Solanum sanchez-vegae (Knapp, Sandra 2013)
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Ordo: Solanales
Familia: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum
Name
Solanum sanchez-vegae S. Knapp, PLoS ONE 5 (5): e 10502. 2010 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Solanum sanchez-vegae Knapp, Sandra, 2013, PhytoKeys 22: 1-1.
Description
Description. Woody vine or lax shrub, to 6 m tall; stems glabrous to sparsely pubescent with tangled loose dendritic trichomes 1-1.5 mm long, these multi-celled and few branched; new growth pubescent with tangled dendritic trichomes 1-1.5 mm long, occasionally almost completely glabrous; bark of older stems reddish brown, glabrescent. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, (2.5-)5-12 cm long, (1.3-)2.5-5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, fleshy to chartaceous, the upper surfaces glabrous, the lower surfaces with loose dendritic trichomes to 1 mm long along the veins and occasionally extending to the lamina; primary veins 11-14, with a prominent intramarginal vein looping 1/3 of the way in from the margin, all veins impressed above; base acute to cuneate; margins entire, usually revolute; apex acute; petioles 1-3.5 cm long, stout, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, often drying dark in herbarium specimens, twining. Inflorescences terminal, to 15 cm long and very broad, branched many times, beginning very near the base, with 50-100 flowers, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with loose dendritic trichomes; peduncle to 1 cm long, the inflorescence branching very near the junction with the stem; pedicels 1.2-1.5 cm long, slender, 0.5-1 mm in diameter at the base, 1-1.2 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading at anthesis, glabrous to very sparsely pubescent, articulated at the base, leaving a prominent peg from a sleeve ca. 0.5 mm long; pedicel scars irregularly spaced, often clustered, 0.5-10 mm apart. Buds globose and becoming ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube 1-1.5 mm long, cup-shaped but abruptly narrowing from the pedicel, the lobes 1.5-2 mm long, broadly deltate and irregularly splitting, pubescent at the tips with tiny dendritic trichomes to 0.5 mm. Corolla 1.9-3 cm in diameter, lilac, stellate to stellate-rotate, lobed ca. halfway to the base, the lobes 8-10 mm long, 4-7 mm wide, planar or slightly campanulate at anthesis, densely papillate and pubescent at the tips and margins, these extending slightly along the midvein abaxially, adaxial surfaces glabrous. Filament tube <0.2 mm long, the free portion of the filaments 0.75-1.5 mm long, glabrous and shiny; anthers 4.5-5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, sagittate at the base, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 7-10 mm long, glabrous and shiny; stigma capitate and bifid, the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter, black, the pericarp thin, dull and matte; fruiting pedicels 1.6-2 cm long, ca. 7 mm in diameter rat the apex with the apex markedly more dilated, apparently nodding in fruit; fruiting calyx lobes to 5 mm, woody, the margins paler. Seeds 4-6 per berry, 5.5-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, flattened reniform, reddish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells round-rectangular in outline. Chromosome number: not known.
Distribution
Distribution (Figure 85). Endemic to the Andes of northern Peru south of the Huancabamba Depression around the middle Rio Maranon valley, from 2500 to 3250 m.
Discussion
Discussion. Solanum sanchez-vegae is a striking species, with large purple flowers and shiny rubbery leaves. It was long subsumed in the more common and widely distributed Solanum aureum, with which it is very similar. Solanum aureum differs from Solanum sanchez-vegae in its smaller flowers, generally denser more congested pubescence of dendritic trichomes with many small, short branches (as opposed to loose dendritic trichomes with larger branches) and more northerly distribution. The ranges of Solanum aureum and Solanum sanchez-vegae slightly overlap in northern Peru, but in general Solanum aureum is an Ecuadorian species. I have previously identified specimens of Solanum sanchez-vegae as Solanum aligerum, a shrubby member of the clade with similar large, open inflorescences, but Solanum aligerum has white flowers and tufts of dendritic trichomes in the vein axils, rather than purple flowers and dendritic trichomes along the veins. Solanum sanchez-vegae also resembles the Venezuelan species Solanum dichroandrum, with which it shares loose pubescence and relatively large flowers; it differs from Solanum dichroandrum in its much larger (to 3 cm rather than to 2.5 cm) purple flowers, glabrous style and few-seeded berries.
Taxon Treatment
- Knapp, Sandra; 2013: A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 22: 1-1. doi
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