Solanum inodorum (Knapp, Sandra 2013)
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Ordo: Solanales
Familia: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum
Name
Solanum inodorum Vell., Fl. Flumin. 85. 1829 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Solanum inodorum Knapp, Sandra, 2013, PhytoKeys 22: 1-1.
Description
Description. Woody vine, climbing with twining petioles. Stems glabrous and shiny; new growth glabrous and shiny, occasionally with a few papillae. Bark of older stems white or creamy white, exfoliating. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, 3-11 cm long, 1-4.5 cm wide, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, coriaceous, slightly discolorous, both surfaces completely glabrous and shiny; primary veins 8-10, only the midrib visible above; base acute; margins entire, strongly revolute; apex acute; petioles 0.4-0.7(-2.6) cm long, glabrous, wrinkling when dry, the outer cells exfoliating like the stems, twining and curling around supports to aid climbing. Inflorescences terminal on axillary short shoots, but leaves on short shoots soon deciduous so the inflorescence appearing axillary, 1-6 cm long, simple to twice branched, with 5-20 flowers, these clustered at the tips or not, glabrous; peduncle 0.7-4 cm long; pedicels 1-1.5 cm long, slender, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, completely glabrous, articulated at the base in a small sleeve; pedicel scars irregularly spaced, some clustered at tips of inflorescence branches, others to 5 mm apart. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube 1-1.5 mm long, conical, the lobes 1-1.5 mm long, triangular, glabrous but the tips minutely papillate. Corolla 1.3-2 cm in diameter, white, fragrant (fide Mentz and Oliveira 2004), stellate, lobed 2/3 to 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 5-7 mm long, 2.5-4.5 mm wide, spreading at anthesis, densely papillate on the tips and margins, otherwise glabrous. Filament tube minute, the free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous, or with a few trichomes at the base (fide Mentz and Oliveira 2004); anthers 4-6.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores usually lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 7-9 mm long, glabrous; stigma minutely clavate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose or depressed-globose berry, 0.5-0.9 cm in diameter, red or pale reddish pink when ripe, the pericarp thin and shiny, the juice staining scarlet; fruiting pedicels 1-2-1.5 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, slightly woody, pendent. Seeds few per berry, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, flattened reniform, pale yellow or straw-colored, the surfaces minutely pitted. Chromosome number: not known.
Distribution
Distribution (Figure 50). Endemic to southeastern Brazil from the states of Sao Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul, from 800-1600 m.
Discussion
Discussion. Solanum inodorum has long been considered an isolated species in Solanum. Bitter (1919) put it (as Solanum decorticans) in his large and heterogenous section Anthoresis as subsection Lysiphellos, a reference to the striking exfoliating bark. Solanum inodorum is a striking plant, not easily confused with any other species of Solanum. The yellowish, exfoliating bark and the pseudo-axillary inflorescences (see below) make it easily distinguished from Solanum flaccidum and Solanum odoriferum, with which it is broadly sympatric. The specific epithet is a misnomer, as both this species and Solanum odoriferum have fragrant flowers (Mentz and Oliveira 2004). The inflorescence of Solanum inodorum appears to be axillary like the inflorescences of members of section Pteroidea (the Solanum mite group of the Potato clade, see Knapp and Helgason 1997), but is in fact terminal on a fore-shortened axillary shoot. The leaves of this shoot are vestigial and soon deciduous, but can occasionally be seen in young shoots. This morphology of inflorescences borne terminally on short shoots is found in other members of the Dulcamaroid clade such as Solanum valdiviense of Chile. Lectotypification of Vellozo names, in the absence of specimens (Carauta 1973), is best done with the plates from that work (Vellozo 1831); in this case the plate is easily identifiable as Solanum inodorum (Figure 51). Sendtner's epithet "decorticans" is represented by two syntypes (Schott s.n. from "Sebastianopolis" and Sellow s.n. from "Brasilia australis"). I have only been able to find the Sellow collection and select a well-preserved sheet (K000438190) as the lectotype of Solanum decorticans.
Taxon Treatment
- Knapp, Sandra; 2013: A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 22: 1-1. doi
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