Solanum endoadenium (Knapp, Sandra 2013)
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Ordo: Solanales
Familia: Solanaceae
Genus: Solanum
Name
Solanum endoadenium Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 546. 1913 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Solanum endoadenium Knapp, Sandra, 2013, PhytoKeys 22: 1-1.
Description
Description. Shrubs 1-1.5 m tall. Stems erect, sparsely to densely pubescent with patent simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, often gland-tipped and the plants viscous; new growth densely pubescent. Bark of older stems yellowish brown, the leaf bases prominent. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, 1.8-6 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, lanceolate to more or less linear, slightly fleshy, the upper surfaces uniformly pubescent with sparse to dense simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long, sometimes gland-tipped, the lower surfaces variable from almost glabrous with the simple trichomes confined to the veins to densely and uniformly pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long; primary veins 6-9 pairs, drying yellowish red; base attenuate; margins entire, densely pubescent; apex acute to acuminate, the ultimate tip rounded; petioles 0.5-1 cm long, sparsely to densely pubescent with simple trichomes like those of the stems, usually not twining. Inflorescences terminal or becoming lateral, 2-4 cm long, simple to several times branched, with 5-30 flowers, glabrous to densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like the stems; peduncle 1-3 cm long; pedicels 0.6-0.8 cm long, filiform, <0.5 mm in diameter at the base and apex, erect to somewhat spreading, glabrous to pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes, articulated at the base from a small sleeve, leaving a small peg on the inflorescence axis; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 1-4 mm apart. Buds globose to slightly ellipsoid, the corolla exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube 1-1.5 mm long, conical, the lobes 1-1.5 mm long, triangular, sparsely to densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes. Corolla 0.7-1 cm in diameter, dark bluish purple to pale violet with green spots at the base of the lobes, stellate, lobed 1/2 to 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 3-3.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, spreading or perhaps cupped, densely pubescent all along the tips and margins with simple trichomes <0.2 mm long. Filament tube minute, the free portion of the filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous or minutely pubescent with glandular trichomes; anthers 1.5-2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, ellipsoid, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 4-5 mm long, glabrous or occasionally glandular in the lower half; stigma minutely capitate, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 0.6-0.8 cm in diameter, orange when ripe, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.2-2 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, not markedly woody, nodding or spreading. Seeds 12-14 per berry, 3.5-4 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, flattened reniform, reddish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells very small, rectangular to square. Chromosome number: n=12 (Moscone 1992).
Distribution
Distribution (Figure 42). Eastern Andean slopes in central to northern Argentina and adjacent Bolivia, from 1500-3000 m.
Discussion
Discussion. Unlike many of the members of the Dulcamaroid clade, Solanum endoadenium is a shrubby species and is apparently never a vine or even scandent. The leaves are consistently simple, and apparently never lobed or pinnatifid. Solanum endoadenium is easily recognised by its purple flowers, orange fruits and dense, often glandular-viscid pubescence of simple trichomes. The older stems are warty from the persistent leaf bases; this distinctive character distinguishes Solanum endoadenium from the somewhat similar Solanum salicifolium from the same region. Solanum endoadenium is further easily distinguished from Solanum salicifolium by its larger, usually branched inflorescences and more spreading pubescence (rather than appressed-ascending). Leaf size in Solanum endoadenium is quite variable, and varies within as well as between individuals. In general leaves near the stem tips are smaller than those lower down. Bitter (1913) stated that the epithet was derived from the glandular pubescence on the inside of the filaments. The berry of Solanum endoadenium stays on the plant a long time, and apparently cracks to release the seeds (see Figure 6D); whether this is always the case is not clear. Morton (1976) lectotypified Solanum endoadenium with the only syntype (of seven in Bitter's original description) from La Rioja province, as Bitter (1913) stated he was basing his description on material from La Rioja. In his lectotypification, Morton cites the collection as Hieronymus & Neiderlein 746, but the only specimen at G [G00070235] has no collection number, nor do the duplicates at LE and P. Morton's annotation slip on this G sheet states "isosyntypus" and is dated 1961; he may have made a transcription error later, as this is the only specimen at G that bears this locality and collector information. I have therefore assumed he meant this sheet in his lectotypification and have accepted his designation of the G sheet as the lectotype. I have found no duplicates of Schickendantz 285 (the type collection cited in the protologue of var. robustius) in any of the herbaria where other Schickendantz duplicates have been found (GOET, SI); Bitter cited "herb. Hieronymous" in the original description (probably at B and now destroyed).
Taxon Treatment
- Knapp, Sandra; 2013: A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 22: 1-1. doi
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