Gephyrotes spectabilis (Martino, Emanuela Di & Rosso, Antonietta 2015)
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Ordo: Cheilostomatida
Familia: Cribrilinidae
Genus: Gephyrotes
Name
Gephyrotes spectabilis Canu & Bassler, 1920 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Gephyrotes spectabilis Martino, Emanuela Di, 2015, Zootaxa 3941: 270-270.
Materials Examined
Material examined.Holotype: USNM64261, Early Oligocene, Mississippi, USA.
Description
Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial (Fig. 23). Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed. Autozooids distinct, with thin interzooidal furrows, arranged quincuncially, elliptical, longer than wide (mean L/W = 1.69). Gymnocyst not apparent. Frontal shield flat, formed by 8–12 costae, not including the 2 distalmost pairs participating in the proximal peristomial rim. Costae 25–35 µm broad, widely separated by a large (40–60 µm) elliptical lacuna and a much smaller (15–20 µm), usually subcircular, central intercostal lacuna (Figs 24–25); two large, funnel-shaped, prominent pelmatidia on each costa (Fig. 25). Proximal peristomial rim formed by conjunction of 2 pairs of costae, one pair originating from bifurcation of those most proximal to orifice and projecting frontalwards, the second pair originating lateral to orifice as a continuation of avicularian rostra, if present; collar-like structure exhibiting a transversely elongate, centrally placed intercostal lacuna and 2 subcircular lateral lacunae (Figs 23–24). Primary orifice broader than long, semicircular with concave proximal margin (Fig. 25); secondary orifice trapezoidal (Fig. 24). Oral spines absent. Ooecium globular, small, wider than long, covered by expanding secondary calcification from most proximal costa of distal zooid, leaving a weakly calcified central patch (Fig. 24). Adventitious avicularia large, paired, teardrop-shaped with complete pivot bar (Fig. 24), lateral to the orifice, proximomedially directed. Hollow tubular kenozooids of irregular shape and size frequent along zooidal margins (Figs 23–25).
Discussion
Remarks.Gephyrotes spectabilis is very rare, with only one specimen having been found. The species is most similar in appearance to G. moissettei n. sp. They share the lace-like appearance of the zooids, the presence of two large avicularia placed lateral to the orifice and distomedially directed, and the diffuse presence of a kenozooidal network along lateral and distal margins of zooids. They differ in the number of costae and their thickness, and in the number and size of intercostal lacunae (two, very different in size in G. spectabilis vs three equally sized in G. moissettei). Furthermore, G. spectabilis lacks a gymnocyst, and has very distinctive pelmatidia.
Distribution
Distribution. Early Oligocene of Mississippi, USA (Fig. 1).
N (colonies, zooids)Mean SD Range Zooid length1, 10 509 28 464–561Zooid width1, 10 301 32 245–349Orifice length1, 6 105 4 101–110Orifice width1, 6 146 24 123–172Ovicell length1, 8 135 28 104–175Ovicell width1, 8 213 26 179–258Avicularia length1, 10 127 12 106–145Avicularia width1, 10 84 8 68–100 N, Number of colonies and number of zooids measured; SD, standard deviation.
Taxon Treatment
- Martino, Emanuela Di; Rosso, Antonietta; 2015: Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa, Zootaxa 3941: 270-270. doi
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