Lamproclasiopa

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Ephydridae

Name

Lamproclasiopa Hendel – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Lamproclasiopa Hendel 1933: 79 [as a subgenus of Discocerina]. Type species: Lamproclasiopa facialis Hendel 1933, original designation. Zatwarnicki and Mathis 2001: 36 [status as a genus; generic diagnosis]. Wirth 1968: 7 [Neotropical catalog]. Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 168-169 [world catalog]. Zatwarnicki et al. 2016: 16-19 [recharacterization in phylogenetic review of tribe].
• Basila Cresson 1942: 116. Type species: Ditrichophora nadinae Cresson 1925a, original designation. Zatwarnicki and Mathis 2001: 36 [synonymy].

Diagnosis

Lamproclasiopa is distinguished from other genera of Discocerinini by the following combination of characters: Small to medium-sized shore flies, body length 1.7–3.0 mm; generally sparsely to densely microtomentose, subshiny to dull species (Figs 2, 9, 25, 57, 69). Head: One proclinate and one reclinate pair of fronto-orbital setae. Arista usually bearing 5 dorsal rays, rarely 6. Face moderately prominent at level of dorsal facial seta; antennal grooves generally distinctly defined ventrally; face lacking secondary series of setae; facial setae 2, dorsal setae not arising from shiny papilla, lacking a dorsoclinate seta at lower lateral extremity; parafacial narrow to moderately wide throughout length, lacking ventroclinate setulae; gena generally short but very high in the polita group. Eye generally oval, moderately microsetulose, bearing interfacetal setulae (sometimes not discernible by light stereomicroscope). Proboscis with 7 pseudotracheae; cibarium of primitive type with 4 medial sensillae arranged in a horizontal row and 4 moderate posterior sensillae. Thorax: Anterior notopleural seta inserted near middle toward ventral margin, distance between anterior and posterior setae slightly less than half distance between postpronotal seta and anterior notopleural seta; notopleuron bearing several setulae in addition to 2 larger setae; presutural supra-alar seta usually present, well developed; postsutural supra-alar seta lacking; acrostichal setae, including prescutellar pair, lacking, only tiny setulae present. Wing variable, mostly to completely hyaline in most species but some with maculation pattern; costa bearing 5–6 long, dorsal setae between humeral and subcostal breaks; costal vein ratio varying between 0.40–0.90. Forefemur normally developed, lacking row of short, stout setae along posteroventral surface; hindtibia lacking a preapical, ventral, spur-like seta. Stem of halter blackish brown, knob white to whitish yellow. Abdomen: Tergites usually unicolorous, lacking pale-colored areas laterally; male tergite 4 longer than tergite 3. Male terminalia: Epandrium as inverted U in posterior view, dorsal arch complete; arms separate ventrally beyond cerci, surface covered with setae; cercus not fused with epandrium, in posterior view semicircular or crescent-shaped; gonites variously shaped, usually symmetrical, separate from hypandrium, in lateral view generally lunate without setulae; aedeagus longer than wide, mostly tubular, in ventral view navicular, without projections, in lateral view cigar-shaped or tapered toward apex; phallapodeme separate from aedeagus, in ventral view variously shaped; in lateral view irregularly triangular with distinct ventral projection; hypandrium in ventral view U- or Y-shaped with long posterolateral arms (incision reachs to 1/3–1/2 hypandrial length, in lateral view flat, sometimes slightly arched; ejaculatory apodeme absent. Female terminalia: Ventral receptacle without operculum, C-shaped stalk with broader head.

Distribution

(Figs 7, 14, 36, 59, 81, 104, 111, 139). Oriental, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions.

Discussion

With the exception of Lamproclasiopa laevior (Cresson), which is a very disjunct species, occurring only on the Indian Subcontinent, the other congeners are found thus far only in the New World and there primarily in the Neotropics. In the older literature, including catalogs, this genus was frequently treated as a subgenus of Discocerina (see generic and species’ synonymies).
We have arranged all recognized species into species groups based primarily on similarity, both external features and structures of the male terminalia. These groups are not necessarily monophyletic, although some are. Within a species group, the species are treated in alphabetical order.

Key to species of Lamproclasiopa

Key to species of Lamproclasiopa — D. Costa , W. Mathis , L. Marinoni

1		Gena high to very high (gena-to-eye ratio between 0.30–0.64) and with an acutely sharp genal/postgenal margin (Figs 26, 38)    2
–		Gena relatively short (gena-to-eye ratio less than 0.20) and with genal/postgenal margin rounded    4
2		Frons nearly bare, shiny (Figs 37, 38). Distal 3 tarsomeres black; male tergite 5 narrowly rounded posteriorly     Lamproclasiopa polita (Edwards)
–		Frons with anterior half densely microtomentose (Fig. 24). Distal 2–3 tarsomeres yellow; male tergite 5 truncate posteriorly    3
3		Female frons with broad, transverse stripe on anterior half; male mesonotum with microtomentum on anterior third     Lamproclasiopa lapaz sp. n.
–		Female frons mostly bare, shiny, at most with an anteromedial spot and at base of ocellar setae and on some parts of ocellar triangle (Fig. 25); male mesonotum with broad stripe of microtomentum, stronger anteriorly, becoming weaker posterior (Fig. 24)     Lamproclasiopa auritunica sp. n.
4		Wing maculate, at least over crossveins or generally conspicuously infuscation (Figs 58, 62, 70)    5
–		Wing generally hyaline, lacking a maculation pattern or general infuscate    8
5		Wing generally infuscate with blackish veins and crossveins (Fig. 132)     Lamproclasiopa fumipennis (Wirth)
–		Wing with pattern of spots or with a spot over crossveins but not generally infuscate    6
6		Only crossveins r-m and dm-cu with darkened cloud; vein R2+3 curved gently apically, not angulate subapically nor bearing a subapical stump vein (Fig. 62)     Lamproclasiopa mancha sp. n.
–		Wing with numerous dark spots; vein R2+3 angulate subapically and bearing a stump vein with a posteroapical orientation, a second stump vein near middle (Figs 58, 70)    7
7		Mesonotum with 4 brown interrupted vittae, each with elongate, mostly separate spots, none in acrostichal row (Fig. 69)     Lamproclasiopa painteri (Cresson)
–		Mesonotum with 7 brown, mostly entire vittae, including a medial vitta in acrostichal area (Fig. 57)     Lamproclasiopa balsamae (Cresson)
8		Head, thorax, and abdomen generally shiny black, only tarsi and antennal grooves yellow or cinereous (Figs 1–2, 8–9, 98–99)    9
–		Body with extensive surfaces sparsely to densely microtomentose    11
9		Face completely shiny black (Fig. 8)     Lamproclasiopa brunnea sp. n.
–		Face microtomentose, silver white to golden    10
10		Frons generally shiny black; coxae blackish brown     Lamproclasiopa hendeli (Wirth)
–		Frons microtomentose, silvery white or golden; forecoxae light gray (Fig. 98–99)     Lamproclasiopa argentipicta sp. n.
11		Forebasitarsomere white, contrasted with black apical tarsomeres (Fig. 2)     Lamproclasiopa laevior (Cresson)
–		Forebasitarsomere yellow to slightly blackish yellow, not distinctly contrasted with coloration of apical tarsomeres    12
12		Gena relatively high, height subequal to height of basal flagellomere    13
–		Gena relatively short, height about ½ height of basal flagellomere    18
13		Presutural supra-alar seta lacking; katepisternum, especially anterior half, and anteroventral portion of anepisternum shiny black; forefemur with 4–5 stout, peg-like setae on apical third along posteroventral margin    14
–		Presutural supra-alar seta well developed; katepisternum and anepisternum thinly microtomentose, generally appearing dull, not shiny; forefemur with posteroventral setae slender, not stout and peg-like    15
14		Pocket between epandrial arms of male uniformly U-shaped     Lamproclasiopa nadineae (Cresson)
–		Pocket between epandrial arms of male bottle-shaped, with basal half as a narrower neck and apical half wider (Fig. 94)     Lamproclasiopa aliceae sp. n.
15		Eyes covered with tiny, dense setulae; facial microtomentum gray; frons concolorous with mesonotum    16
–		Eyes covered with very sparse setulae or bare; facial microtomentum gray or dark gray; anterior portion of frons usually yellowish orange to some degree    17
16		Epandrium higher than wide; aedeagus thin, narrowly funnel-like, straight (Figs 135–138)     Lamproclasiopa puella (Cresson)
–		Epandrium as high as wide; aedeagus wide, with apex acutely pointed and curved (Figs 128–131)     Lamproclasiopa caligosa sp. n.
17		Aedeagus thin, narrowly funnel-like, straight; gonites without laterodorsal extensions (Fig. 116–117)     Lamproclasiopa aracataca (Cresson)
–		Aedeagus wider, curved laterally; gonites with laterodorsal extensions (Fig. 130–131)     Lamproclasiopa curva sp. n.
18		Antenna yellow (Figs 75, 86)    19
–		Antenna extensively darkened dorsally, only basoventral portion of basal flagellomere and pedicel partially orange to yellowish    21
19		Tibiae entirely black; presutural supra-alar seta well developed; frons and face distinctly two-toned     Lamproclasiopa nana (Williston)
–		Tibiae partially or entirely yellow; frons and face generally unicolorous; presutural supra-alar lacking    20
20		Tibiae black brown with the distal third yellow; frons with 2 small shiny black areas lateroanteriorly     Lamproclasiopa furvitibia sp. n.
–		Tibiae entirely yellow; frons without shiny black areas (Figs 86–87)     Lamproclasiopa xanthocera sp. n.
21		Face with a mediovertical, narrowly triangular, sparsely microtomentose spot (Fig. 18)     Lamproclasiopa triangularis sp. n.
–		Face mostly shiny black, especially medial portion, this area lacking a microtomentose, triangular pattern    22
22.		Foretarsus blackish yellow, apical tarsomeres becoming darker     Lamproclasiopa zerafael sp. n.
–		Foretarsus yellow, apical tarsomeres yellow or becoming darker    23
23		Foretarsus yellowish, apical 1-2 tarsomeres darkened     Lamproclasiopa bisetulosa (Cresson)
–		Foretarsus completely yellow     Lamproclasiopa ecuadoriensis sp. n.

Taxon Treatment

• Costa, D; Mathis, W; Marinoni, L; 2016: A revision of the shore-fly genus Lamproclasiopa Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae) ZooKeys, (631): 1-99. doi

Images

Figures 1–2. Lamproclasiopa laevior (Cresson). (Sri Lanka. N. E. District: Horton Plains) 1 head, anterior view 2 habitus, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figure 7. Distribution map of Lamproclasiopa laevior (▲).  Figures 8–9. Lamproclasiopa brunnea sp. n., male paratype (Costa Rica. San José. Moravia) 8 head, anterior view 9 habitus, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figure 14. Distribution map of Lamproclasiopa brunnea sp. n. (●); Lamproclasiopa furvitibia sp. n. (▲).  Figures 18–19. Lamproclasiopa triangularis sp. n., male paratype (Peru. Madre de Dios: Manu) 18 head, anterior view 19 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figures 24–26. Lamproclasiopa auritunica sp. n. (Bolivia. Oruro: Paznã) 24 male paratype head, anterior view 25 female paratype head, anterior view 26 male paratype habitus, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figure 36. Distribution map of Lamproclasiopa auritunica sp. n. (▲); Lamproclasiopa lapaz sp. n. (♦). Lamproclasiopa hendeli (★).  Figures 37–38. Lamproclasiopa polita (Edwards). (Chile. Osorno: Anticura) 37 head, anterior view 38 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figures 55–58. Lamproclasiopa balsamae (Cresson). (Costa Rica. San José: Pedregoso) 55 head, anterior view 56 same, lateral view 57 thorax, dorsal view 58 Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figure 59. Distribution map of Lamproclasiopa balsamae (▲); Lamproclasiopa bisetulosa (♦); Lamproclasiopa mancha sp. n. (▲); Lamproclasiopa painteri (■).  Figures 60–62. Lamproclasiopa mancha sp. n. (Brazil. Paraná: Curitiba) 60 head, anterior view 61 same, lateral view 62 Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm  Figures 67–70. Lamproclasiopa painteri (Cresson). (Peru. Madre de Dios: Río Manu, Pakitza) 67 head, anterior view 68 same, lateral view 69 thorax, dorsal view 70 Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figures 75–76. Lamproclasiopa nana (Williston). (Brazil. Paraná: Curitiba) 75 head, anterior view 76 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figure 81. Distribution map of Lamproclasiopa aracataca (●); Lamproclasiopa nana (♦); Lamproclasiopa triangularis sp. n. (▲).  Figures 86–87. Lamproclasiopa xanthocera sp. n., male holotype (Brazil. Paraná: Curitiba) 86 head, anterior view 87 habitus, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figures 94–97. Lamproclasiopa aliceae sp. n. (USA. New Mexico: Silver City) 94 epandrium and cerci, posterior view 95 same, lateral view 96 internal structures of male terminalia (aedeagus [shaded], phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium), ventral view 97 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.  Figures 98–99. Lamproclasiopa argentipicta sp. n., male paratype (Costa Rica. San José: Moravia) 98 head, anterior view. 99 habitus, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figure 104. Distribution map of Lamproclasiopa argentipicta sp. n. (■); Lamproclasiopa zerafael sp. n. (●); Lamproclasiopa ecuadoriensis sp. n. (▲); Lamproclasiopa polita (●); Lamproclasiopa xanthocera sp. n. (▲).  Figure 111. Distribution map of Lamproclasiopa aliceae sp. n. (▲); Lamproclasiopa nadineae (●).  Figures 114–117. Lamproclasiopa aracataca (Cresson). (Chile. Bío Bío: Santa Barbara) 114 epandrium and cerci, posterior view 115 same, lateral view 116 internal structures of male terminalia (aedeagus [shaded], phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium), ventral view 117 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.  Figures 128–131. Lamproclasiopa curva sp. n. (Chile. Lanquihue: Casa Pangue) 128 epandrium and cerci, posterior view 129 same, lateral view 130 internal structures of male terminalia (aedeagus [shaded], phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium), ventral view 131 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.  Figure 132. Lamproclasiopa fumipennis (Wirth). (Chile. Valparaíso: Juan Fernández Islands) Wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.  Figures 135–138. Lamproclasiopa puella (Cresson). (Chile. Osorno: Anticura) 135 epandrium and cerci, posterior view 136 same, lateral view 137 internal structures of male terminalia (aedeagus [shaded], phallapodeme, gonite, hypandrium), ventral view 138 same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.  Figure 139. Distribution map of Lamproclasiopa caligosa sp. n. (●); Lamproclasiopa curva sp. n. (♦); Lamproclasiopa fumipennis (★); Lamproclasiopa puella (▲).