Paracanace

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Canacidae

Name

Paracanace Mathis and Wirth (8 species in the New World; 1 from Brazil) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Paracanace Mathis and Wirth 1978: 524. Type species: Paracanace hoguei Mathis and Wirth 1978, by original designation. Mathis 1989: 600–603 [review of Caribbean and nearby fauna]; 1992: 10 [world catalog]; 1997: 140–148 [review of hoguei group]. Munari and Mathis 2010: 24–24 [world catalog].
• Canace, in part, of authors. Wirth 1975: 1 [Neotropical catalog].
• Paracanace oliveirai. Mathis and Wirth 1978: 524 [generic combination, key], 527 [key]. Mathis 1992: 10 [world catalog]. Munari and Mathis 2010: 24 [world catalog].

Diagnosis

Small to moderately small beach flies, body length 1.40–2.60 mm; generally densely microtomentose, gray, with face and gena usually whitish gray, frons light brown, mesonotum with some brown coloration. Head: Interfrontal setae 2; postocellar seta well developed, proclinate and very slightly divergent, subequal in length to interfrontal setae; ocelli arranged in isosceles triangle, with greater distance between posterior ocelli. Two to 3 large dorsoclinate genal setae; anteroclinate genal seta well developed, subequal in length to larger dorsoclinate genal setae; epistomal margin sinuous; clypeus low, width more than 4× height; palpus yellowish. Thorax: Mesonotum darker than pleural areas, usually light to blackish brown, becoming lighter laterally. Acrostichal setulae in 2–4 irregular rows, with a distinctly larger prescutellar pair; scutellar disc lacking setulae; apical scutellar setae not oriented dorsally; anterior notopleural seta usually present (very weak or absent in one species); proepisternal seta(e) present; anepisternum with scattered setulae; katepisternal seta present. Femora and tibiae gray to blackish gray; tarsomeres yellow to dark brown, apical 2–3 tarsomeres darker; midfemur of male bearing comblike row of setae along posteroventral surface; midtibia bearing short evenly spaced setulae along ventral surface; hindtibia lacking spinelike setae apically. Wing with length of apical section of vein CuA1 twice or more that of crossvein dm-cu; M vein ratio 0.35–0.45. Abdomen: Male terminalia: Surstylus a simple, narrow, posteriorly shallowly curved, setulose process extended from ventral margin of epandrium.

Discussion

Like Canacea, all of the described species of Paracanace occur in the New World, with primarily tropical or subtropical distributions (Mathis and Wirth 1978).
Although two species groups are recognized in the key to species within Paracanace, adhering to the cladogram for the species of this genus (Mathis and Wirth 1978: 535), these groups are mostly for convenience and no phylogenetic signal should be attributed.

Key to Species of Paracanace

Key to Species of Paracanace — W. Mathis , L. Marinoni

1		Costal vein between humeral crossvein and subcostal break bearing a row of long spinelike setae, setal length subequal or greater than width of 1st costal cell (the hoguei group)    2
–		Setae along anterior margin of wing much shorter, not more than 1/2 width of 1st costal cell (the maritima group)    5
2		Three subequal dorsoclinate genal setae    3
–		Middle dorsoclinate genal seta about 1/2 length of setae on either side    4
3		Acrostichal setulae in about 2 rows; surstylus broadly spatulate in lateral view, anteroventral angle very broadly rounded, posteroventral angle relatively broadly projected medially as an acutely pointed process; anterior margin of surstylus bearing distinct row of long setulae (Puerto Rico)    Paracanace wirthi Mathis
–		Acrostichal setulae in about 4 rows; surstylus narrow in lateral view, digitiform, slightly angulate; anterior margin of surstylus with few setulae, these not as long as those along posterior margin (Costa Rica: Cocos Islands)    Paracanace hoguei Mathis & Wirth
4		Surstylus relatively narrow in lateral view, appearing slipperlike, anterior margin slightly swollen and broadly rounded, tapered ventrally to broadly rounded, ventral margin; posterior margin of surstylus lacking distinct row of longer setulae; posteroventral angle of surstylus noticeably produced apically (widespread in Caribbean)    Paracanace aicen Mathis & Wirth
–		Surstylus in lateral view broad on distal 1/2, especially evident in lateral view; ventral, surstylar margin broadly truncate in lateral and posterior views; posterior margin of surstylus bearing distinct row of longer setae (Jamaica)    Paracanace lebam Mathis & Wirth
5		Fore- and midfemora of male with row of about 20 long, white setae along proximal ½ of posteroventral margin; surstylus with sub-basal anterior lobe setose and constricted before apical enlargement (Galápagos Islands)    Paracanace maritima (Wirth)
–		Fore- and midfemora of male with not more than 10 long, white setae along posteroventral margin at base; surstylus simple, lacking anterior setose lobe or sub-basal constriction    6
6		Tarsi mostly dark, concolorous with tibiae (Galápagos Islands)    Paracanace cavagnaroi (Wirth)
–		Tarsi mostly pale, yellowish, especially basitarsomere of hindleg    7
7		Surstylus slender, angulate, length about 3X width (Brazil)    Paracanace oliveirai (Wirth)
–		Surstylus broad, truncate ventrally, length not more than twice width, posteroventral angle slightly produced (Panama)    Paracanace blantoni (Wirth)

Taxon Treatment

• Mathis, W; Marinoni, L; 2012: A conspectus on the Canacidae (Diptera) of Brazil ZooKeys, 162: 59-92. doi