Solanum odoriferum (Knapp, Sandra 2013)
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Ordo: Solanales
Familia: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum
Name
Solanum odoriferum Vell., Fl. Flumin. 85. 1829 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Solanum odoriferum Knapp, Sandra, 2013, PhytoKeys 22: 1-1.
Description
Description. Woody vine. Stems glabrous and shining; new growth glabrous, minutely papillose. Bark of older stems greenish brown, shiny. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, (4-)7-11 cm long, 1.5-5.5 cm wide, elliptic, coriaceous, both surfaces glabrous and shiny; primary veins 7-9 pairs, the secondary venation fine and strongly parallel between the primary veins; base truncate to obtuse and slightly decurrent on the petiole; margins entire, revolute; apex abruptly acute to acuminate; petioles 1.3-3.5 cm, glabrous, twining around supports and aiding in climbing. Inflorescences terminal, 1-13 cm long, many times branched, with up to 100 flowers, completely glabrous; peduncle 0.5-1 cm long; pedicels 1-1.3 cm long, filiform, <0.5 mm in diameter at base and apex, spreading at anthesis, glabrous, articulated at the base in a small sleeve, leaving a tiny peg at abscission; pedicel scars irregularly spaced near the tips of inflorescence branches, to 5 mm apart in fruit. Buds turbinate with an apical nipple, the corolla far exserted from the calyx tube long before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube 2-2.5 mm long, shallowly cup-shaped, the lobes <0.5 mm long, usually forming only an irregularly and shallowly lobed hyaline rim to the tube with tiny apiculae <0.5 mm long, glabrous, the apiculae with a few papillae. Corolla 1.8-2 cm in diameter, white, fragrant (fide Mentz and Oliveira 2004), stellate, lobed nearly to the base, the lobes 7-9 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, planar or spreading at anthesis, the tips cucullate and minutely papillate along the distal portion, otherwise glabrous. Filament tube minute, the free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous or minutely papillate; anthers 4.5-5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, ellipsoid, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 8-9 mm long, glabrous; stigma clavate, slightly bilobed, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 1-1.2 cm in diameter, black when ripe, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1-1.3 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, woody, pendent or spreading. Seeds 10-20 per berry, flattened reniform, 3.5-4 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, pale yellowish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells rectangular. Chromosome number: not known.
Distribution
Distribution (Figure 70). In the Atlantic rainforests and seasonal deciduous forests of southeastern Brazil from the states of Sao Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul at elevations from 0-750 m. The species has only been collected once from Misiones, Argentina (Ekman 1975) despite much botanical work in the area, it is likely to come from a cultivated plant but information to that effect is not on the label.
Discussion
Discussion. Solanum odoriferum is a striking plant, with its large, multi-flowered inflorescences of aromatic flowers. It is superficially similar to the sympatric Solanum flaccidum but is easily distinguished from that species by its coriaceous, shiny, glabrous leaves, truncate calyx and anthers on filaments of equal length. The illustration in Vellozo (1831) leaves no doubt as to the identity of this species (see Figure 71), and was selected as lectotype by Morton (1976) since no specimens associated with this work have ever been recovered (Carauta 1973). I have lectotypified Solanum pachyantherum with the better of two duplicates of Wacket s.n. from the type locality at WU (WU0037997).
Taxon Treatment
- Knapp, Sandra; 2013: A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 22: 1-1. doi
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