Exaesiopus
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Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Histeridae
Name
Exaesiopus Reichardt, 1926 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Exaesiopus Reichardt 1926[1]: 14. Type species Saprinus grossipes Marseul, 1855, original designation.
- Exaesiopus: Reichardt (1941)[2]: 156, 329; Peyerimhoff (1936)[3]: 226; Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt (1976)[4]: 112, 232; Mazur and Kaszab (1980)[5]: 7, 61; Vienna (1980)[6]: 117, 195; Mazur (1984)[7]: 101; Mazur (1997)[8]: 263; Yélamos (2002)[9]: 245, 338; Mazur (2004)[10]: 92; Lackner (2010)[11]: 63, 111; Mazur (2011)[12]: 210.
Diagnosis
Although the genus has been recently diagnosed (Lackner 2010[11]: 111), it requires modification to accommodate the newly examined species Exaesiopus laevis, the newly included Exaesiopus glaucus (Bickhardt), and the newly described Exaesiopus therondi. Body in most species strongly convex, especially dorsally; cuticle light to dark brown to almost black, in several species with (feeble) green lustre. Clypeus anteriorly elevated (Fig. 4); frontal stria carinate (Fig. 2); frons with several chevrons, occasionally surrounded by numerous tiny rugae (Fig. 2); pronotal hypomeron setose (Fig. 55). Elytra in most species with punctation; in all species striate; pleura and sterna furnished with short setae (Fig. 41). Prosternum with both sets of striae complete, and occasionally with weakly impressed prosternal foveae (Fig. 6). Protibia with 2–3 (large) teeth topped by triangular denticle; protibial spur in most species inconspicuous (apparently absent); metafemora thickened; metatibiae triangularly dilated and thickened (except for Exaesiopus glaucus).
Differential diagnosis
Members of Exaesiopus are generally morphologically most similar to the Old World species of the genus Hypocaccus, differing from them chiefly by the setose pronotal hypomeron, strongly convex body, thickened metafemora and triangularly dilated and thickened metatibiae. In North America, however, there are at least two species of Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus propensus (Casey, 1893) and Hypocaccus servilis Casey, 1893) that are characterized by the presence of hypomeral setae.
Biology
Exaesiopus species are almost exclusively found in sandy soils, beach dunes, river sands, and are also found in sandy areas further inland (e.g. Sahara desert). Morphologically they are well adapted to their fossorial habits. Species are often collected on rotting biological matter, e.g. under faeces, dead fish etc., and are occasionally found under coastal wrack or by shore washing. The middle Asian Exaesiopus atrovirens and Exaesiopus torvus are sometimes found burrowing under Tamarix. The biology of Exaesiopus laevis and Exaesiopus therondi is unknown, the latter has been found inside the stomach of Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus L. (Aves)).
Distribution
Genus Exaesiopus has a generally circum-Mediterranean-Caspian-Turanian distribution, most westerly occurring on the Canary Islands, reaching Afghanistan in the east. Its members have also been collected in the Sahara desert (Laghouat, Algeria), reaching as far east as northern Somalia (Exaesiopus laevis) or Djibouti (Exaesiopus henoni). Exaesiopus glaucus is known only from the Republic of South Africa and Namibia.
Taxon Treatment
- Lackner, T; 2015: Revision of the genus Exaesiopus Reichardt, 1926 (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Saprininae) ZooKeys, (479): 65-108. doi
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Other References
- ↑ Reichardt A (1926) Über die mit Pachylopus verwandten Arten. Entomologische Blätter 22: 12–18.
- ↑ Reichardt A (1941) Semeystva Sphaeritidae i Histeridae (Vol. 1). [Families Sphaeritidae and Histeridae]. In: Fauna SSSR, Nasekomye Zhestokrylye, V, 3. Nauka, Moskva-Leningrad, xiii + 419 pp.
- ↑ Peyerimhoff P (1936) Les Saprinines Sabulicoles du Nord de l’Afrique (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d’Égypte 20: 213–228.
- ↑ Kryzhanovskij O, Reichardt A (1976) Zhuki Nadsemeystva Histeroidea (semeystva Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Synteliidae). [Beetles of the superfamily Histeroidea (families Sphaeritidae, Histeridae, Syntelidae)]. In: Fauna SSSR, Zhestokrylye, Vyp. 4. Nauka, Leningrad, 434 pp. [in Russian]
- ↑ Mazur S, Kaszab Z (1980) Sutabogarak – Histeridae. 14. Füzet. In: Fauna Hungariae. 138. VII Kötet. Academic Press, Budapest, 123 pp. [in Hungarian]
- ↑ Vienna P (1980) Fauna d’Italia. Vol. XVI. Coleoptera Histeridae. Calderini Press, Bologna, ix + 386 pp. [in Italian]
- ↑ Mazur S (1984) A world catalogue of Histeridae. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 54(3-4): 1–376.
- ↑ Mazur S (1997) A world catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Genus, Supplement: 1–373.
- ↑ Yélamos T (2002) Coleoptera, Histeridae. In: Ramos M Tercedor J Bellés-Ros X Gosálbez-Noguera J Sierra Á Mayol E Piera F Marino J González J (Eds) Fauna Ibérica. Vol. 17. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSCI, Madrid, 411 pp. [in Spanish]
- ↑ Mazur S (2004) Family Histeridae. In: Löbl I Smetana A (Eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 2, Hydrophiloidea-Histeroidea-Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 68–102.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lackner T (2010) Review of the Palaearctic genera of Saprininae (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 50 (Supplementum): 1–254.
- ↑ Mazur S (2011) A concise catalogue of the Histeridae (Coleoptera). Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW Press, Warsaw, 332 pp.
