Gnathoncus
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Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Histeridae
Name
Gnathoncus Jacquelin du Val, 1857 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Gnathoncus Jacquelin du Val, 1857: 112. Type species Hister rotundatus Kugelann, 1792, designated by Thomson (1859[1]: 75).
Diagnosis
Cuticle brown to black, never metallic; frontal, supraorbital striae absent; pronotal hypomeron glabrous; pronotal depressions absent; elytra occasionally imbricate, punctures on apical part of elytra sometimes forming longitudinal rugae; marginal epipleural stria double; fourth dorsal elytral stria never connected with sutural stria; apical elytral stria usually shortened; elytra with characteristic hooked appendix between fourth dorsal and sutural striae at elytral base; anterior ends of fourth dorsal elytral and sutural elytral striae form a small hook. Prosternum without prosternal foveae; median fossa often present; carinal prosternal striae strongly convergent anteriorly, united under sharp angle; lateral prosternal striae shortened, strongly convergent anteriorly; prosternal process flattened, broad; outer-lateral costa reaches prosternal process, its basal margin distinctly elevated; metaventrite of males at times longitudinally concave; ninth tergite of male genitalia divided longitudinally.
Biology
Gnathoncus is predominantly composed of inquilinous species, present in the nests of birds or mammals; some species are found exclusively inside these nests where they are predators (Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt 1976[2]), presumably preying upon larvae of fleas and other tiny arthropods. Some species, however, are occasionally collected on carrion. Both species of Gnathoncus occurring in the Australopacific Region are typical synanthropes and are often collected in pigsties, dovecotes or chicken coops.
Distribution
Twenty-four species and subspecies are known to occur worldwide, most in the Holarctic Region (Mazur 2011[3]); several species were possibly distributed over the globe by human activity. In Australopacific Region two introduced species have been collected in New Zealand and Australia (Fig. 754).
Remarks
This genus can most easily be confused with the species of Tomogenius, endemic to the Australopacific Region, by the combination of absent frontal and supraorbital striae (Fig. 69) and presence of two marginal epipleural striae. Species of the genus Gnathoncus differ from Tomogenius by having a smaller body size, but chiefly by the absence of two large median foveae on the apex of prosternal process (Fig. 702; present in Tomogenius).
Key to the Australopacific species of the genus Gnathoncus Jacquelin du Val, 1857
Taxon Treatment
- Lackner, T; Leschen, R; 2017: A monograph of the Australopacific Saprininae (Coleoptera, Histeridae) ZooKeys, (689): 1-263. doi
Images
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![Figures 81–89. 81 Gnathoncus communis (Marseul, 1862) male terminalia after Ôhara (1994)[4]: 8th sternite, ventral view 82 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, dorsal view 83 ditto, lateral view 84 male terminalia: apex of aedeagus, dorsal view 85 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 86 ditto, lateral view 87 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 88 ditto, lateral view 89 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-689-001-g015.jpg)
![Figures 103–110. 103 Gnathoncus rotundatus (Kugelann, 1792) male terminalia after Ôhara (1994)[4]: 8th sternite, ventral view 104 male terminalia: 8th sternite + 8th tergite, dorsal view 105 ditto, lateral view 106 male terminalia: 9th + 10th tergites, dorsal view 107 ditto, lateral view 108 male terminalia: spiculum gastrale, ventral view 109 male terminalia: aedeagus, dorsal view 110 ditto, lateral view.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-689-001-g019.jpg)
Other References
- ↑ Thomson C (1859) Skandinaviens Coleoptera, synoptiskt bearbetade, I. Berlingska Bocktryckeriet, Lund, 290 pp.
- ↑ Kryzhanovskij O, Reichardt A (1976) Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. In: Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp. [In Russian]
- ↑ Mazur S (2011) A concise catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera). Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW Press, Warsaw 332 pp.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ôhara M (1994) A revision of the superfamily Histeroidea of Japan (Coleoptera). Insecta Matsumurana (N. S. ) 51: 1–238.
