Tomogenius

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Histeridae

Name

Tomogenius Marseul, 1862 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Tomogenius Marseul, 1862: 499. Type species Saprinus incisisternus Marseul, 1862 (=Tomogenius incisus (Erichson, 1842)), by monotypy.

Diagnosis

Cuticle brown to black; elytra in one species with faint bluish hue; frontal, supraorbital striae absent (in T. papuaensis supraorbital striae vaguely present); lacinial hook present; antennal club with two oval sensory areas dorsally and two slit-like pits ventrally. Elytral epipleuron with double marginal epipleural stria; elytra with short hooked appendix between fourth dorsal and sutural striae (absent in T. papuaensis); pronotal depressions absent; prosternum apically with two large deep foveae, separated by thin ‘bridge’ formed by the apex of prosternal process (in case of one species widely separated); lateral costa of antennal groove reaching prosternal process (except in T. papuaensis), but not elevated; ninth tergite of male genitalia divided longitudinally.

Biology

Species of the genus Tomogenius are found in bat guano as well as bird’s nests: T. latipes has been collected in the guano of the New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata Gray, 1843) and in the nest of the New Zealand Kingfisher Halcyon sancta vagans (Gray, 1844). Tomogenius australis and T. kuscheli have been found in petrel burrows (Dahlgren 1976; T. kuscheli has also been found in the nest of Fluttering Shearwater, Puffinus gavia (Forster, 1844)); T. latipes has been found in the nest of Kaka (Nestor meridionalis Gmelin, 1788; Jackson 1963), as well as sifted from the forest litter; T. ripicola was collected in bat guano and under a sheep carcass.

Distribution

The genus is endemic for the Australopacific Region: seven species are currently known from Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea (Mazur 2011; Figs 766–767).

Remarks

Tomogenius is most similar to the Holarctic genus Gnathoncus Jacquelin du Val, 1857 from which it differs chiefly by larger body size, different arrangement of sensory structures of antennal club, lateral costa of antennal groove not being elevated and the presence of two large median foveae situated at the apex of prosternal process. On the other hand, it shares with Gnathoncus several putative synapomorphies: absent both frontal and supraorbital striae, double marginal epipleural stria, presence of characteristic short, hooked appendix between fourth dorsal and sutural stria (except T. papuaensis), presence of lacinial hook (=uncus) of maxilla and longitudinally divided ninth tergite of male genitalia. Tomogenius and Gnathoncus are both found mostly in nests of birds and/or mammals, with some species also found in caves presumably feeding on arthropod larvae present on guano or carrion. They represent an amphi-polar clade with few species from the tropics (only two of the 25 currently known species of Gnathoncus are present in the Old World tropics; see Mazur 2011 and Vienna and Ratto 2013). In the published phylogenetic analysis of the senior author (Lackner 2014d), Tomogenius and Gnathoncus were recovered as sister taxa, supported by three ‘strong’ synapomorphies. Together with the genera Erebidus Reichardt, 1941 and Myrmetes Marseul, 1862 they were placed near the root of the tree; this position was further confirmed by the ongoing molecular studies (Lackner, unpublished).
Key to Australopacific species of Tomogenius Marseul, 1862

Remarks — T. Lackner , R. Leschen

1	(2)	Elytra without short hooked appendix between fourth dorsal and sutural striae (Fig. 716)     Tomogenius papuaensis Gomy, 2007 (New Guinea)
2	(1)	Lead statement missing!    Elytra with short hooked appendix between fourth dorsal and sutural striae (Fig. 698) (species from Australia and New Zealand)
3	(4)	Two large foveae situated at the apex of the prosternal process widely separated from each other (Fig. 622)     Tomogenius australis Dahlgren, 1976 (New Zealand)
4	(3)	Lead statement missing!    Two large foveae situated at the apex of the prosternal process united apically by a thin ‘bridge’ (Fig. 642)
5	(6)	Larger species, PEL up to 4.40 mm; first dorsal elytral stria missing (Fig. 660)     Tomogenius kuscheli Dahlgren, 1976 (New Zealand)
6	(5)	Lead statement missing!    Smaller species, PEL up to 4.10 mm; first dorsal elytral stria always present (Fig. 638)
7	(8)	Prosternum, meso- and metaventrite of male with distinct dense long setae (Figs 642); carinal prosternal striae distinctly divergent apically (Fig. 642); prosternal foveae large (Fig. 642)     Tomogenius incisus (Erichson, 1842) (Australia)
8	(7)	Lead statement missing!    Meso- and metaventrite of male without long dense setae, at most there are short and thin setae; carinal prosternal striae only faintly divergent apically (Fig. 684); prosternal foveae small to medium-sized (Fig. 684)
9	(10)	Meso- and metaventrite of male with short thin setae; light brown species (Fig. 698)     Tomogenius motocola Mazur, 1990 (Australia)
10	(9)	Lead statement missing!    Meso- and metaventrite of male never with setae; dark brown or black species with blueish tinge
11	(12)	Punctures on apical half of elytra distinctly aciculate, dark brown species (Fig. 679)     Tomogenius latipes (Broun, 1881) (New Zealand)
12	(11)	Punctures on apical half of elytra not aciculate, bi-colored species: pronotum dark brown, elytra black with faint blueish luster (Fig. 732)     Tomogenius ripicola (Marseul, 1870) (Australia)

Taxon Treatment

• Lackner, T; Leschen, R; 2017: A monograph of the Australopacific Saprininae (Coleoptera, Histeridae) ZooKeys, (689): 1-263. doi

Images

Figure 619. Tomogenius australis Dahlgren, 1976 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 620–628. 620 Tomogenius australis Dahlgren, 1976 head, dorsal view 621 mentum, ventral view 622 prosternum 623 mesoventrite 624 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 625 protibia, dorsal view 626 ditto, ventral view 627 mesotibia, ventral view 628 metatibia, ventral view.  Figures 629–637. 629 Tomogenius australis Dahlgren, 1976 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 630 ditto, dorsal view 631 ditto, lateral view 632 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 633 ditto, lateral view 634 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 635 ditto, lateral view 636 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 637 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 638. Tomogenius incisus (Erichson, 1842) habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 639–647. 639 Tomogenius incisus (Erichson, 1842) head, dorsal view 640 antennal club, ventral view 641 propygidium + pygidium 642 prosternum 643 mesoventrite + metaventrite (male) 644 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 645 protibia, ventral view 646 mesotibia, ventral view 647 metatibia, ventral view.  Figures 648–650. 648 Tomogenius incisus (Erichson, 1842) mandibles, dorsal view 649 labrum: left half depicting dorsal view and right half depicting epipharynx 650 antennal club, ventral view showing sensory structures of the antenna.  Figures 651–659. 651 Tomogenius incisus (Erichson, 1842) male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 652 ditto, dorsal view 653 ditto, lateral view 654 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 655 ditto, lateral view 656 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 657 ditto, lateral view 658 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 659 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 660. Tomogenius kuscheli Dahlgren, 1976 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 661–669. 661 Tomogenius kuscheli Dahlgren, 1976 head, dorsal view 662 antennal club, dorsal view 663 mentum, ventral view 664 propygidium + pygidium 665 prosternum 666 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 667 protibia, dorsal view 668 ditto, ventral view 669 metatibia, ventral view.  Figures 670–678. 670 Tomogenius kuscheli Dahlgren, 1976 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 671 ditto, dorsal view 672 ditto, lateral view 673 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 674 ditto, lateral view 675 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 676 ditto, lateral view 677 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 678 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 679. Tomogenius latipes (Broun, 1881) habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 680–688. 680 Tomogenius latipes (Broun, 1881) head, dorsal view 681 antennal club, ventral view 682 mentum, ventral view 683 propygidium + pygidium 684 prosternum 685 mesoventrite 686 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 687 protibia, dorsal view 688 ditto, ventral view.  Figures 689–697. 689 Tomogenius latipes (Broun, 1881) male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 690 ditto, dorsal view 691 ditto, lateral view 692 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 693 ditto, lateral view 694 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 695 ditto, lateral view 696 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 697 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 698. Tomogenius motocola Mazur, 1990 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 699–707. 699 Tomogenius motocola Mazur, 1990 head, dorsal view 700 mentum, ventral view 701 propygidium + pygidium 702 prosternum 703 mesoventrite 704 metaventrite 705 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 706 protibia, dorsal view 707 ditto, ventral view.  Figures 708–715. 708 Tomogenius motocola Mazur, 1990 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 709 ditto, dorsal view 710 ditto, lateral view 711 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view; spiculum gastrale, ventral view 712 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites; spiculum gastrale, lateral view 713 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 714 ditto, lateral view 715 male terminalia: apex of aedeagus, frontal view.  Figure 716. Tomogenius papuaensis Gomy, 2007 habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 717–722. 722 Tomogenius papuaensis Gomy, 2007 head, dorsal view 718 propygidium + pygidium 719 prosternum 720 mesoventrite 721 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 722 protibia, dorsal view.  Figures 723–731. 723 Tomogenius papuaensis Gomy, 2007 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 724 ditto, dorsal view 725 ditto, lateral view 726 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 727 ditto, lateral view 728 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 729 ditto, lateral view 730 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 731 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 732. Tomogenius ripicola (Marseul, 1870) habitus, dorsal view.  Figures 733–741. 733 Tomogenius ripicola (Marseul, 1870) head, dorsal view 734 antennal club, dorsal view 735 ditto, ventral view 736 propygidium + pygidium 737 prosternum 738 mesoventrite 739 lateral disc of metaventrite + metepisternum 740 protibia, dorsal view 741 ditto, ventral view.  Figures 742–750. 742 Tomogenius ripicola (Marseul, 1870) male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, ventral view 743 ditto, dorsal view 744 ditto, lateral view 745 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 746 ditto, lateral view 747 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 748 ditto, lateral view 749 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 750 ditto, lateral view.  Figure 755. Distribution of Saprininae in New Guinea and Solomon Islands: Hypocacculus (Hypocacculus) hyla (Marseul, 1864) (New Guinea); Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus) brasiliensis (Paykull, 1811) (New Guinea: New Britain); Saprinus (Saprinus) cyaneus cyaneus (Fabricius, 1775) (New Guinea); Saprinus (Saprinus) grandiclava Kanaar, 1989 (New Guinea); Saprinus (Saprinus) nitiduloides Fairmaire, 1883 (New Guinea: New Britain; Solomon Islands); Saprinus (Saprinus) splendens (Paykull, 1811) (New Guinea) and Tomogenius papuaensis Gomy, 2007 (New Guinea).  Figure 766. Distribution of the genus Tomogenius Marseul, 1862 in New Zeland: Tomogenius australis Dahlgren, 1976; Tomogenius kuscheli Dahlgren, 1976 and Tomogenius latipes (Broun, 1881).  Figure 767. Distribution of the genus Tomogenius Marseul, 1862 in Australia: Tomogenius incisus (Erichson, 1842); Tomogenius motocola Mazur, 1990 and Tomogenius ripicola (Marseul, 1870).