Solanum stenophyllum (Knapp, Sandra 2013)
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Ordo: Solanales
Familia: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum
Name
Solanum stenophyllum Dunal, Solan. Syn. 15. 1816 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Solanum stenophyllum Knapp, Sandra, 2013, PhytoKeys 22: 1-1.
Description
Description. Shrubs or small trees, 1-6 m tall. Stems and leaves densely pubescent with golden yellow tree-like trichomes; leaf scars prominently raised, the stem strongly winged between the nodes; new growth densely pubescent with golden-yellow dendritic and tree-like trichomes. Bark of older stems dark brown, somewhat pubescent. Sympodial units plurifoliate, branching usually dichasial, sometimes monochasial. Leaves simple, 5-9 cm long, 1.1-3 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, the upper surfaces drying black, shiny, sparsely puberulent along the veins with golden dendritic or tree-like trichomes, the lower surfaces densely pubescent with short, matted, golden dendritic and tree-like trichomes, the mesophyll usually not visible, these drying golden, occasional sparser or rarely completely absent; primary veins ca. 11 pairs, these impressed above; base attenuate, winged onto the petiole and then onto the stem; margins entire; apex acute or rounded; petiole 2-5 mm long, strongly winged on to the stem and not clearly differentiated from the leaf base. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes appearing lateral from shoot overtopping, often in the fork of the new branches, 2.5-4 cm long, branching 5-7 times, with 8-10 flowers, pyramidal, the axis densely pubescent with golden dendritic and tree-like trichomes; peduncle 1-2 cm long; pedicels 0.6-1.2 cm long, tapering from a basal diameter of 0.5 mm to an apical diameter of ca. 1 mm, nodding at anthesis, densely pubescent with matted, golden dendritic and tree-like trichomes, articulated at the base and inserted in a sleeve ca. 1 mm long; pedicel scars closely spaced and clustered near the inflorescence branch tips. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube. Flowers all perfect, 4-5-merous. Calyx tube 2-5 mm long, conical, the lobes 1.5-3 mm long, deltate to long-triangular, densely pubescent abaxially with matted dendritic and tree-like trichomes, densely pubescent adaxially with golden dendritic trichomes. Corolla 2-2.4 cm in diameter, violet or occasionally white (Ecuador), lobed 1/2 to 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 8-14 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, planar at anthesis, densely pubescent abaxially with golden dendritic trichomes, these denser at the tips of the lobes, adaxially glabrous. Filament tube less than 0.5 mm long; free portion of the filaments 1.5-2 mm long, glabrous; anthers 3.5-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores becoming slit-like with age. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 7-9 mm long, glabrous or finely pubescent near the base in a few Ecuadorian specimens; stigma bilobed, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 1-1.4 cm in diameter, purplish black with thin pericarp; fruiting pedicels 0.8-1.2 cm long, woody, deflexed or nodding. Seeds ca. 15 per fruit, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, reddish-brown, flattened lenticular or roundish in outline, the surfaces minutely pitted. Chromosome number: not known.
Distribution
Distribution (Figure 94). Andes from northern Colombia to southern Ecuador and northern Peru, from 2500-3300 m.
Discussion
Discussion. Solanum stenophyllum is one of the most easily recognised members of the Solanum nitidum species group, with its strongly discolorous leaves that are bright yellow beneath. It is most closely related to Solanum cutervanum and Solanum ruizii (as assessed by morphological cladistics, see Knapp 1989), differing from those species in its winged stems and glabrous styles. In N central Ecuador, near Quito, populations of Solanum stenophyllum often have white flowers and occasionally pubescent styles. The leaf pubescence of these plants also appears a brighter shade of yellow when dry than that of other populations. This geographical variant has been called Solanum neriifolium. These plants are otherwise identical to the rest of the species range, so these populations are not accorded species status. A few collections of Solanum stenophyllum are nearly glabrous and superficially similar to Solanum imbaburense and Solanum coalitum. Plants of Solanum stenophyllum, however, always have at least some tree-like trichomes with very congested branches and appear to be rare regional variants. Solanum coalitum is completely glabrous and has swollen calyces, but occurs within the distribution of some of the more glabrous spopulations of Solanum stenophyllum. Specimens of Solanum stenophyllum, however, always have at least some dendritic and tree-like trichomes on the inflorescence axis or new growth, distinguishing them from the completely glabrous Solanum coalitum. The type locality of Solanum stenophyllum cited by Dunal in his original description of the species was "andiniis Peruviae". Kunth, in his compilation of Humboldt and Bonpland's collections give the locality as "prope Olleros et Yanta" (in present day Dept. Piura, Peru). Kunth, however, never saw a specimen of this plant, and the type in the Bonpland herbarium at P has three labels attached, the lower two of which give the collection locality as "prope Cuenca", in present day Ecuador. The plant is a good match for populations around Cuenca, and it is probable that Kunth's locality citation is in error.
Taxon Treatment
- Knapp, Sandra; 2013: A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 22: 1-1. doi
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