuomikoski, 1960 (Diptera, Sciaridae). – Teil II. Gattungen Leptosciarella Tuomikoski, 1960 und Trichodapus gen. nov. Studia dipterologica, 4(1), 41–98.
  5. ↑ Menzel, F.; Mohrig, W.; Barták, J. 2000: Sciaridae. In: J. Vanhara & M. Barták (Eds.), Diptera in an industrially affected region (North-Western Bohemia, Bilina and Duchcov Environs), I, Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis (104). pp. 73-81.
  6. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 2000: Neue Trauermücken aus Mähren (Diptera: Sciaridae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins e. V., 25, 75–86.
  7. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 1998: Sciaridae. In: R. Rozkošný & J. Vaňhara (Eds.), Diptera of the Pálava Biosphere Reserve of UNESCO, I, Folia Facultatis Scientiarium Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia. Brno. pp. 49–55.
  8. ↑ Schulz, U. 1996: Vorkommen und Habitatanforderungen von Bodenmakroarthropoden in Natur- und Wirtschaftswäldern: ein Vergleich (Coleoptera, Nematocera: Sciaridae, Aranea: Linyphiidae im Hienheimer Forst, Niederbayern). Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Forstwissenschaftliche Fakultät.
  9. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 2006: Neue Trauermücken-Arten aus Bayern und eine erweiterte Bestandsaufnahme der aus Bayern bekannten Arten (Diptera: Sciaridae). Entomofauna, 27, 433-447.
  10. ↑ Hennicke, S.; Martschei, T.; Müller-Motzfeld, G. 1997: Erste Ergebnisse der Erfassung ausgewählter Arthropodengruppen der Stadt Greifswald (Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Saltatoria). Insecta, 5, 51-100.
  11. ↑ Hövemeyer, K. 1997: Die Dipterengemeinschaft eines südniedersächsischen Eichen-Hainbuchenwaldes. Göttinger Naturkundliche Schriften, 4, 137–150.
  12. ↑ Hövemeyer, K. 1996: Die Dipterengemeinschaft eines Erlenuferwaldes in Südniedersachsen. Braunschweiger naturkundliche Schriften, 5, 71–84.
  13. ↑ Werner, D. 1997: Die Dipterenfauna verschiedener Mülldeponien und Kompostierungsanlagen in der Umgebung von Berlin unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Ökologie und Bionomie. Studia dipterologica Supplement (1). AMPYX-Verlag, Halle.
  14. ↑ Menzel, F.; Schulz, U.; Taeger, T. 2003: Neue Trauermücken-Funde aus dem nordostdeutschen Tiefland, mit einer ökologischen Betrachtung von Wurzelteller-Fängen und einer Checkliste der aus Berlin/Brandenburg bekannten Arten (Diptera: Sciaridae). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 53(1), 71–105.
  15. ↑ Eckert, R.; Mohrig, W.; Kallweit, U. 1999: Ein Beitrag zur Mückenfauna (Trauer- und Pilzmücken) der Höhlen deutscher Mittelgebirge (Harz, Kyffhäuser, Thüringer Wald, Zittauer Gebirge). Mitteilungen des Verbandes der deutschen Höhlen- und Karstforscher e. V. München, 45(2), 66-70.
  16. ↑ Heller, K. 1998: Beiträge zur Sciaridenfauna Schleswig-Holsteins (Diptera). Teil 1. Das Trentmoor bei Plön. Dipteron, 1(3), 45-56.
  17. ↑ Heller, K. 2002: Beiträge zur Sciaridenfauna Schleswig-Holsteins (Diptera, Sciaridae). Teil III. Die Sciariden des Projektgebietes “Integrierter Landbau Rade.” Dipteron, 4, 109-124.
  18. ↑ Irmler, U.; Heller, K.; Warning, J. 1996: Age and tree species as factors influencing the populations of insects living in dead wood (Coleoptera, Diptera: Sciaridae, Mycetophilidae). Pedobiologia, 40(2), 134–148.
  19. ↑ Menzel, F.; Heller, K. 2006: Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) aus dem Nationalpark „Hainich“ (Thüringen) nebst der Beschreibung von Scatopsciara andrei Menzel spec. nov. Studia dipterologica, 13(1), 45–59.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Menzel, F.; Smith, J.E.; Chandler, P. 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146, 1-147. PDF
  21. ↑ Freeman, P. 1983: Sciarid flies. Diptera, Sciaridae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol 9 (6). Royal Entomological Society of London, London.
  22. ↑ Menzel, F.; Smith, J.E.; Chandler, P. 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146, 1–147.
  23. ↑ Röschmann, F.; Mohrig, W. 1993: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Trauermücken der Alpenländer. Teil II: erste Sciaridenfunde aus den Italienischen Meeralpen (Alpes Maritimus). (Diptera, Sciaridae). Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 80, 389-402. PDF
  24. ↑ Heller, K. 2011: Sciaridae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) aus dem Naturreservat „De Kaaistoep“, Niederlande. Studia dipterologica, 17(1-2), 172–176.
  25. ↑ GBIF Trichosiopsis subpilosa
  26. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 2009: Die Trauermücken des Poľana Biosphären-Reservats (Diptera: Sciaridae). Casopis Slezskeho zemskeho muzea, serie A, 58, 39-46.
  27. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G.; Ševčík, J. 2012: Fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea) of the Gemer region (Central Slovakia): Part 3 – Sciaridae. Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, 61, 143–157.
  28. ↑ Heller, K.; Vilkamaa, P.; Hippa, H. 2009: An annotated check list of Swedish black fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae). Sahlbergia, 15(1), 23-51.
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