Euxaldar daweishanensis
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Ordo: Hemiptera
Familia: Issidae
Genus: Euxaldar
Name
Euxaldar daweishanensis Yang & Chang & Yang & Chen, 2021 sp. nov. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile
Type material
Holotype: ♂, China: Yunnan Province, Pingbian County, Mt: Daweishan National Nature Reserve (23°07'N, 103°20'E), 8 August, 2017, Qiang Luo, Nian Gong, Y.-J Sui, Yan Zhi. Paratypes: 7♂♂ 36♀♀, same data as holotype.
Measurements
Total length (from apex of coryphe to tip of forewing): male 4.1–4.3 mm (N = 6), female 4.6–4.9 mm (N = 10); forewing length: male 3.8–4.0 mm (N = 7), female 4.2–4.4 mm (N= 10).
Diagnosis
This species differs from other Euxaldar species by the following characters: (1) coryphe about 2.3 times wider than long (less, or more than 2.3 times as wide as long in other species of Euxaldar); (2) first metatibiotarsal of hind leg with 8 intermediate spines (other species of Euxaldar with first metatarsomere of hind leg with 6 or 7 intermediate spines); (2) penis with 3 different ribbon-shaped processes at middle (Figs 16, 17, pp, paed), dorsal lobe of periandrium with 2 asymmetrical sword-shaped subapical processes in apical half (Figs 16, 17, sap) (other species without sword-shaped subapical processes in apical half of dorsal lobe of periandrium).
Coloration
Male body brown yellowish, with irregular dark brown bands on forewings. Coryphe brown (Fig. 8). Metope with all margins, pustules, and median carinae pale yellow, disc dark brown (Fig. 9). Metopoclypeal suture light yellow. Anteclypeus straw yellow. Postclypeus pale yellow (Figs 9, 10). Rostrum and antenna straw yellow (Fig. 10). Eyes dark brown (Figs 8–10). Pronotum straw yellow. Mesonotum dark brown (Fig. 8). Forewings slightly hyaline, with 2 irregular brown bands (Figs 1, 2, 11): a large one derived from costal margin to almost C2 of radial cell, small one derived from apical half of median cell, extended to areola postica (anterior cubital area). Legs (Figs 2, 4) light brown. Abdomen brown, male genital segment light straw yellow. Females generally darker than males (Figs 3, 4).
Head and thorax
Coryphe transverse, about 2.3 times wider than long, anterior margin weakly prominent in the middle, posterior margin angularly concave (Fig. 8). Metope flat, median carinae weak, running from upper margin and reaching middle, with a row of distinct pustules along lateral margins, disc with weak pustules (Fig. 9). Metopoclypeal suture complete (Fig. 9). Anteclypeus with distinct median carinae (Figs 9, 10). Pronotum with disc depressed (Fig. 8). Mesonotum about 2.1 times longer than pronotum. Forewings (Figs 1–4, 11) with distinct claval suture and CuP venation, the other venation reticulate, poorly recognizable. Hind wings about 0.7 times as long as forewings, venation reticulate (Fig. 12). Hind tibiae with 2 lateral teeth. Metatibiotarsal formula (9–8)–8–2.
Male genitalia
Anal tube (Fig. 13) enlarging from base to apical fourth in dorsal view, narrowing to apex, apical margin convex in the middle, laterally with 2 small triangular processes in apical fourth. Pygofer with hind margin distinctly convex (Figs 5, 14). Gonostyli triangular, hind margin convex, caudo-dorsal angle rounded (Fig. 14). Capitulum of gonostyli style with wide and short neck, with a wide lateral tooth and 2 apical teeth (Figs 14, 15). Corpus of connective rod-like (Figs 5–7, 16, 17), curved, cuticularized, reaching middle of periandrium; tectiductus of connective cup-shaped, third ventral part separated from corpus (Fig. 14). Periandrium asymmetrical (Figs 6, 7, 16, 17), suspensorium V-shaped in dorsal view, membranaceous in the middle; base with process claval (Figs 16, 17, bp), dorsal periandrium lobe with 2 ribbon-like processes in center near right edge (Figs 16, 17, pp), directed dorsad, respectively curved caudad and cephalad; dorsal lobe in left lateral view with 2 subapical processes near apex (Fig. 16, sap): one crescent-shaped, above base with another process shortly sword-shaped, directed caudad; in right lateral view (Fig. 17, sap) with two subapical processes derived from apical third, directed apically, one process base movable, sword-shaped, below base another process crutch-like and sclerotized. Ventral periandrium lobe (Fig. 18, vlp) with apical margin convex, shorter than dorso-lateral lobe of periandrium (Figs 16, 17, dllp, 18) in ventral view. Aedeagus (Figs 16, 17, aed) with dagger-shaped process, base slightly movable, directed dorsad, slightly inclined caudad (Figs 16, 17, paed).
Female genitalia
Anal tube ovate in dorsal view, about 1.3 times longer than maximal width at second part (Fig. 19). Anal style long, located at basal fifth of anal tube. In ventral view, Sternite VII with hind margin convex medially, without any process in ventral view, disc arched ventrad (Fig. 20). Anterior connective lamina of gonapophysis VIII nearly rectangular, with 3 or 4 apical teeth on inner lateral margin and 3 lateral teeth bearing 3 keels on outer lateral margin (Figs 21, 22); endogonocoxal lobe developed, membranous in distal part (Figs 21, 22). Posterior connective lamina of gonapophyses IX triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 23), narrowing; median field with leaf-like process bearing apical margin, deeply incised in the middle (Fig. 23, mdp); lateral field (Fig. 23, lf) without obvious process; distal parts of laminae (Fig. 23, slf) with tooth-like process on each lateral margin; posterior ventral lobes bent at slender angle (Figs 23, pvb, 24). Gonoplacs in lateral view irregularly elliptical (Fig. 25), without carinae, with apical half fused, apical margin membranous (Fig. 26).
Etymology
This new species is named after the type locality, Mt. Daweishan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China.
Distribution
China (Yunnan Province)
Remark
This new species resembles Euxaldar jehucal but differs from the latter by the following combined features: Anal tube with apical margin convex in the middle, lateral margin with a small triangular process in each side (anal tube wide, apical margin deeply concave medially in E. jehucal); periandrium with two asymmetrical subapical processes sword-shaped in apical half (periandrium with subapical processes not as sword-shaped in E. jehucal); aedeagus with one medial dagger-like process on lateral margins (aedeagus without any processes on lateral margins in E. jehucal).
Phylogenetical analysis
Four gene fragments of Euxaldar daweishanensis sp. nov. were sequenced and registered in GenBank with the accession numbers as follows: MK441660 (COI), MK426664 (16S), MK441661 (Cytb), MK441662 (28S d6-d7). Nucleotide compositions are listed in Table 3. A+T content of 16S is the highest (76.0%) and 28S (d6-d7) is the lowest (39.2%).
This study deals with more molecular markers from Oriental and Western Palaearctic, Nearctic and Neotropical regions than previous reviews by Wang et al. (2016)[1] and Gnezdilov et al. (2020)[2]. BI (Fig. 27) and ML (Fig. 28) topologies were mostly congruent, and the monophyly of Issidae was reconfirmed. The Issidae had lower support in the ML tree (BS: 47) than Gnezdilov et al. (2020)[2] and Wang et al. et al. (2016) and higher support in the BL analysis (PP: 88). Subfamilies Hysteropterinae Melichar, 1906 sensu (Gnezdilov et al. 2020[2]) and Issinae Spinola, 1839 sensu (Gnezdilov et al. 2020[2]) are both recovered (nodes 1 and 2: ML: 47, 67; BI: 88, 89, respectively).
| Gene | A% | T% | G% | C% | A+T% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COI | 33.2 | 36.3 | 17.8 | 12.7 | 69.5 |
| 16S | 27.4 | 48.6 | 14.9 | 9.1 | 76.0 |
| Cytb | 35.3 | 34.5 | 11.6 | 18.6 | 69.8 |
| 28S d6-d7 | 20.4 | 18.9 | 33.7 | 27.0 | 39.2 |
Node 2 (ML: 67, BI: 89) includes five monophyletic tribes (nodes 7–11): Issini, Kodaianellini and Hemisphaeriini sensu (Gnezdilov 2020), Parahiraciini, and Sarimini sensu (Wang et al. 2016[1]), while the monophyly of Sarimini and Parahiraciini was not supported by Gnezdilov (2020).
| Species | COI | Cytb | Gene 18S (A2–9R) | Gene 28S (D3–D5) | Gene 28S (D6–D7) | Collection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agalmatium flavescens (Olivier, 1791) | MN194180 | MN191521 | MN165781 | MN266987 | MN266956 | Russia |
| Anatolodus musivus Dlabola, 1982 | MN194181 | – | MN165782 | MN266988 | MN266957 | Turkey |
| Balduza una (Ball, 1910) | – | MN191522 | MN165783 | MN266989 | MN266958 | Mexico |
| Bootheca taurus (Oshanin, 1870) | MN194182 | MN191523 | MN165784 | MN266990 | MN266959 | Bulgaria |
| Bubastia josifovi Dlabola, 1980 | – | MN191524 | MN165785 | MN266991 | MN266960 | Bulgaria |
| Bubastia sp. | – | MN191525 | MN165786 | MN266992 | MN266961 | Greece |
| Caloscelis wallengreni Stål, 1863 | KX702956 | KX702901 | KX702855 | KX761436 | KX702877 | China |
| Celyphoma quadrupla Meng & Wang, 2012 | KX702919 | KX702906 | KX761576 | KX761444 | KX702806 | China |
| Ceratogergithus pseudotessellatus (Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007) | KX761502 | KX761513 | KX761491 | KX761532 | KX761521 | China |
| Ceratogergithus spinosus (Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007) | KX761502 | KX761513 | KX761491 | KX761532 | KX761521 | China |
| Choutagus longicephalus Zhang, Wang & Che, 2006 | KX761460 | – | KX650620 | KX761450 | KX702810 | China |
| Cixius sp. | KR343731 | KX702891 | JQ982514 | KX761413 | France | |
| Clypeosmilus centrodasus Gnezdilov & Soulier-Perkins, 2017 | KX761470 | KX761474 | KX761575 | – | – | Vietnam |
| Conosimus coelatus Mulsant & Rey, 1855 | MN194183 | MN191526 | MN165787 | MN266993 | MN266962 | France |
| Dicranotropis hamata (Boheman, 1847) | KX76146 | – | KX702837 | KX761409 | – | Austria |
| Dictyophara europaea (Linnaeus, 1767) | KJ911190 | KX702896 | KX702851 | KX761427 | – | Russia |
| Euroxenus vayssieresi (Bonfils, Attie & Reynaud, 2001) | – | – | MN165789 | MN266995 | MN266964 | China, Reunion |
| Eusudasina nantouensis Yang, 1994 | HM052838 | HM452266 | – | – | – | China |
| Euxaldar daweishanensis sp. nov.* | MK441660 | MK441661 | – | – | MK441662 | China |
| Euxaldar lenis Gnezdilov, Bourgoin & Wang, 2017 | – | – | KX761565 | KX761412 | – | Vietnam |
| Falcidius limbatus (A. Costa, 1864) | MN194185 | – | MN165790 | MN266996 | MN266965 | Italy |
| Flavina hainana (Wang & Wang, 1999) | – | KX702912 | KX702824 | KX761453 | MN381846 | China |
| Fortunia sp. | KX761498 | KX761509 | KX761487 | KX761518 | China | |
| Gergithoides carinatifrons Schumacher, 1915 | KX761555 | KX702905 | KX761538 | – | KX702805 | China |
| Gergithoides caudospinosus Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014* | MN171521 | MW233581 | – | MW228374 | China | |
| Gergithoides rugulosus (Melichar, 1906) | HM052835 | HM452279 | – | – | – | China |
| Gergithus frontilongus Meng, Webb & Wang, 2017* | MN171522 | MW233582 | – | MW228375 | China | |
| Gergithus parallelus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007* | MN171523 | MW233583 | – | MW228376 | China | |
| Gergithus yunnanensis Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007 | KX702924 | KX702915 | KX702831 | KX761456 | MN381848 | China |
| Gnezdilovius sp.* | MN171524 | – | – | – | MW228377 | China |
| Hemisphaerius coccinelloides (Burmeister, 1834) | KX702934 | KX702884 | KX702834 | KX761405 | KX702861 | Philippines |
| Hemisphaerius lysanias Fennah, 1978 | KX702933 | KX702883 | KX702833 | KX761404 | KX702860 | Vietnam |
| Hemisphaerius palaemon Fennah, 1978 | KX761497 | KX761508 | KX761486 | KX761526 | KX761517 | China |
| Hemisphaerius rufovarius Walker, 1858 | KX702923 | KX702913 | KX702825 | KX761454 | KX702812 | China |
| Hemisphaerius sp. | KX761556 | KX702885 | KX702835 | KX761406 | KX702862 | Laos |
| Hemisphaerius testaceus Distant, 1906 | HM052831 | HM452258 | – | – | – | China |
| Hysteropterum dolichotum Gnezdilov & Mazzoni, 2004 | – | – | MN165791 | MN266997 | MN266966 | France |
| Issus coleoptratus (Fabricius, 1781) | KX702932 | KX761550 | KX761568 | KX761403 | KX761560 | France |
| Issus lauri Ahrens, 1814 | – | MN191528 | MN165793 | MN266999 | MN266968 | Italy |
| Kervillea conspurcata (Spinola, 1839) | MN194187 | MN191529 | MN165794 | MN267000 | MN266969 | Slovenia |
| Kodaianella bicinctifrons Fennah, 1956 | KX761458 | KX702902 | KX702814 | KX761441 | KX702802 | China |
| Kodaianellissus intorqueus Wang, Bourgoin & Zhang, 2017 | – | KX761472 | KX761476 | KX761480 | KX761482 | China |
| Latematium latifrons (Fieber, 1877) | MN194188 | MN191530 | MN165795 | MN267001 | MN266970 | Bulgaria |
| Latilica antalyica (Dlabola, 1986) | – | MN191531 | MN165796 | MN267002 | MN266971 | Greece |
| Latissus dilatatus (Fourcroy, 1785) | – | MN191532 | MN165797 | MN267003 | MN266972 | Greece |
| Macrodaruma pertinax Fennah, 1978 | KX702931 | KX702882 | KX702832 | KX761402 | KX702859 | Vietnam |
| Macrodaruma sp. | KX702927 | KX702881 | KX702828 | KX761399 | KX702857 | China |
| Maculergithus multipunctatus (Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007) | KX702918 | KX702904 | KX702816 | KX761443 | KX702804 | China |
| Maculergithus nonomaculatus (Meng & Wang, 2012) | KX761503 | KX761514 | KX761492 | KX761533 | KX761522 | China |
| Mongoliana serrata Che, Wang & Chou, 2003 | HM052830 | HM452272 | – | – | – | China |
| Mongoliana sinuata Che, Wang & Chou, 2003 | KX761459 | KX702908 | KX702820 | KX761448 | – | China |
| Mongoliana sp. 2 | – | – | KX761566 | KX761534 | MN381849 | China |
| Mongoliana sp.1 | – | MN332233 | MN422135 | MN381854 | – | Thailand |
| Mongoliana triangularis Che, Wang & Chou, 2003 | – | KX761510 | KX761561 | KX761528 | – | China |
| Mulsantereum maculifrons (Mulsant & Rey, 1855) | KX702928 | KX761551 | KX761569 | KX761400 | MN381847 | France |
| Mycterodus drosopoulosi Dlabola, 1982 | MN194189 | MN191533 | MN165798 | MN267004 | MN266973 | Greece |
| Mycterodus goricus (Dlabola, 1958) | MN194190 | MN191534 | MN165799 | MN267005 | MN266974 | Greece |
| Neodurium hamatum Wang & Wang, 2011 | KX702920 | – | KX702818 | KX761446 | MN381844 | China |
| Neogergithoides tubercularis Sun, Meng & Wang, 2012 | KX761558 | KX702910 | KX702822 | KX761451 | MN381845 | China |
| Ophthalmosphaerius trilobulus (Che, Zhang & Wang, 2006) | KX761462 | KX702914 | KX702826 | KX761455 | KX702813 | China |
| Palmallorcus punctulatus (Rambur, 1840) | KX761462 | KX702914 | MN165800 | MN267006 | MN266975 | Greece |
| Proteinissus bilimeki Fowler, 1904 | MN194193 | MN191537 | MN165803 | MN267009 | MN266978 | Greece |
| Retaldar yanitubus sp. nov. | MN381857 | MN332232 | MN381856 | MN381853 | MN381851 | China |
| Rhombissus sp. | MN332231 | MN381855 | MN381852 | MN381850 | China | |
| Sarima bifurca Meng & Wang, 2016 | KX702921 | KX761552 | KX702819 | KX761447 | KX702808 | China |
| Scorlupaster heptapotamicum Mitjaev, 1971 | – | – | – | MN267010 | MN266979 | Kazakhstan |
| Scorlupella discolor (Germar, 1821) | – | – | MN165804 | MN267011 | MN266980 | Bulgaria |
| Tetrica sp. | KX702922 | KX702909 | KX702821 | KX761449 | KX702809 | China |
| Thalassana ephialtes (Linnavuori, 1971) | MN194194 | MN191538 | MN165805 | MN267012 | MN266981 | Turkey |
| Tingissus guadarramense (Melichar, 1906) | KX702935 | KX702886 | MN165806 | MN267013 | MN266982 | Portugal |
| Traxus fulvus Metcalf, 1923 | MN194195 | MN191539 | MN165807 | MN267014 | MN266983 | Mexico |
| Trypetimorpha occidentalis Huang & Bourgoin, 1993 | KX702957 | – | KX761546 | KX761437 | – | Kazakhstan |
| Tshurtshurnella bicolorata Gnezdilov & Oezgen, 2018 | MN194196 | MN191540 | MN165808 | MN267015 | MN266984 | Turkey |
| Tshurtshurnella zelleri (Kirschbaum, 1868) | – | MN191541 | MN165809 | MN267016 | MN266985 | Italy |
| Zopherisca penelopae (Dlabola, 1974) | – | – | MN165810 | MN267017 | MN266986 | Greece |
Original Description
- Yang, L; Chang, Z; Yang, L; Chen, X; 2021: A new species of the genus Euxaldar Fennah, 1978 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Issidae) from China and revision on the molecular phylogeny of the family ZooKeys, 1021: 19-35. doi
Images
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Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wang M, Zhang Y, Bourgoin T (2016) Planthopper family Issidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha): linking molecular phylogeny with classification.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution105: 224–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.08.012
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gnezdilov V, Konstantinov F, Bodrov S (2020) New insights into the molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the family Issidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea).Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS324(1): 146–161. https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2020.324.1.146
- ↑ Gnezdilov V (2016a) Planthoppers of the family Issidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea) of Western Palaearctic. Thesis of Doctoral Dissertation (Dr. Sci.habilitation), St.-Petersburg, 44 pp. [In Russian]
- ↑ Gnezdilov V (2016b) Notes on phylogenetic relationships of planthoppers of the family Issidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea) of the Western Palaearctic fauna, with description of two new genera.Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie95(2): 362–382. [In Russian] [English translation published in Entomological Review (2016) 96(3): 332–347] https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873816030106
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gnezdilov V (2018) To the revision of the genus Thionia Stål (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae), with description of new genera and new subtribe.Zootaxa4434(1): 158–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4434.1.10
