Solanum muenscheri (Knapp, Sandra 2013)
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Ordo: Solanales
Familia: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum
Name
Solanum muenscheri Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 275. 1940 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Solanum muenscheri Knapp, Sandra, 2013, PhytoKeys 22: 1-1.
Description
Description. Shrubs or small trees, 1-10 m tall. Stems densely pubescent with greyish dendritic trichomes; new growth densely pubescent with greyish-yellow dendritic trichomes. Bark of older stems sparsely pubescent, greyish-yellow. Sympodial units plurifoliate, branching monochasial or dichasial. Leaves simple, 5.5-15 cm long, 1.2-3.5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, the adaxial surfaces densely to sparsely pubescent with dendritic trichomes, these denser along the veins in sparsely pubescent individuals, the abaxial surfaces densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes on the veins and lamina; primary veins 10-20 pairs, pubescent; base acute, not winged on to the petiole; margins entire; apex acute to acuminate; petiole 1-2 cm long, not winged from the leaf bases. Inflorescences terminal, occasionally in the fork of branches, later appearing lateral from overtopping of shoots, 1-5 cm long, branching 2-4 times, with 5-25 flowers, densely pubescent with greyish-yellow dendritic trichomes like those of the stem and leaves; peduncle 0.5-1 cm long; pedicels 0.7-1.1 cm long, tapering from a basal diameter of 0.75-1 mm to an apical diameter of 2-3 mm, densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes, these somewhat longer than the trichomes of the leaves and stems, nodding at anthesis, articulated at the base and inserted into a sleeve ca. 1 mm long; pedicel scars uneven spaced to 1 cm apart, but clustered distally. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube conical, 1.5-2 cm long, the lobes 2-2.5 m long, deltate to long triangular, densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes adaxially and abaxially. Corolla 1.5-2 cm in diameter, violet to deep purple, stellate to rotate-stellate, lobed 1/2 to 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 7-10 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, planar or slightly reflexed at anthesis, densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes abaxially, sparsely pubescent with dendritic trichomes on the veins and petal surfaces adaxially, the trichomes denser at the tips of the lobes. Filament tube absent; free portion of the filaments 0.5-1 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2-2.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores becoming slit-like with age. Ovary glabrous or with a few dendritic trichomes at the apex; style 4-6 mm long, densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes from the base to 3/4 of its length; stigma clavate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 0.8-1 cm in diameter, black with thin pericarp; fruiting pedicels 1.5-1.8 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the base, woody, deflexed; calyx lobes somewhat accrescent in fruit, 3-5 mm long. Seeds ca. 20 per berry, ca. 3.5 mm x 2.5 mm, reddish-brown, lenticular, the surfaces minutely pitted. Chromosome number: not known.
Distribution
Distribution (Figure 66). Mountains of NW Guatemala and SW Mexico, from 2500-4000 m. Most collections come from the Sierra de Cuchumatanes in Guatemala.
Discussion
Discussion. Solanum muenscheri is a species of very limited distribution, found only in the mountains of N Guatemala and adjacent S. Mexico. It is apparently common locally and grows in mixed woodland and grassland near the tree line. Flowering specimens have been collected throughout the year, but there appears to be a peak in flowering in December. Solanum muenscheri is similar to the Andean species Solanum nitidum, with which it is similar and perhaps closely related (Knapp 1989), in its soft dendritic trichomes and parallel veined leaves. It differs from that species in having black mature berries, yellowish indument and in its generally somewhat smaller inflorescences and in being only found in Guatemala and Mexico.
Taxon Treatment
- Knapp, Sandra; 2013: A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 22: 1-1. doi
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