Solanum pubigerum (Knapp, Sandra 2013)
| Notice: | This page is derived from the original publication listed below, whose author(s) should always be credited. Further contributors may edit and improve the content of this page and, consequently, need to be credited as well (see page history). Any assessment of factual correctness requires a careful review of the original article as well as of subsequent contributions.
If you are uncertain whether your planned contribution is correct or not, we suggest that you use the associated discussion page instead of editing the page directly. This page should be cited as follows (rationale):
Citation formats to copy and paste
BibTeX: @article{Knapp2013PhytoKeys22, RIS/ Endnote: TY - JOUR Wikipedia/ Citizendium: <ref name="Knapp2013PhytoKeys22">{{Citation See also the citation download page at the journal. |
Ordo: Solanales
Familia: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum
Name
Solanum pubigerum Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum 160, tab. 6. 1813 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Solanum pubigerum Knapp, Sandra, 2013, PhytoKeys 22: 1-1.
Description
Description. Shrubs or small trees, 1-5 m tall. Stems erect, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrescent; new growth glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple trichomes, usually drying dark. Bark of older stems brown or pale brown to yellowish brown. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, (2-)3-20 cm long, (1-)1.2-7 cm wide, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, membranous, the upper surfaces glabrous or with a very few simple uniseriate trichomes on the veins and occasionally extending to the lamina, the lower surfaces sparsely to densely pubescent all along the midrib and on the veins with simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, these usually tangled and with small cells, the trichomes occasionally extending to the lamina; primary veins 12-16(-24) pairs, usually drying yellow; base attenuate, not winged onto the stem; margins entire; apex acute; petioles 0.5-2 cm long, with the leaf base narrowly attenuate to the base, glabrous or with a few simple uniseriate trichomes, never twining. Inflorescences terminal or occasionally lateral, 4-15 cm long, many times branched, with 50-100+ flowers, glabrous or with a few scattered simple trichomes, these denser near the pedicel insertion points; peduncle 1.5-7 cm long; pedicels 0.5-0.6 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, slender, strongly nodding at anthesis, glabrous, articulated at the base from a small sleeve; pedicel scars clustered at the tips of inflorescence branches in groups of 5-10 as small platforms. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube 1-1.3 mm long, conical, the lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, deltate, glabrous with the tips and margins densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long. Corolla 1-1.4 cm in diameter, white, occasionally tinged violet, stellate, lobed 1/2 to 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 4-6 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, spreading or planar at anthesis, densely pubescent on the tips and margins with simple uniseriate trichomes, otherwise glabrous. Filament tube minute, the free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 1.5-2 mm long, 0.5-0.75 mm wide, ellipsoid, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores usually lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 5-5.5 mm long, glabrous; stigma minutely capitate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 0.7-0.8 cm in diameter, red when mature, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1-1.2 cm long, slightly woody, erect. Seeds ca. 10 per berry, 3-3.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, flattened reniform, reddish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells rectangular. Chromosome number: not known.
Distribution
Distribution (Figure 75). From the State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico to Guatemala, with disjunct populations in central Costa Rica, occurring from 2000-3200 m. Solanum pubigerum is very common in central Mexico and in the mountains around Mexico City.
Discussion
Discussion. Solanum pubigerum is extremely similar to Solanum aligerum, with which it broadly overlaps in central Mexico and Central America. The two species can be very difficult to distinguish, but Solanum pubigerum has simple trichomes all along the midrib, rather than dendritic trichomes concentrated in the veins axils or over the entire lamina. Flowers are smaller in Solanum pubigerum with the calyx lobes deltate rather than quadrate (this can be difficult to see), and the berries of Solanum pubigerum are also smaller and usually red when ripe (although label data conflict on this point, so some variation may exist). The leaves of Solanum pubigerum are in general broader than those of Solanum aligerum, but not consistently so. Although leaf size in both these species is quite variable that of Solanum pubigerum is more variable than Solanum aligerum; specimens of Solanum pubigerum have been collected with very small or very large leaves, probably due to habitat conditions. The stems of Solanum pubigerum are never winged from the decurrent leaf bases, but those of Solanum aligerum are often prominently winged, with the wings persisting in quite old stems. In general the two species appear to not occupy the same forest types where their ranges overlap. No specimens were cited in the protologue of Solanum pubigerum, but a sheet possibly collected by Dunal now housed at MPU [Morton neg. 22273] is a potential epitype; it was apparently grown at "Jardin", and annotated by Dunal in 1851 as " Solanum cervantesii Lag. pubigerum Dun."; other sheets of cultivated plants from the early 19th century held at P and G are also possible original material. I have chosen not to neotypify this name using this material, but instead to use the illustration in Dunal (1813) as the lectotype (see Figure 76), as it is undoubtably original material. I thought for a long time that Solanum leptanthum was a synonym of Solanum corymbosum, a species in section Parasolanum of the Morelloid clade, however a specimen in G cited by Dunal in the Prodromus is clearly Solanum pubigerum, but has very small flowers and a reduced inflorescence. In coining the epithet leptanthum Dunal cited a Sesse and Mocino illustration; as in the case of Solanum dulcamaroides (see discussion under that species), he is likely to have seen this in the original set brought by Mocino to Montpellier, thus the plate currently held in the Hunt Botanical Institute (6331.0673, Figure 77) is the only original material associated with this name. Another illustration in that collection (6331.0841, see http://128.2.21.109/fmi/xsl/ArtCat/browserecord.xsl?-lay=Browse&-recid=83319&-find=-find) is similar, but has black fruits and larger flowers. I suggest that this represents Solanum aligerum. Neither of these plates is annotated in Dunal's hand unlike others in the collection. Solanum cervantesii, the name by which this species was long known, was a rname coined by Lagasca to replace the herbarium name of Cervantes ' Solanum microcarpon '. I have selected a specimen from the Madrid Botanical Garden collected in 1803 annotated as Solanum cervantesii in Lagasca's hand; a possible isolectotype sheet is held at G and is annotated "Sol. microcarpon Cerv. ex. Lag.". The complex neotypification of the Sesse and Mocino epithet "lineatum" (used twice by them) is discussed in detail in Knapp (2008b). Solanum glabrum had been (like Solanum leptanthum) considered a member of the Morelloid clade. Dunal (1852) cited his own unpublished illustration ("Dun. ic. ined. t.101*") intended for publication with his expanded Synopsis (Dunal 1816), and a specimen said to be in the herbarium of Humboldt and Bonpland from "Moran, Regla et Omitlan Mexicanorum". No such specimen is present in P-Bonpl., but a sheet in the general herbarium (P00136343) from Bonpland has a label with the locality "Moran" and is labelled as in the protologue. I have chosen this sheet as the lectotype of Solanum glabrum, which represents an unusual almost completely glabrous form of Solanum pubigerum.
Taxon Treatment
- Knapp, Sandra; 2013: A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 22: 1-1. doi
This treatment was originally uploaded by Plazi, compare this treatment on Plazi. Unless this treatment has been substantially changed on Species-ID, Plazi requests to maintain a link back to the original repository.
