Leucothoe hashi
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Ordo: Amphipoda
Familia: Leucothoidae
Genus: Leucothoe
Name
Leucothoe hashi White & Reimer, 2012 sp. n. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile
Type material
Holotype male, 2.5 mm RUMF-ZC-1747, Mizugama, Okinawa–jima Island, Okinawa, reef wall (26°21'35"N, 127°44'22"E), in canals of yellow-beige sponge, Callyspongia of Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864[1], 8–10 m, K.N. White, col., 10 April 2011 (KNWOkinawa42A). Paratype female, 2.5 mm RUMF-ZC-1748, same station data as holotype. Paratype male, 1.9 mm RUMF-ZC-1749, Kaichu Doro, Okinawa–jima Island, Okinawa, seagrass bed (26°19'56"N, 127°55'23"E), in canals of green, hard branching sponge, ?Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti Vosmaer, 1880, 1 m, K.N. White, col., 21 August 2010 (KNW_21Aug10).
Type locality
Mizugama, Okinawa–jima Island, Okinawa, Japan (26°21'35"N, 127°44'22"E).
Additional material examined
1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1750, KNW21Aug10; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1751, KNWOkinawa11B; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1752, KNWOkinawa12H; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21882, KNWOkinawa12H; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1753, KNWOkinawa16D; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1754, KNWOkinawa21B; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21883, KNWOkinawa21E; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1755, KNWOkinawa22B; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21884, KNWOkinawa25C; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21885, KNWOkinawa29C; 2 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21886, KNWOkinawa31B; 4 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1756, KNWOkinawa31F; 3 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1757, KNWOkinawa33E; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21887, KNWOkinawa33E; 3 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21888, KNWOkinawa34G; 4 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1758, KNWOkinawa42A; 2 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21889, KNWOkinawa43A; 3 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21890, KNWOkinawa44A; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1759, KNWIriomote2H; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21891, KNWOkinawa51C; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1760, KNWOkinawa53A; 2 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21892, KNWOkinawa53D; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1761, KNWYaku5O; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1762, KNWTokuno4C; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1796, KNWYaku3J; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1797, KNWYaku5I; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1798, KNWOkinawa43D.
Diagnosis (male)
Antenna 1 accessory flagellum 1–articulate. Mandibular palp article 3 shorter than article 1. Maxilla 1 palp 1–articulate. Maxilliped outer plate tuberculate. Gnathopod 1 carpus and propodus very slender, chopstick-like; carpus proximal margin with denticles; propodus palm serrate with triangular teeth. Gnathopod 2 propodus with 2 mediofacial setal rows. Pereopods 5–7 bases narrowly expanded.
Description (male)
Head. Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin evenly rounded; ventral cephalic keel anterior margin slightly excavate, anteroventral margin subquadrate, ventral margin straight; eyes with more than 10 ommatidia, round. Antenna 1 0.3 × body length, flagellum 5–articulate, peduncle article 1 width less than 2 × article 2, accessory flagellum 1–articulate. Antenna 2 0.2 × body length, slightly shorter than antenna 1, flagellum 5–articulate. Mandibular palp ratio of articles 1–3 1.0: 2.0: 0.4, article 2 with 2 medium distal setae, article 3 with 1 distal seta, incisors weakly dentate; left mandible with 6 raker spines, lacinia mobilis large, strongly toothed; right mandible with 6 raker spines, lacinia mobilis small, strongly dentate. Upper lip asymmetrically lobate, anterior margin setose. Lower lip inner lobes fused, bare; outer lobes with moderate gape, anterior margins setose. Maxilla 1 palp 1–articulate with 4 distal setae; outer plate with 5 distal robust setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate with 5 robust distal setae and 2 robust facial setae; outer plate with 3 robust distal setae and 4 slender distal marginal setae. Maxilliped inner plates distal margin with a v-shaped indentation, with short robust setae; outer plate inner margin tuberculate, reaching 0.1 × palp article 1, with simple marginal setae, facial setae absent; palp article 4 subequal in length with article 3, distally acute.
Pereon. Coxae 1–4 relative widths 1.0: 1.2: 1.2: 1.3. Gnathopod 1 coxa smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterodistal margin produced, rounded, distal margin straight, posterior margin slightly excavate, facial setae absent; basis distally expanded, anterior margin bare, posterior margin with 2 short setae; ischium bare; carpus linear, distal length 15.8 × width, proximal margin with denticles, distal margin bare; propodus straight, palm serrate with 7 distal triangular teeth and 7 distal setae; dactylus with small proximal notch, reaching 0.2 × propodus length. Gnathopod 2 coxa as long as broad, subequal in size with coxa 3, smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterior margin expanded, anterodistally rounded, distal and posterior margins straight, facial setae absent; basis distally expanded, anterior margin with 5 medium setae, posterior margin with 1 seta; ischium with 1 posterodistal seta; carpus 0.3 × propodus length, curved, distally truncate, anterior margin dentate; propodus with 2 mediofacial setal rows, primary mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.8 × propodus length, secondary mediofacial setal row with 2 setae, with 1 row of submarginal setae, posterior margin smooth, palm convex with 4 small denticles; dactylus curved, proximal margin smooth with 1 seta, anterior margin distally subacute, reaching 0.8 × propodus length. Pereopod 3 coxa length 1.0 × width, anterodistal corner overriding distal face of coxa 2 and extending below it, smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterior margin straight, distal margin slightly convex, posterior margin straight, facial setae absent. Pereopod 4 coxa smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterior margin straight, distal margin evenly rounded, posterior margin tapered, facial setae absent. Pereopods 5–7 coxae facial setae absent; bases width length ratios 1: 1.5, 1: 1.5, 1: 1.7, posterior margins smooth, setose.
Pleon. Epimera 1–2 with ventral setae, epimeron 3 bare; epimeron 3 posteroventral corner rounded. Uropods 1–3 relative lengths 1.0: 0.8: 1.2; inner and outer rami lined with short marginal setae. Uropod 1 peduncle and outer ramus 0.8 × inner ramus length; inner ramus with 6 robust setae and outer ramus with 5 robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle 0.7 × inner ramus length, outer ramus 0.6 × inner ramus length; inner ramus with 3 robust setae and outer ramus with 4 robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle 1.2 × inner ramus length, outer ramus 0.9 × inner ramus length; inner ramus with 4 robust setae and outer ramus with 7 robust setae. Telson 2.0 × longer than wide, apex weakly tridentate, almost bidentate.
Female (sexually dimorphic characters).
Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin with 5 short setae. Gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin with 4 medium setae; ischium with 2 posterior and1 posterodistal seta; carpus distally tapered; propodus secondary mediofacial setal row with 4 setae.
Etymology
After the Japanese word ‘hashi’, meaning ‘chopsticks’ and referring to the extremely slender carpus and propodus of gnathopod 1. (Pronounced hah-shee.)
Ecology. In canals of sponges, Callyspongia sp., RUMF-ZP-2, KNWOkinawa42C (Figure 24F), ?Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti, RUMF-ZP-4, 21Aug10 (Figure 25F), Tedania sp. (Figure 25E), Haliclona of Grant 1836[2], RUMF-ZP-3, KNWOkinawa44A (Figure 24G); and among coral rubble.
Relationships
Leucothoe hashi sp. n. is similar to Leucothoe cheiriserra Serejo, 1998, Leucothoe gavialis Myers, 1985, Leucothoe hipposideros White & Thomas, 2009, Leucothoe squalidens Ledoyer, 1984, and Leucothoe lecroyae sp. n. in having triangular teeth on the palm of gnathopod 1 propodus. It also shares a rounded anterodistal head margin and distally truncate gnathopod 2 carpus with Leucothoe hipposideros and Leucothoe squalidens, but differs in having narrow pereopod 5–7 bases, a 1–articulate maxilla 1 palp, tuberculate maxilliped inner plate, and a 1–articulate accessory flagellum on antenna 1.
Remarks
Leucothoe hashi sp. n. is translucent pink in color, darkest along pereonite edges (Figure 24A). This species has been collected from only 5 islands throughout the Ryukyu Archipelago. There appears to be some minor variation among specimens in the following characters: gnathopod 1 carpus dentition, propodus palm serration; gnathopod 2 shape and setal patterns.
Distribution
East China Sea: Iriomote–jima Island, Okinawa–jima Island (both Okinawa), Tokunoshima Island, Amami–oshima Island, Yakushima Island (all Kagoshima), Japan.
Original Description
- White, K; Reimer, J; 2012: Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part II: sponge-dwellers ZooKeys, 166: 1-58. doi
Images
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![Figure 24. Color plate of new leucothoid amphipod species and sponge hosts. A Leucothoe hashi sp. n. B Leucothoe bise sp. n. C Leucothoe nagatekubi sp. n. D Axinellidae of Carter, 1875, RUMF-ZP-12 E ?Axinyssa of Lendenfeld 1897[3] F Callyspongia of Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864[1], RUMF-ZP-2 G Haliclona of Grant, 1836, RUMF-ZP-3 H Rhabdastrella of Thiele 1903[4], RUMF-ZP-1 I Tetillidae of Sollas 1886[5], RUMF-ZP-11 J Axinellidae of Carter, 1875.](/wiki/File:ZooKeys-166-001-g024.jpg)
![Figure 25. Color plate of sponge hosts. A Iotrochotidae of Dendy, 1922 (probably Iotrochota of Ridley 1884[6]), RUMF-ZP-7 B Mycale of Gray, 1867, RUMF-ZP-8 C ?Jaspis of Gray, 1867 D orange encrusting sponge, Clathria of Schmidt, 1862, RUMF-ZP-5 E ?Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti Vosmaer, 1880, RUMF-ZP-4 F Tedania of Gray, 1867 G Mycale (Zygomycale) parishii (Bowerbank, 1875), RUMF-ZP-9 H ?Mycale of Gray, 1867, RUMF-ZP-10 I Niphatidae of Van Soest, 1980 (probably Niphates of Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864[1]), RUMF-ZP-6 J grey/purple hard sponge, Clathria (Thalysias) of Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864[1] K orange flame sponge, Ciocalypta of Bowerbank 1862[7] L orange stubby sponge, Mycale sp. M purple brown soft sponge, ?Pericharax of Poléjaeff 1883[8].](/wiki/File:ZooKeys-166-001-g025.jpg)
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Duchassaing De Fondbressin P, Michelotti G (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem 21 (2): 1-124.
- ↑ Grant R (1836) Animal Kingdom. In: Todd R (Ed). The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology. Volume 1.Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, London: 107-118.
- ↑ Lendenfeld R (1897) Spongien von Sansibar. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 21: 93-133.
- ↑ Thiele J (1903) Kieselschwämme von Ternate. II. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 25: 933-968.
- ↑ Sollas W (1886) Preliminary account of the Tetractinellid sponges Dredged by H.M.S. ‘Challenger’ 1872–76. Part I. The Choristida. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series) 5: 177-199.
- ↑ Ridley S (1884) Spongiida. In: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo–Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Alert’, 1881–2. British Museum of Natural History, London, 366–482, 582–630.
- ↑ Bowerbank J (1862) On the anatomy and physiology of the Spongiadae. Part III On the generic characters, the specific characters, and on the method of examination. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 152 (2): 1087-1135.
- ↑ Poléjaeff N (1883) Report on the Calcarea dredged by H.M.S. ‘Challenger’, during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Challenger’, 1873–1876. Zoology 8 (2): 1-76.
