Lema lacertosa
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Genus: Lema
Name
Lema lacertosa Lacordaire, 1845 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Lema lacertosa Lacordaire, 1845: 339 [Bengal] [type depository unknown]; Baly 1865[1]: 11; Jacoby 1908[2]: 35; Monrós 1959[3]: 186; Gressitt and Kimoto 1961[4]: 69; Kimoto and Gressitt 1979[5]: 249; Schmitt 2010[6]: 362; Warchałowski 2011[7]: 69.
- Lema phungi Pic, 1924: 13 [Tonkin, Vietnam] (MNHN); Monrós 1959[3]: 188; Warchałowski 2011[7]: 69 (as probable synonym of Lema lacertosa). synonymy confirmed
- Lema jeanvoinei Pic, 1932: 11 [Hanoi, Vietnam] (MNHN); Monrós 1959[3]: 186; Warchałowski 2011[7]: 69 (as probable synonym of Lema lacertosa). synonymy confirmed
Type series
Lema phungi: lectotype 1 ♀, here designated, labeled: Hoa Binh/ Tonkin// Phungi/ Pic// Muséum Paris/ 1958/ Coll. Pic// SYNTYPE// MNHN/ EC3057//; paralectotype: 1 ♀// Hoa Binh/ / Tonkin// Phungi/ Pic// Museum Paris/ 1958/ Coll. Pic// SYNTYPE// MNHN/ EC3058//.
Lema jeanvoinei. 1 ♀// Tonkin/ Hanoi/ 7. IV. 1918/ JEANVOINE// Dessous/ et/ membres/ largement/ noirs// jeanvoinei/ n sp// Museum Paris/ 1958/ Coll. Pic// HOLOTYPE// MNHN/ EC3059//.
Material examined
Taiwan: 4 exs.: Chiayi, Minhsiung, 29.IV.2010, leg. W.-T. Liu (TARI); 2 exs.: Chiayi, Niutoulun, 30.III.2010, leg. W.-T. Liu (TARI); 2 exs.: Kaoshiung, Niaosung, 2.VI.2008, leg. C.-H. Liu (TARI); 1 ex.: Kaoshiung, Taiao, 8.IX.2008, leg. W.-T. Liu (TARI); 1 ex.: Nantou, Chichi, 19.VIII.2010, leg. W.-T. Liu (TARI); 5 exs.: Pingtung: Chaochou, 5.XI.2009, leg. J.-C. Chen (TARI); 3 exs., same locality, 16.III.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou (TARI); 11 exs., same locality, 2.VI.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou (2 exs. in SEHU; 9 exs. in TARI); 3 exs.: Pingtung, Hengchun, 9.VII.2011, leg. J.-C. Chen (TARI); 1 ex.: Pingtung, Kaoshih, 8.V.2012, leg. J.-C. Chen (TARI); 1 ex.: Pingtung, Nanjen Lake, 3.I.2011, leg. J.-C. Chen (TARI); 1 ex., same locality, 29.IV.2011, leg. J.-C. Chen (TARI); 5 exs.: Pingtung, Wukoushui, 21.VIII.2010, leg. J.-C. Chen (TARI); 1 ex.: Taipei, Kuantu, 15.IX.2010, leg. S.-F. Yu (SEHU); 2 exs., same locality, 8.VI.2011, leg. S.-F. Yu (TARI); 1 ex.: Taitung, Anshuo, 7.XI.2011, leg. J.-C. Chen (TARI); 3 exs.: Taoyuan, Meihuali, 14.VII.2010, leg. H. Lee (SEHU); 5 exs.: Taoyuan, Chungli, 19.X.2010, leg. H. Lee (TARI); 4 exs.: Taoyuan, Kuanyin, 16.VI.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou (TARI). Malaysia: 3 exs.: Negeri Selangor, Ulu Gomback, (Univ. Malaysia Field Studies centre. 220 m alt.), 10.III.2009, leg. Y. Matsumura (SEHU); 1ex.: Negeri Selangor, Ulu Gomback (Univ. Malaysia Field Studies/ centre. 220 m alt.) 8.XI.2009, leg. Y. Matsumura (SEHU); 1ex: Jalan Pahang Perk, Batu 19 (570m alt.), 8.XI.2009, leg. Y. Matsumura et al. (SEHU). India: 2 exs.: Calcutta, 14-19.X.1978, leg. JAP-IND CO TR (SEHU).
Diagnosis
Lema lacertosa can be separated from Lema diversipes by the following combination of characters: body is distinctly smaller; anterior margin of the clypeus is curved inward and slightly concave; posterior lines of the vertex grove nearly straight; anterior region of the ventral surface is nearly black and posterior ⅓ (sterna 2-5) orange to brown; sterna almost entirely covered by pubescence, except around midline of the sternum 1 glabrous.
Redescription
Body coloration (Figs 3–4). Dorsum: Labrum and anterior ½ of frontoclypeus black, antenna brownish-black except antennomeres 1 and 2 which are orange to brown; remaining part of head, pronotum, scutellum and elytra brownish to reddish-orange. Procoxae black, protrochanters brown, profemora, protibiae, and protarsi orange with diffuse brown to blackish line; meso- and metatrochanters brown, femora, tibiae, and tarsi of meso- and metalegs black. Venter: anterior ⅓-½ of prothorax orange, remaining area black to brownish-black; meso- and metathorax black; first abdominal sternite black to blackish-brown, other sterna orange to brown. Pubescence white. Antenna lighter colored than other parts, protrochanter and apical section of procoxae orange; proleg black basally. Basal ½ of first abdominal sternite black; especially in Malaysian populations with brighter orange color.
Head (Figs 24–26). Width and length almost equal; vertex not raised, glabrous, surface smooth; area between X-shaped vertex groove and compound eye with relatively long setae, covered with fine sculpture; orbital area triangular, densely covered with pubescence; frontal tubercle indistinct, glabrous; frontoclypeus triangular, covered with setae, setae relatively dense on posterior ½, medial line region glabrous; labrum with ca. Seven relatively long setae, anterior margin curved inward and slightly concave; antenna filiform, ca. 0.7 times as long as body length, antennomeres 1–2 subglobular and almost glabrous with a few setae, antennomeres 3-11 bearing velutinous pubescence, apex of antennomeres 5–11 ringed with a few long setae, antennomere 3 subequal in length to 4, antennomeres 3+4 slightly longer than 5, antennomere 4 or 5 longest depending on individuals, antennomeres 6-10 subequal in length, antennomeres 3-10 cylindrical slightly thickening apically, apex of antennomere 11 conically prominent. Pronotum (Fig. 28). Slightly wider than long to almost equal, laterally constricted at middle; surface with a few small punctures around midline and anterior angles, rest with very fine punctures, transverse groove present near base with fovea in middle, anterior and posterior margins narrowly margined, posterior ridge internally with dense short setae. A long seta present in each anterior and posterior angle.
Scutellum (Fig. 28). Trapezoidal and relatively wide, posterior margin concave, indistinct in some specimens. Surface glabrous, but in three of five Taiwanese specimens covered with a few setae.
Elytra (Figs 3–4). 1.7 times longer than wide; one of six Taiwanese specimens very slightly depressed anteriorly but not depressed or indistinctly impressed in the other specimens. Lateral margins parallel; punctures slightly weakening posteriorly.
Pygidium. Anterior ⅓ densely covered with short hair-like projections except for stridulatory organ in anterior middle, size of stridulatory organ relatively small; posterior ⅔ with dense, stout setae.
Palpi of mouth parts (Fig. 27). Apical maxillary palpomere relatively stout and conico-cylindrical but not enlarged; other palpomeres cylindrical, narrowing basally; one of two Indian specimens examined with relatively slender apical palpomere. Labial palpi with four palpomeres, apical three palpomeres relatively stout but not enlarged, apical palpomere conico-cylindrical.
Prothorax(lateral and ventral, Figs 29–30). Anterior area of prosternum transversely oblong anteriorly, with pubescent patch posteriorly, glabrous anteriorly, some specimens with very weak transverse wrinkles. Prosternal process very narrow and not raised, widened posteriorly. Surface of pronotal hypomeron smooth. Posterior arms of pronotal hypomeron normally not closed in most specimens, but closed in one Malaysian specimen and fused in one Indian specimen; prosternal process with bridge arms, bridge relatively short and not completely covering arms. With pubescent fringe anteriorly and posteriorly; anterior margin fringed with two rows of setae.
Mesothorax (Fig. 30). Surface of mesosternum with fine sculpture and pubescence; posterior process with ridge along margin, pubescence on posterior ridge relatively long. Mesepisternum and mesepimeron with dense pubescence.
Metathorax (Fig. 30). Metasternum oblong; almost entire margin with ridge; surface of medial area glabrous and other areas covered with pubescence; medial part of anterior ridge with relatively long pubescence; posterior margin between metacoxae with curved pubescence. Metepisternum with dense pubescence, lateral ⅓ with glabrous area overlapping elytra.
Legs. Procoxae conico-cylindrical, densely covered with pubescence, protrochanters glabrous, with relatively long setae on anterior ridgeline; profemora nearly glabrous except apex laterally with pubescence ventrally, dorsum with relatively dense pubescence except for glabrous base. Mesocoxae spherical, densely pubescent on lower anterior ½; mesotrochanters glabrous with very long pubescence on posterior ridgeline; meso- and metafemora with dense pubescence ventrally, glabrous dorsally except for dense pubescence apically. Metacoxae pubescent; metatrochanters glabrous except with long pubescence on posterior ridgeline; tibiae slender and only slightly tapering apically, covered with dense pubescence, basally ⅓ to ½ with slightly curved pubescence, apically with straight, transparent setae, almost glabrous dorsally; tibiae with lateral margin bordered with translucent brown spines apically, and armed with pair of very short, subequal, black-brown spines ventrally.
Abdominal sterna (Fig. 31). Surface almost entirely densely covered by short pubescence; only around midline of sternite one glabrous, some specimens more or less depressed laterally.
Male genitalia (Figs 32–36). Consisting of five parts: tergite 8, gastral spiculum, tegmen, median lobe and internal sac. Tergite 8 similar to that of female as described below. Gastral spiculum consisting of two pairs of twig-like sclerites, one pair longer than the other. Basal piece of tegmen rectangular in lateral view, tapering toward base. Median lobe stout, median foramen expanding and occupying ⅓ of ventral surface in lateral view, ventral end of median orifice round with rectangular and rounded protrusion. Internal sac with specialized state as in many members of the subgenus Lema, i.e. having pocket for storing elongated flagellum; median and ventral sclerites forming flagellum (1.58 mm, N=1); dorsal sclerite not separated. Female genitalia and a part of reproductive systems (Figs 37–42). Spermathecal duct relatively long (0.36–0.49mm, N = 2) with no specialized structure in opening to bursa copulatrix. Spermathecal capsule well sclerotized, its wall relatively thick; distal part hook-shaped, inner surface covered by winkle-like sculpture, junction area to spermathecal duct covered by scale-like sculpture; proximal part with a large potato-like structure, inner surface covered by transverse winkles. Spermathecal gland opening on a light-bulb like structure. Genitalia of four parts: tergites 8 and 9, and sternites 8 and 9; tergites 9 and sternite 9 consisting of a pair of sclerites; sclerotization of tergite 8 gradually weakened toward midline; sternite 8 with stick-like apodeme; posterior area of sternite 8 covered by scale-like sculpture; upper area of tergite 8 weakly covered by scale-like sculpture and lower area with fine pointed projections.
Measurements
Specimens collected from India. Elytral length: male: 3.04 mm (N=1), female: 3.38 mm (N=1). Elytral width: male: 1.77 mm, female: 2.00 mm. Pronotum length: male: 1.00 mm, female: 1.15 mm. Pronotum width: male: 1.04 mm, female: 1.27 mm.
Specimens collected from Taiwan. Elytral length: male: 3.36 ± 0. 21 mm (mean ± SD, N=2), female: 3.56 ± 0.15 mm (N=4). Elytral width: male: 1.96 ± 0.11 mm, female: 2.05 ± 0.13 mm. Pronotum length: male: 1.08 ± 0.05 mm, female: 1.09 ± 0.05 mm. Pronotum width: male: 1.15 ± 0.02 mm, female: 1.20 ± 0.07 mm.
Specimens collected from Malaysia. Elytral length: male: 3.15 mm (N=1), female: 3.57 ± 0.21 mm (N=4). Elytral width: male: 1.81 mm, female: 2.13 ± 0.14 mm. Pronotum length: male: 0.96 mm, female: 1.10 ± 0.03 mm. Pronotum width: male: 1.13 mm, female: 1.21 ± 0.05 mm.
Host plant
(Figs 45–46) Commelinaceae: Commelina communis L., 1753.
Distribution
India, Malaysia, and Taiwan (new record). This species is also recorded from Laos, Vietnam, S. China, and Singapore (Kimoto and Gressitt 1979[5]), and Nepal (Schmitt 2010[6]). These identifications require confirmation.
Remarks
Justification of identification of Lema lacertosa. Although Kimoto and Gressitt (1979)[5] stated the type depository, they did not observe types and the type could not be located (see also remarks under Lema diversipes). However from investigation of the literature we judged that there is a consensus for the identity of Lema lacertosa among chrysomelid taxonomists. Features of the commonly accepted species have no contradiction with the original description and the specimens which we examined and identified as Lema lacertosa.
Although we could not locate the holotype of Lema lacertosa, we have no evidence regarding the disappearance of the holotype. In addition, the identity of this species is relatively stable, so we do not designate a neotype for this species.
Taxon Treatment
- Lee, C; Matsumura, Y; 2013: On newly and recently recorded species of the genus Lema Fabricius (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Criocerinae) from Taiwan ZooKeys, 262: 17-38. doi
Other References
- ↑ Baly J (1865) Phytophaga Malayana. A revision of the phytophagous beetles of the Malay Archipelago, with description of the new species collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 4: 1–76. [note: pages 77–300 printed in 1867]
- ↑ Jacoby M (1908) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae. Taylor & Francis, London, 534 pp.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Monrós F (1959) Los géneros de Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera). Opera Lilloana 3: 1-337.
- ↑ Gressitt J, Kimoto S (1961) The Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of China and Korea part 1. Pacific Insects Monograph 1: 1-299.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kimoto S, Gressitt J (1979) Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. I. Sagrinae, Donaciinae, Zeugophorinae, Megalopodinae and Criocerinae. Pacific Insects 20(2–3)): 191-256.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Schmitt M (2010) Chapter, Criocerinae. In: Löbl I Smetana A (Eds). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 6, Chrysomeloidea. Stenstrup Apollo Books, Stenstrup (Denmark): 359-368.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Warchałowski A (2011) An introductory review of Lema Fabr. species from Eastern and Southeastern Asia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Criocerinae). Genus 22 (1): 29-93.
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