Gephyrotes moissettei
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Ordo: Cheilostomatida
Familia: Cribrilinidae
Genus: Gephyrotes
Name
Gephyrotes moissettei Martino, Emanuela Di, 2015 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Gephyrotes moissettei Martino, Emanuela Di, 2015, Zootaxa 3941: 267-270.
Materials Examined
Material examined.Holotype: PMC.B18.6.9.2006a late Tortonian, Calabria, Italy. Paratype: PMC.B18.6.9.2006b, same details as holotype; FSL119799 late Tortonian, Fortuna (Murcie, Spain).
Etymology
Etymology. Named after Dr Pierre Moissette (Université Claude Bernard, Lyon) for his contribution to the knowledge of Miocene bryozoans.
Description
Description. Colony encrusting unilaminar, multiserial (Figs 13, 18). Ancestrula tatiform. Periancestrular zooids similar to later autozooids but smaller (Fig. 18). Autozooids distinct, with deep interzooidal furrows, arranged quincuncially, oval to irregularly polygonal, almost twice as long as wide (mean L/W = 1.92). Gymnocyst smooth, forming steeply inclined marginal portions of frontal shield (Fig. 20), usually narrow laterally, more extensive proximally, often hidden in frontal view by adjacent zooids (Figs 14, 18–19, 22). Frontal shield moderately convex, formed by 11–15 costae, more often 13, not including the 2 distalmost pairs participating in the proximal peristomial rim. Costae 30–50 µm broad, separated by 3 large subquadrangular intercostal pores, except for proximalmost pairs in which only 1–2 pores are present. Costal fusion evident, marked by thin slits along entire costal length, enlarged in places, probably corresponding to original position of pelmatidia. Proximal peristomial rim formed by conjunction of two pairs of raised costae, one pair originating from bifurcation of those most proximal to orifice and projecting upwards, the second pair originating lateral to orifice as continuations of avicularian rostra, if present (Figs 17, 19, 22); this collar-like rim with semicircular intercostal lacuna centrally that is smaller than the two elliptical lateral lacunae (Figs 14–15, 22). Primary orifice broader than long, semicircular with straight or slightly concave proximal margin (Fig. 16); secondary orifice subcircular, bean-shaped in zooids with ooecia. Oral spines absent. Ooecium prominent, subglobular, wider than long, with less-calcified irregularly shaped patches (Figs 19, 22), becoming deeply immersed in distal zooid in late ontogeny by encroaching secondary calcification (Fig. 15). Adventitious avicularia large, usually paired, lateral to orifice, proximomedially directed, sickle-shaped, slender if associated with ordinary autozooids (Fig. 14), squatter if associated with ooecia (Fig. 15); sometimes absent in autozooids. Pivot bar complete (Figs 20, 22) but rarely preserved. Small irregularly shaped or tubular hollow structures, interpreted as kenozooids, frequent along zooidal margins, more often placed lateral and distal to orifice (Figs 14, 19). Uniporous mural septula in inner vertical walls (Fig. 21).
Discussion
Remarks. Within-colony variability is mostly related to zooid size and shape, with some of the zooids distinctly shorter than average (Figs 13, 18). The lace-like appearance of the frontal shield renders G. moissettei n. sp. similar to G. spectabilis (see below) but readily distinguishable from other species of the genus. Gephyrotes moissettei differs from the other Mediterranean species, G. f o r t u n e n s i s Pouyet, 2000 in having more numerous costae, a less extensive gymnocyst and much larger intercostal pores. Further differences are related to the collarlike peristomial complex, which exhibits three transversally aligned intercostal lacunae, with the central one smaller in G. moissettei but more proximal and larger than the two lateral lacunae in G. fortunensis, as figured by N, Number of colonies and number of zooids measured; SD, standard deviation.
N (colonies, zooids)Mean SD Range Zooid length1, 15 760 68 737–866Zooid width1, 15 411 79 364–502Orifice length1, 10 126 4 122–130Orifice width1, 10 191 19 171–209Ovicell length1, 6 267 10 260–274Ovicell width1, 6 321 24 304–339Avicularia length1, 10 190 9 182–202Avicularia width1, 10 83 7 73–89 Berning (2006, figs 48–49). As mentioned above, we disagree with the original description of G. fortunensis regarding the presence of distally directed avicularia, oral spines, and an ooecium characterized by a median ridge and two fenestrae. Specimens assigned to Gephyrotes sp. by Moissette (1988, pl. 18, figs 8, 11), catalogue numbers FSL119779 and FSL119849, are here synonymized with G. moissettei, as well as with G. cf. fortunensis, specimen P01606, of Zágoršek (2010). Berning (2006, p. 54) already highlighted the differences between Moissette's specimens and typical G. fortunensis. The ancestrula has not been figured, having been accidentally detached during preparation of the specimen for SEM.
Distribution
Distribution. Langhian of the Czech Republic; late Tortonian of Calabria, southern Italy, and SE Spain; Messinian of Algeria (Fig. 1).
Taxon Treatment
- Martino, Emanuela Di; Rosso, Antonietta; 2015: Revision of the bryozoan genus Gephyrotes Norman, 1903 (Cheilostomata, Cribrilinidae) with the description of two new taxa, Zootaxa 3941: 267-270. doi
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