Tethina

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Mathis W, Marinoni L (2012) A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil. ZooKeys 162 : 59–92, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2012-01-05, version 20368, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tethina&oldid=20368 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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@article{Mathis2012ZooKeys162,
author = {Mathis, Wayne N. AND Marinoni, Luciane},
journal = {ZooKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil},
year = {2012},
volume = {162},
issue = {},
pages = {59--92},
doi = {10.3897/zookeys.162.2370},
url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/2370/abstract},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2012-01-05, version 20368, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tethina&oldid=20368 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil
A1 - Mathis W
A1 - Marinoni L
Y1 - 2012
JF - ZooKeys
JA -
VL - 162
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.162.2370
SP - 59
EP - 92
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2012-01-05, version 20368, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tethina&oldid=20368 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/zookeys.162.2370

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

<ref name="Mathis2012ZooKeys162">{{Citation
| author = Mathis W, Marinoni L
| title = A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil
| journal = ZooKeys
| year = 2012
| volume = 162
| issue =
| pages = 59--92
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/zookeys.162.2370
| url = http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/2370/abstract
| pmc =
| accessdate = 2025-03-06

}} Versioned wiki page: 2012-01-05, version 20368, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Tethina&oldid=20368 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Canacidae

Name

Tethina Haliday (77 species worldwide; 3 from Brazil) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

  • Tethina Haliday, in Curtis 1837[1]: 293 (as a subgenus of Opomyza; published in synonymy; first made available by use in Haliday 1838[2]: 188). Type species: Opomyza (Tethina) illota Haliday 1838[2], by subsequent monotypy (Haliday 1838[2]: 188). Sturtevant 1923[3]: 5–7 [discussion of synonymy, listing of Nearctic species]. Thompson and Mathis 1981[4]: 86 [citation, nomenclature]. Mathis and Munari 1996[5]: 13–19 [world catalog]. Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 608–630 [revision of Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico species]. Sabrosky 1999[7]: 32, 304 [citations, nomenclature]. Munari and Mathis 2010[8]: 48–66 [world catalog].
  • Rhicnoessa Loew 1862[9]: 174. Type species: Rhicnoessa cinerea Loew, by monotypy. Loew 1865[10]: 34–39 [revision]. Williston 1908[11]: 292, 296 [fig. of head, key]. Collin 1911[12]: 234 [probable synonymy with Tethina]. Malloch 1913[13]: 147 [discussion, fig. of head]. Hendel 1917[14]: 46 [synonymy in key]; 1934: 46 [references]. Munari 1990[15]: 60–61 [status as a subgenus of Tethina].
  • Phycomyza Melander 1952[16]: 198. Type species: Rhicnoessa milichioides Melander, by original designation. Vockeroth 1965[17]: 727 [Nearctic catalog]. Foster 1976a[18]: 338 [synonymy].
  • Rhicnoessa cinerea. Czerny 1902[20]: 256 [generic combination].
  • Rhicnoessa willistoni Melander 1913[21]: 298 [new name for Anthomyza cinerea of Williston 1896[19], not Loew 1862[9]]. Hendel 1934[22]: 51 [citation]. Melander 1952[16]: 201 209 [key, citation].
  • Tethina willistoni. Foster 1976b[23]: 3 [generic combination, Neotropical catalog]. Mathis and Munari 1996[5]: 19 [world catalog]. Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 611, 613, 615–618 [revision, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, neotype designation, figs. head and ♂ terminalia]. Munari and Mathis 2010[8]: 65 [world catalog].
  • Rhicnoessa bermudaensis Melander 1952[16]: 203 [Bermuda. Castle and Cooper Islands; LT ♂ (designated by Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 612), USNM]. Mathis and Foster 2007[24]: 421 [synonymy].
  • Tethina bermudaensis. Vockeroth 1965[17]: 727 [generic combination, Nearctic catalog]. Woodley and Hilburn 1994[25]: 53–54 [citation, Bermuda]. Mathis and Munari 1996[5]: 15 [world catalog]. Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 611–613 [revision, lectotype designation, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, fig. of ♂ terminalia].
  • Rhicnoessa variseta Melander 1952[16]: 209 [United States. California. Orange: Corona del Mar; LT ♂ (designated by Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 616), USNM]. Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 615 [synonymy, lectotype designation].
  • Tethina variseta. Vockeroth 1965[17]: 728 [generic combination, Nearctic catalog]. Mathis and Munari 1996[5]: 19 [world catalog].
  • Tethina carioca Prado and Tavares 1966: 433 [Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Ilha do Governador (Galeão); HT ♂, FIOC (13356); figs. of ♂ terminalia and wing]. Foster 1976b[23]: 2 [Neotropical catalog]. Mathis and Munari 1996[5]: 15 [world catalog]. Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 615 [synonymy].
  • Tethina albula of authors, not Loew 1869[26] [misidentification]. Frey 1919[27]: 15.
  • Anthomyza xanthopoda Williston 1896[19]: 445 [West Indies. St. Vincent; LT ♂ (designated by Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 620); BMNH]. Czerny 1902[20]: 256 [citation, placement in Rhicnoessa].
  • Tethina xanthopoda. Foster 1976b[23]: 3 [generic combination, Neotropical catalog]. Woodley and Hilburn 1994[25]: 54 [citation, Bermuda]. Mathis and Munari 1996[5]: 19 [world catalog]. Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 620–624 [revision, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, lectotype designation, figs. of head and ♂ terminalia]. Munari and Mathis 2010[8]: 66 [world catalog].
  • Rhicnoessa xanthopoda. Czerny 1902[20]: 256 [generic combination]. Melander 1913[21]: 298 [key]; 1952: 202 209 [key, citation]. Hendel 1934[22]: 51 [citation].
  • Rhicnoessa seriata Melander 1952[16]: 206 [United States. Florida. Dade: Miami; LT ♂ (designated by Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 620), USNM]. Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 620 [synonymy, lectotype designation].
  • Tethina seriata. Vockeroth 1965[17]: 728 [generic combination, Nearctic catalog]. Mathis and Munari 1996[5]: 18 [world catalog].
  • Tethina brasiliensis Prado and Tavares 1966: 435 [Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Ilha do Governador (Galeão); HT ♂, FIOC (13358); figs. of ♂ and ♀ terminalia]. Foster 1976b[23]: 2 [Neotropical catalog]. Artigas et al. 1992[28]: 127–129 [figs. of puparium]. Mathis and Munari 1996[5]: 15 [world catalog]. Foster and Mathis 1998[6]: 620 [synonymy].

Diagnosis

Tethina is distinguished from other genera of the subfamily Tethininae by the following combination of characters: Head: Frons bearing some setulae in addition to larger setae; fronto-orbital and orbital setae usually with similar orientation, mostly reclinate or lateroclinate; fronto-orbital setae 3–4; postocellar setae more or less convergent (lacking in Tethina lusitanica). Face with shiny tubercle above vibrissal pore. Eye appearing bare, setulae very sparse or lacking. Gena bare (except for Tethina pictipennis and Tethina lusitanica, which have scattered, inconspicuous setulae) except for a ventral or nearly ventral row of setulae; gena high in many species, height 0.50–0.75 that of eye height. Palpus and proboscis usually normally developed; clypeus small, if exposed not protruding anteriad beyond oral margin. Thorax: Scutum generally with more or less numerous rows of coarse setulae arising from punctures; scutellar disc bare; postpronotum with 3 or more setae, ventral seta curved upward; acrostichal setulae in two or more complete or nearly complete rows (lacking in Tethina lusitanica); prescutellar acrostichal setae present (lacking in Tethina lusitanica). Wing with costa not spinose; vein A1+CuA2 short, much shorter than discal cell; wing usually shorter, about twice as long as wide (less often 2.5–3.0 times); cell bm and discal cell distinct. Mid and hind tibiae evenly setulose, lacking anterodorsal or posterodorsal setae. Abdomen: Tergites wider than long; tergite 6 well differentiated from short syntergosternite 7+8, the latter forming a dorsal pregenital sclerite. Male terminalia: Surstylus positioned at ventral margin of epandrium, usually broadly articulated externally with epandrium, internally with subepandrial sclerite; aedeagus usually very long and sinuous, either thick and straplike or narrow and ribbonlike; aedeagus micropubescent dorsally.

Discussion

Worldwide among genera of Tethininae, Tethina has more than half of the described species (77 of 115) (Munari 2002[29]). Two species occur in the study area and a third, Tethina albula (Loew), has been reported (Prado and Tavares 1966[30]) but not seen as part of this study. Since Tethina albula has been reported from Brazil, and as there is the possibility of its occurrence there, we have included it in the key to species. The included species of Tethina occur along maritime beaches of the littoral biotic region. Specimens are sometimes abundant, especially on fresh and decomposing wrack.

Key to Species of Tethina from Brazil

Key to Species of Tethina from Brazil — W. Mathis , L. Marinoni
1
Gena short, 0.33 or less height of eye; setae and setulae black. Apex of scutellum with yellowish to reddish spot (may vary in size but always obvious) 
  Tethina xanthopoda (Williston)
–
Gena high, 0.37–0.75 height of eye; setae and setulae mostly white. Apex of scutellum uniformly gray microtomentose 
  2
2
Surstylus in lateral view straight 
  Tethina willistoni (Melander)
–
Surstylus in lateral view curved anteroventrally 
  Tethina albula (Loew)

Taxon Treatment

  • Mathis, W; Marinoni, L; 2012: A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil ZooKeys, 162: 59-92. doi

Other References

  1. ↑ Curtis J (1837) A guide to an arrangement of British insects; being a catalogue of all the named species hitherto discovered in Great Britain and Ireland, London, vi+294 pp.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Haliday A (1838) New British insects indicated in Mr. Curtis’s Guide [part]. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2: 183-190. doi: 10.1080/00222933809512369
  3. ↑ Sturtevant A (1923) New species and notes on synonymy and distribution of Muscidae Acalypteratae (Diptera). American Museum Novitates 76: 1-12.
  4. ↑ Thompson F, Mathis W (1981) Haliday‘s generic names of Diptera first published in Curtis‘ A Guide to...British Insects (1837). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 70 (2): 80-89.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Mathis W, Munari L (1996) World catalog of the family Tethinidae (Diptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 584: 1-27. doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.584
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 Foster G, Mathis W (1998) A revision of the family Tethinidae (Diptera) from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100 (4): 601-632.
  7. ↑ Sabrosky C (1999) Family-group names in Diptera. An annotated catalog. Myia, Vol. 10, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 576 pp. [including a bibliography by Thompson FC, Evenhuis NL, Sabrosky CW]
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Munari L, Mathis W (2010) World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa. Zootaxa 2471: 1-84.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Loew H (1862) Ueber einige bei Varna gefangene Dipteren. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 6 (6): 161-175.
  10. ↑ Loew H (1865) Ueber die europäischen Arten der Gattung Rhicnoëssa. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 9: 34-39.
  11. ↑ Williston S (1908) Manual of North American Diptera. Third ed., New Haven, Connecticut, 405 pp.
  12. ↑ Collin J (1911) Additions and corrections to the British list of Muscidae Acalyptratae [part]. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 46: 229-234.
  13. ↑ Malloch J (1913) A synopsis of the genera of Agromyzidae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the US National Museum 46: 127-154.
  14. ↑ Hendel F (1917) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1917 (1): 33-47.
  15. ↑ Munari L (1990) Contributo alla conoscenza dei Tethinidae afrotropicali. IV. Tethinidae raccolti ad Aldabra dalla “Aldabra Atoll Royal Society Expedition (1967–68)” e nel Sud Africa da R.E. Turner e B. & P. Stuckenberg, con descrizione di due nuove specie (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Società Veneziana di Scienze Naturali - Lavori 15: 51-68.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Melander A (1952) The North American species of Tethinidae (Diptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 59: 187-212.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Vockeroth J (1965) Family Tethinidae. In: Stone A et al. (Eds) A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. USDA Agricultural Handbook 276, Washington, DC, 726–728.
  18. ↑ Foster G (1976a) Notes on the Phylogeny of the Nearctic Tethinidae and a Review of the Genus Neopelomyia Hendel, and the Tethina milichioides Group (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 78 (3): 336-352.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Williston S (1896) XI. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 3: 253-446.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Czerny L (1902) Bemerkungen zu den Arten der Gattungen Anthomyza Fll. und Ischnomyia Lw. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 21 (10): 249-256.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Melander A (1913) A synopsis of the dipterous groups Agromyzinae, Milichinae, Ochthiphilinae and Geomyzinae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 21 (4): 283-300.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Hendel F (1934) Revision der Tethiniden (Dipt. Muscid. acal.). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 1934: 37-54.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Foster G (1976b) [Fascicle] 74. Family Tethinidae. In Papavero N (Ed) A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 1–4
  24. ↑ Mathis W, Foster G (2007) Canacidae (Diptera) from the Delmarva States. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 120 (4): 387-428. [387:CDFTDS2.0.CO;2 doi: 10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[387:CDFTDS]2.0.CO;2]
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Woodley N, Hilburn D (1994) The Diptera of Bermuda. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 28 (2): 1-64.
  26. ↑ Loew H (1869) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 13: 1-52.
  27. ↑ Frey R (1919) Mitteilungen über südamerikanische Dipteren. Vetenskaps-Societetens Förhandlingar 60A 14(1918): 1–35.
  28. ↑ Artigas J, Papavero N, de Souza Amorim D (1992) On the puparium of Tethina brasiliensis Prado and Tavares (Diptera, Tethinidae). Gayana Zoologia 56(3/4): 127–129.
  29. ↑ Munari L (2002) Beach flies (Diptera: Tethinidae) of the Palaearctic Region: An annotated checklist, including world distribution. Società Veneziana di Scienze Naturali - Lavori 27: 17-25.
  30. ↑ Prado AP d, Tavares O (1966) Sôbre duas espécies novas do gênero “Tethina” Haliday, 1838 (Diptera, Tethinidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 26 (4): 429-439.
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