Solanum pittosporifolium (Knapp, Sandra 2013)
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Ordo: Solanales
Familia: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum
Name
Solanum pittosporifolium Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc. 26: 171. 1890 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Solanum pittosporifolium Knapp, Sandra, 2013, PhytoKeys 22: 1-1.
Description
Description. Small shrub or woody vine, if shrubby, plants usually scandent or trailing to 2 m long. Stems glabrous, slightly ridged, thin and flexuous; new growth glabrous or with a few glandular trichomes. Bark of older stems pale brown. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, 5-14 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, membranous, the upper surfaces glabrous or minutely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes <0.5 mm long, these 1-2-celled, the lower surfaces glabrous or with simple uniseriate trichomes along the midvein; primary veins 5-7 pairs, somewhat impressed above; base attenuate, decurrent onto the petiole; margins entire, slightly undulate; apex acuminate or occasionally acute; petiole 0.5-3 cm long, glabrous of with a few 1-2-celled simple uniseriate trichomes, the occasionally minutely glandular. Inflorescences terminal or lateral, 2-10 cm long, open and usually many times branched, with 10-40 (+) flowers, glabrous; peduncle 2-5.5 cm long; pedicels 6-11 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, spreading, glabrous or minutely pubescent with simple glandular trichomes, articulated at the base, leaving a short peg 1.5-2 mm long; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 2-10 mm apart, more closely spaced distally. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exerted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube ca. 1 mm long, the lobes 0.5-1 mm long, deltate to triangular, glabrous. Corolla 1-1.4 cm in diameter, white to violet with green spots at the base of each lobe making a green eye, stellate, lobed ca. 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 5-6 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, reflexed at anthesis, minutely papillose at the tips and margins, otherwise glabrous. Filament tube <0.5 mm long, the free portion of the filaments 0.5-0.75 mm long, glabrous; anthers 3-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, ellipsoid, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 5-7.5 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, to 1 cm in diameter, bright red when ripe, juicy, the pericarp thin and shiny; fruiting pedicels 1.2-1.4 cm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter at the base, not markedly woody, spreading. Seeds> 30 per berry, ca. 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, flattened reniform, pale yellow, the surface with "hairs" ca. 0.5 mm long from the lateral cell walls. Chromosome number: not known.
Distribution
Distribution (Figure 73). Solanum pittosporifolium is found at a wide variety of elevations (300-1500 m) from Bhutan and the Kashmir region at the India/Pakistan border through China to Japan, Vietnam and the island of Sumatra in Indonesia.
Discussion
Discussion. Solanum pittosporifolium is widely distributed throughout temperate and subtropical Asia and is somewhat weedy. It has a more southerly and westerly distribution than does Solanum lyratum; it extends south to the Indonesian island of Sumatra and into the frontier area of India and Pakistan, where it is sympatric with Solanum dulcamara. In the treatment of Solanum for Flora of China (Zhang et al. 1994) many of the names here treated as synonyms of Solanum pittosporifolium were recognised at the specific level and considered to be "doubtfully distinct from Solanum dulcamara ".The two species can be very difficult to distinguish when in fruit, but Solanum pittosporifolium has shorter and sparser pubescence than does Solanum dulcamara, and is usually a more delicate plant. The leaves of Solanum pittosporifolium are never divided, and usually have undulate margins; those of Solanum dulcamara are more variable, but usually have more acute bases than those of Solanum pittosporifolium. In flower, the two are easily separated - Solanum pittosporifolium as elliptic anthers that are not held tightly together and the buds are ovoid or ellipsoid, never turbinate like those of Solanum dulcamara. The leaf pubescence of Solanum septemlobum is similar to that of Solanum pittosporifolium, but the two species can be distinguished by flower size (those of Solanum septemlobum are larger and the petals are usually not reflexed) and by the shorter, stiffer trichomes of Solanum pittosporifolium. In general, Solanum pittosporifolium is a more tropical plant than is Solanum septemlobum, although they do overlap in central China. When Solanum pittosporifolium grows along roadsides and is cut back regularly it appears to be a shrub, but if left to extend its branches it becomes a flexuous vine. I have collected it growing in river courses where it seems to be behaving as a rheophyte, but populations outside of this sort of habitat have identical almost glabrous, narrow leaves. Both syntypes of Solanum pittosporifolium encountered are labelled as Faber 252, but as Hemsley worked at Kew at the time he described this species it is clear the K sheet is that used by him, not the sheet at NY. Of the two sheets of Schiffner 2506 held at L, I have chosen L0003663 as the lectotype for Solanum schiffnerianum as it has a complete locality label and is annotated in Witasek's hand.
Taxon Treatment
- Knapp, Sandra; 2013: A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 22: 1-1. doi
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