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Chilicola ( Heteroediscelis )

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Notice: This page is derived from the original publication listed below, whose author(s) should always be credited. Further contributors may edit and improve the content of this page and, consequently, need to be credited as well (see page history). Any assessment of factual correctness requires a careful review of the original article as well as of subsequent contributions.

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This page should be cited as follows (rationale):
Monckton S (2016) A revision of Chilicola (Heteroediscelis), a subgenus of xeromelissine bees (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) endemic to Chile: taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography, with descriptions of eight new species. ZooKeys (591) : 1–144, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2016-05-19, version 97809, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Chilicola_(_Heteroediscelis_)&oldid=97809 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Colletidae

Name

Chilicola Toro & Moldenke, 1979 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Type species

Chilicola mantagua Toro & Moldenke, 1979, by original designation.

Diagnosis

Males are readily diagnosable by S1 with a robust, elongate, ventrally directed process, with truncate apex having a well-defined (sometimes oblique) apical surface (other Chilicola that have such a process have it either spatulate as in Chilicola rubriventris or narrowing to a pointed apex as in some species of Oediscelis). In females, the combination of protibia pale at least in basal half of dorsal surface, stigmal perpendicular basal to or interstitial with first recurrent vein (extending into basal quarter of second submarginal cell in some), and thorax ≤ 1.5mm wide separates this subgenus from all but three. From these, Heteroediscelis females are distinguished as follows: (1) from Unicarinicola by at least T1–T2 with apicolateral patches of white hair (lacking on all terga in Unicarinicola); (2) from Pseudiscelis by the pronotum not elongate, with medial length of collar at most one-quarter of anterior width of collar (at least one-third in Pseudiscelis); (3) from Prosopoides by the absence of distinct and depressed facial foveae, although these are sometimes represented by a poorly delimited, not-depressed shiny area of reduced puncture density. The more mesal longitudinal depressions of the paraocular area in Chilicola neffi and Chilicola packeri partially accommodate the scape and are not homologous with facial foveae (for example, species of the subgenus Hylaeosoma possess both).

Redescription

Small bees, length 4.2–6.8mm.
Colouration: Both sexes black to black-brown, margin of pronotal lobe yellow, tegula translucent yellow, wing veins brown to translucent yellow basally, tarsal segments II–IV of all legs variable from dark with apices yellow to entirely yellow, metasomal terga and sterna (T1–T6 & S1–S6 in males, T1–T5 & S1–S5 in females) with translucent yellow or amber marginal zones, wider on recurved lateral portion of terga, widened medially on sterna. Male antenna with ventral surface yellow to yellow-brown, and following parts yellow: labrum and most of mandible, markings on clypeus and lower paraocular area, and on all legs at least on femoral apex and tibial base. Female labrum variable but usually black-brown, mandible variable at least partially dark, face entirely dark (rarely with a yellow-brown or yellow spot on lower paraocular area below anterior tentorial pit, and a single specimen with a brown median spot on clypeus just above upper margin of anterior tentorial pits), ventral surface of antenna yellow or yellow-brown, and yellow on legs at least on tibial base of fore- and midleg, and following parts invariable: yellow apical ring on profemur, broader on anterior surface; yellow apicodorsal rim on mesofemur; yellow-brown apicoventral rim on coxa and trochanter of all legs.
Pubescence: White hairs generally short (0.5OD) and sparse, not especially plumose. Longer and denser on lower paraocular area and lateral margin of mesosomal dorsum. Mesal and lateral margins of scape with single row of long hairs forming a fringe. Genal beard longer and denser in males. Margin of pronotal lobe with short dense tomentum. Mesepisternum with long posteriorly curved hairs. Metasoma with apicolateral patches of white tomentum on at least T1–T2, apical margins of all terga otherwise with short and sparse appressed hairs and very sparse tiny setae medially. Male S1 with a few long, erect hairs basad of process, and S2 with long erect hairs dense, becoming shorter posteriorly. Female with scopae on metafemur and metatibia, corbiculate scopa on S2.
Surface sculpture: Microsculpture imbricate, integument generally dull; punctures generally small and deep. Mesosomal dorsum except metapostnotum densely punctate (i=0.5–1d), metapostnotum usually coarsely rugose. Legs variably puncticulate. Malar space microsculpture completely smooth, shiny, and moderately densely punctate (i=1–2d) along anterior ocular margin, becoming puncticulate-aciculate along posterior ocular margin, with dense minute punctures extending to middle of mandibular base in longer-faced bees. Male lateral surface of pronotum moderately densely punctate posteriorly (i=1–2d) densely punctate anteriorly (i≤d); in females moderately densely punctate throughout. Male metasomal T2–T5 basal depressed area coarsely microsculptured and punctures obscure; in females not coarsely microsculptured. Male metasomal sterna shallowly and sparsely punctate (i≥2d) punctures deeper and denser apicolaterally (i=1–2d); in females sparsely and minutely punctate throughout.
Structure: Anterior tentorial pits elongate, comma-shaped. Inner orbits of compound eye slightly convergent below. Length of pronotal collar medially ~1OD. Pronotum not elongate, at most one-quarter as long as anterior width. Probasitarsus elongate, ≥2.66 as long as maximum depth (usually ≥3). Metatibial spurs not unusually strongly sclerotized or curved. Metabasitarsus elongate, at least three times longer than maximum depth (usually ≥3.5). Stigmal perpendicular at first recurrent vein or in basal quarter of second submarginal cell. Male metafemur strongly swollen, weakly concave ventrally. Male metatibia robust and highly modified: shape approximately triangular in anterior view, with a ventral convexity leading to a rounded summit ventrally; deep longitudinal concavity on posterior surface; posterior surface with two longitudinal carinae: a ventral carina along inside of posterior concavity, and a posterior carina along lateral edge of posterior concavity (see Fig. 6B & D); apical lamina extending mediad from base of spurs, variable in shape and size, in part forming apical rim to posterior concavity. Metapostnotum well-defined, slightly depressed medially, longer than metanotum. Male S1 with a robust, elongate, ventrally directed process, with truncate apex with a well-defined and sometimes oblique apical surface.

Distribution

Known from Chile, as far north as San Pedro de Atacama (Region II) and south to Cuesta Las Raíces (Region IX). Distributed throughout the Central Chilean sub-region, and found also in the Puna province (South American transition zone) and Maule province (Subantarctic sub-region); 0–3210m a.s.l.

Ecology

Habitats range from Araucaria araucana Juss. forest to extreme desert. Recorded late August to late June, most abundant September to December.

Keys to the species of Heteroediscelis

Note: High magnification is required for some identifications; an ocular micrometer capable of distinguishing differences of 0.01mm is recommended. In frontal view, the perimeter of the median ocellus and the apex of the clypeus must be in the same plane of focus.
Males

 Step-by-step identification

Keys to the species of Heteroediscelis — S. Monckton
1
Tibiae and tarsi mostly or entirely yellow-orange (Fig. 1A) 
  2
–
Tibiae and tarsi mostly black-brown (Fig. 1B) 
  3
2 (1)
Apical surface of S1 process longitudinally concave throughout (Fig. 2A); MOC equal to or greater than width of head (Fig. 2B) 
   Chilicola travesia Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Apical surface of S1 process concave posteriorly, convex anteromedially (Fig. 2C); MOC less than (≤0.95×) width of head (Fig. 2D) 
   Chilicola erithropoda Toro & Moldenke, 1979
3 (1)
Frontal area with longitudinal depression above each antennal socket which partially accommodates the scape (Fig. 3A) 
  4
–
Frontal area without such depressions (Fig. 3B) 
  5
4 (3)
Metabasitarsus ≤3.8× as long as maximum depth (Fig. 4A); S8 lateral process with anteromedial sclerotized margin swollen forming a convex incursion into membranous interior (Fig. 4B) 
   Chilicola neffi Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Metabasitarsus ≥4× as long as maximum depth (Fig. 4C); S8 lateral process with anteromedial sclerotized margin wide but subparallel to margin throughout, not swollen (Fig. 4D) 
   Chilicola packeri Monckton, sp. n.
5 (3)
Apical surface of S1 process with distinct longitudinal median ridge, surface otherwise approximately flat (Fig. 5A) 
  6
–
Apical surface of S1 process either longitudinally concave (Fig. 5B), weakly convex (Fig. 5C), or with a median anterior convexity (Fig. 5D) but never with a longitudinal median ridge 
  11
6 (5)
Malar space ≥1.4× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 6A); posterior metatibial carina distinctly toothed (Fig. 6B) 
  7
–
Malar space ≤1.1× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 6C); posterior metatibial carina lacking tooth, at most with a rounded inflection at its midlength (Fig. 6D) 
  8
7 (6)
Clypeus with a distinct median longitudinal depression (Fig. 7A); malar space 2.2× as long as clypeal lateral; lower paraocular maculation not reaching lower tangent of antennal socket (Fig. 7A) 
   Chilicola lickana Monckton, sp. n.
–
Clypeus with median longitudinal depression weak (Fig. 7B); malar space 1.4–2× as long as clypeal lateral; lower paraocular maculation just reaching lower tangent of antennal socket (Fig. 7B) 
   Chilicola guanicoe Monckton, sp. n.
8 (6)
Malar space ~0.5× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 8A) 
   Chilicola vicugna Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Malar space ≥0.8× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 8B) 
  9
9 (8)
Malar space longer than (1.05–1.1×) clypeal lateral (Fig. 9A); in lateral view, S1 process with anterior angle of apex acute (Fig. 9B) 
   Chilicola mavida Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Malar space subequal to or shorter than (0.8–1×) clypeal lateral (Fig. 9C); in lateral view, apex of S1 process appearing broadly rounded (Fig. 9D) 
  10
10 (8)
First flagellomere subequal in length and width or shorter (<1.05×) than wide (Fig. 10A); clypeus extending for half its length or more below lower ocular tangent (Fig. 10A); malar space subequal to or slightly shorter than clypeal lateral (Fig. 10B); clypeal apex yellow along entire width (Fig. 10B) 
   Chilicola curvapeligrosa Monckton, sp. n.
–
First flagellomere ≥1.1× as long as wide (Fig. 10C); clypeus extending for less than half its length below lower ocular tangent (Fig. 10C); malar space about 0.8× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 10D); clypeal apex brown laterad (Fig. 10D) 
   Chilicola mayu Monckton, sp. n.
11 (5)
Malar space longer than (>1.05×) clypeal lateral (Fig. 11A); in lateral view anterior margin of S1 process strongly concave (Fig. 11B); metatibia with wide yellow basal ring (up to one fifth of tibial length) and apex yellow only in ventral half (Fig. 11C), sometimes very narrowly yellow in dorsal half 
  12
–
Malar space shorter than (<0.95×) clypeal lateral (Fig. 11D); in lateral view anterior margin of S1 process sublinear apically (Fig. 11E); metatibia more extensively pale, with wide (up to one third of tibial length) yellow basal and apical rings (Fig. 11F), sometimes yellow along entire dorsal and/or ventral surface 
  15
12 (11)
Malar space very long, ≥2.7× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 12A); clypeus lacking median longitudinal depression (Fig. 12B); apical surface of S1 process weakly concave except for weak anterior convexity (Fig. 12C) 
   Chilicola charizard Monckton, sp. n.
–
Malar space not as long, ≤1.6× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 12D); clypeus with distinct median longitudinal depression extending nearly to apex (Fig. 12E); apical surface of S1 process longitudinally concave throughout (Fig. 12F) 
  13
13 (12)
Metatibia broadly expanded (≥0.5× as deep as long) and with summit of ventral convexity near to tibial apex, at approximately 0.85× tibial length (Fig. 13A); ventral metatibial carina toothed near apex and posterior carina present but weakly defined basally (Fig. 13B); malar space ≥1.2× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 13C) 
  14
–
Metatibia less expanded (>2× as long as maximum depth) and with summit of ventral convexity situated basad of tibial apex at approximately three-quarters of tibial length (Fig. 13D); ventral metatibial carina not toothed near apex, but with a rounded inflection near its midpoint, and posterior carina absent basally, arising at midpoint of ventral carina (Fig. 13E); malar space ≤1.1× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 13F) 
   Chilicola katherinae Monckton, sp. n.
14 (13)
Malar space 1.5–1.6× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 14A); in frontal view, lower ocular tangent passing above or just crossing upper margin of anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 14B) 
  Chilicola diaguita Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Malar space 1.2–1.4× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 14C); in frontal view, lower ocular tangent passing through anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 14D) 
   Chilicola vina Toro & Moldenke, 1979
15 (11)
In lateral view, truncate apex of S1 process perpendicular to axis of process, anterior and posterior margins parallel apically (Fig. 15A); metatibia broadly expanded (≥0.5× as deep as long) and with summit of ventral convexity near to tibial apex, at approximately 0.85× tibial length (Fig. 15B); ventral metatibial carina toothed near apex and posterior carina weakly defined basally (Fig. 15C) 
   Chilicola randolphi Monckton, sp. n.
–
In lateral view, truncate apex of S1 process slightly oblique, anterior and posterior margins convergent apically (Fig. 15D); metatibia less expanded (≥2.1× as long as maximum depth) and with summit of ventral convexity situated basad of tibial apex at approximately two-thirds of tibial length (Fig. 15E); ventral metatibial carina not toothed near apex, but with a rounded inflection near its midpoint, and posterior carina absent basally, arising at or beyond midpoint of ventral carina (Fig. 15F) 
  16
16 (15)
Mesobasitarsus mostly yellow (Fig. 16A); second flagellomere >1.1 l×onger than first (Fig. 16B); malar space <0.5× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 16C) 
   Chilicola deserticola Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Mesobasitarsus mostly dark (Fig. 16D); second flagellomere subequal to first in length (Fig. 16E); malar space >0.5× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 16F) 
   Chilicola mantagua Toro & Moldenke, 1979
1
Protibia with yellow on dorsal surface present in basal half only, apical half dark (Fig. 17A) 
  2
–
Protibia with yellow along entire dorsal surface (Fig. 17B; slightly darkened to yellow-brown apically in Chilicola mantagua, Fig. 17C) 
  5
2 (1)
Malar space at most 0.8× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 18A); pedicel and first flagellomere yellow-brown apicoventrally (Fig. 18B); metasoma mostly orange-brown (Fig. 18C); T3 with apicolateral patches of tomentum as on T1–T2 (Fig. 18C) 
   Chilicola randolphi Monckton, sp. n.
–
Malar space at least as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 18D); pedicel and first flagellomere dark, at most with apicoventral margins brown (Fig. 18E); metasoma black-brown (Fig. 18F); T3 with apicolateral hair band sparse, not tomentose as on T1–T2 (Fig. 18F) 
  3
3 (2)
In frontal view, lower ocular tangent passing just tangent to or above upper margin of anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 19A) 
   Chilicola diaguita Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
In frontal view, lower ocular tangent passing through anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 19B) 
  4
4 (3)
Malar space ≤1.1× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 20A) 
   Chilicola katherinae Monckton, sp. n.
–
Malar space ≥1.2× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 20B) 
   Chilicola vina Toro & Moldenke, 1979
5 (1)
Malar space clearly longer than (>1.1×) clypeal lateral (Fig. 21A) 
  6
–
Malar space at most subequal in length to clypeal lateral (Fig. 21B) 
  8
6 (5)
Malar space less than <1.7× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 21A) 
   Chilicola guanicoe Monckton, sp. n.
–
Malar space at least twice as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 22B, D) 
  7
7 (6)
Metatibia with wide yellow basal and apical rings (Fig. 22A); malar space approximately 2× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 22B), but shorter than width of genal area in lateral view. 
   Chilicola lickana Monckton, sp. n.
–
Metatibia entirely dark, or with a wide basal band of brown that is clearly darker than the pale colouration on other legs (Fig. 22C); malar space >2× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 22D), and longer than width of genal area in lateral view 
   Chilicola charizard Monckton, sp. n.
8 (5)
Malar space approximately 0.9× as long as, or subequal in length to, clypeal lateral (Fig. 23A) 
  9
–
Malar space at most two-thirds as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 23B) 
  10
9 (8)
Apex of metafemur and base of metatibia yellow-brown to brown, distinctly darker than same parts of midleg (Fig. 24A); subantennal sutures ≥1.1× longer than the shortest distance between them (Fig. 24B) 
   Chilicola curvapeligrosa Monckton, sp. n.
–
Apex of metafemur and base of metatibia yellow, as on same parts of midleg (Fig. 24C); subantennal sutures at most as long as the shortest distance between them (Fig. 24D) 
   Chilicola mavida Toro & Moldenke, 1979
10 (8)
Frontal area with longitudinal depressions which partially accommodate the scape (Fig. 25A) 
  11
–
Frontal area without such depressions (Fig. 25B) 
  12
11 (10)
Metasoma with at least T1–T3 orange-brown, except for dark premarginal line and/or a pair of lateral dark spots (Fig. 26A); metabasitarsus narrower, ≥4× as long as maximum depth (Fig. 26B) 
   Chilicola packeri Monckton, sp. n.
–
Metasoma darker, at most T1–T3 orange-brown with apical half of disc dark (Fig. 26C); metabasitarsus broader, ≤4× as long as maximum depth (Fig. 26D) 
   Chilicola neffi Toro & Moldenke, 1979
12 (10)
T3 with apicolateral hair band sparse, not tomentose as on T1–T2 (Fig. 27A); clypeus more sparsely punctate than supraclypeal area (Fig. 27B) 
  13
–
T3 with apicolateral patches of tomentum as on T1–T2 (Fig. 27C); clypeus at least as densely punctate as supraclypeal area (Fig. 27D) 
  14
13 (12)
Clypeus strongly convex in dorsal half, bulging ~2OD above compound eye in lateral view (Fig. 28A); apex of metafemur and base of metatibia brown, distinctly darker than same parts of midleg (Fig. 28B) 
   Chilicola mayu Monckton, sp. n.
–
Clypeus not as above, dorsal half bulging ≤OD above compound eye in lateral view (Fig. 28C); apex of metafemur and base of metatibia yellow, as on same parts of midleg (Fig. 28D) 
   Chilicola vicugna Toro & Moldenke, 1979
14 (12)
Metatibia somewhat expanded, >0.25× as deep as long (Fig. 29A); legs with following parts yellow as on protibia: mesotibia with at least a wide apical ring, apicodorsal rim on metafemur, metatibia with wide basal ring and narrow to wide apical ring, apical half of metadistitarsus (Fig. 29B) 
  15
–
Metatibia not expanded, and >4.1× as long as maximum depth (Fig. 29C); legs less extensively yellow: apex of mesotibia at most narrowly yellow, metafemur with at most a narrow yellow-brown apical ring, metatibia with at most a wide yellow basal ring and posterior apical rim yellow-brown (Fig. 29D) 
  16
15 (14)
Metatibia mostly yellow, at least in basal one-third and apical quarter, often entirely so (Fig. 30A); probasitarsus entirely yellow, at most suffused with yellow-brown at midlength of posterior surface (Fig. 30B) 
   Chilicola travesia Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Metatibia mostly dark, at most basal one-third and a narrow yellow apical ring (Fig. 30C); probasitarsus darker, only basal and apical quarters as pale as yellow on protibia (Fig. 30D) 
   Chilicola erithropoda Toro & Moldenke, 1979
16 (14)
Metapostnotum with sparse, irregular longitudinal carinae (Fig. 31A); protibia with dorsal surface darkened to yellow-brown apically (Fig. 31B); meso- and metabasitarsi almost entirely dark; mesodistitarsus brown in apical one-third; apex of metatibia black-brown (Fig. 31C) 
   Chilicola mantagua Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Metapostnotum rugose, often more weakly so posteriorly (Fig. 31D); protibia with dorsal surface yellow for entire length (Fig. 31E); meso- and metabasitarsi yellow or yellow-brown ventrally; mesodistitarsus yellow or yellow-brown in apical half; posterior apical rim of metatibia brown or yellow-brown (Fig. 31F) 
   Chilicola deserticola Toro & Moldenke, 1979
Females
 Step-by-step identification

Keys to the species of Heteroediscelis — S. Monckton
1
Tibiae and tarsi mostly or entirely yellow-orange (Fig. 1A) 
  2
–
Tibiae and tarsi mostly black-brown (Fig. 1B) 
  3
2 (1)
Apical surface of S1 process longitudinally concave throughout (Fig. 2A); MOC equal to or greater than width of head (Fig. 2B) 
   Chilicola travesia Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Apical surface of S1 process concave posteriorly, convex anteromedially (Fig. 2C); MOC less than (≤0.95×) width of head (Fig. 2D) 
   Chilicola erithropoda Toro & Moldenke, 1979
3 (1)
Frontal area with longitudinal depression above each antennal socket which partially accommodates the scape (Fig. 3A) 
  4
–
Frontal area without such depressions (Fig. 3B) 
  5
4 (3)
Metabasitarsus ≤3.8× as long as maximum depth (Fig. 4A); S8 lateral process with anteromedial sclerotized margin swollen forming a convex incursion into membranous interior (Fig. 4B) 
   Chilicola neffi Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Metabasitarsus ≥4× as long as maximum depth (Fig. 4C); S8 lateral process with anteromedial sclerotized margin wide but subparallel to margin throughout, not swollen (Fig. 4D) 
   Chilicola packeri Monckton, sp. n.
5 (3)
Apical surface of S1 process with distinct longitudinal median ridge, surface otherwise approximately flat (Fig. 5A) 
  6
–
Apical surface of S1 process either longitudinally concave (Fig. 5B), weakly convex (Fig. 5C), or with a median anterior convexity (Fig. 5D) but never with a longitudinal median ridge 
  11
6 (5)
Malar space ≥1.4× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 6A); posterior metatibial carina distinctly toothed (Fig. 6B) 
  7
–
Malar space ≤1.1× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 6C); posterior metatibial carina lacking tooth, at most with a rounded inflection at its midlength (Fig. 6D) 
  8
7 (6)
Clypeus with a distinct median longitudinal depression (Fig. 7A); malar space 2.2× as long as clypeal lateral; lower paraocular maculation not reaching lower tangent of antennal socket (Fig. 7A) 
   Chilicola lickana Monckton, sp. n.
–
Clypeus with median longitudinal depression weak (Fig. 7B); malar space 1.4–2× as long as clypeal lateral; lower paraocular maculation just reaching lower tangent of antennal socket (Fig. 7B) 
   Chilicola guanicoe Monckton, sp. n.
8 (6)
Malar space ~0.5× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 8A) 
   Chilicola vicugna Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Malar space ≥0.8× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 8B) 
  9
9 (8)
Malar space longer than (1.05–1.1×) clypeal lateral (Fig. 9A); in lateral view, S1 process with anterior angle of apex acute (Fig. 9B) 
   Chilicola mavida Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Malar space subequal to or shorter than (0.8–1×) clypeal lateral (Fig. 9C); in lateral view, apex of S1 process appearing broadly rounded (Fig. 9D) 
  10
10 (8)
First flagellomere subequal in length and width or shorter (<1.05×) than wide (Fig. 10A); clypeus extending for half its length or more below lower ocular tangent (Fig. 10A); malar space subequal to or slightly shorter than clypeal lateral (Fig. 10B); clypeal apex yellow along entire width (Fig. 10B) 
   Chilicola curvapeligrosa Monckton, sp. n.
–
First flagellomere ≥1.1× as long as wide (Fig. 10C); clypeus extending for less than half its length below lower ocular tangent (Fig. 10C); malar space about 0.8× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 10D); clypeal apex brown laterad (Fig. 10D) 
   Chilicola mayu Monckton, sp. n.
11 (5)
Malar space longer than (>1.05×) clypeal lateral (Fig. 11A); in lateral view anterior margin of S1 process strongly concave (Fig. 11B); metatibia with wide yellow basal ring (up to one fifth of tibial length) and apex yellow only in ventral half (Fig. 11C), sometimes very narrowly yellow in dorsal half 
  12
–
Malar space shorter than (<0.95×) clypeal lateral (Fig. 11D); in lateral view anterior margin of S1 process sublinear apically (Fig. 11E); metatibia more extensively pale, with wide (up to one third of tibial length) yellow basal and apical rings (Fig. 11F), sometimes yellow along entire dorsal and/or ventral surface 
  15
12 (11)
Malar space very long, ≥2.7× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 12A); clypeus lacking median longitudinal depression (Fig. 12B); apical surface of S1 process weakly concave except for weak anterior convexity (Fig. 12C) 
   Chilicola charizard Monckton, sp. n.
–
Malar space not as long, ≤1.6× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 12D); clypeus with distinct median longitudinal depression extending nearly to apex (Fig. 12E); apical surface of S1 process longitudinally concave throughout (Fig. 12F) 
  13
13 (12)
Metatibia broadly expanded (≥0.5× as deep as long) and with summit of ventral convexity near to tibial apex, at approximately 0.85× tibial length (Fig. 13A); ventral metatibial carina toothed near apex and posterior carina present but weakly defined basally (Fig. 13B); malar space ≥1.2× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 13C) 
  14
–
Metatibia less expanded (>2× as long as maximum depth) and with summit of ventral convexity situated basad of tibial apex at approximately three-quarters of tibial length (Fig. 13D); ventral metatibial carina not toothed near apex, but with a rounded inflection near its midpoint, and posterior carina absent basally, arising at midpoint of ventral carina (Fig. 13E); malar space ≤1.1× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 13F) 
   Chilicola katherinae Monckton, sp. n.
14 (13)
Malar space 1.5–1.6× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 14A); in frontal view, lower ocular tangent passing above or just crossing upper margin of anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 14B) 
  Chilicola diaguita Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Malar space 1.2–1.4× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 14C); in frontal view, lower ocular tangent passing through anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 14D) 
   Chilicola vina Toro & Moldenke, 1979
15 (11)
In lateral view, truncate apex of S1 process perpendicular to axis of process, anterior and posterior margins parallel apically (Fig. 15A); metatibia broadly expanded (≥0.5× as deep as long) and with summit of ventral convexity near to tibial apex, at approximately 0.85× tibial length (Fig. 15B); ventral metatibial carina toothed near apex and posterior carina weakly defined basally (Fig. 15C) 
   Chilicola randolphi Monckton, sp. n.
–
In lateral view, truncate apex of S1 process slightly oblique, anterior and posterior margins convergent apically (Fig. 15D); metatibia less expanded (≥2.1× as long as maximum depth) and with summit of ventral convexity situated basad of tibial apex at approximately two-thirds of tibial length (Fig. 15E); ventral metatibial carina not toothed near apex, but with a rounded inflection near its midpoint, and posterior carina absent basally, arising at or beyond midpoint of ventral carina (Fig. 15F) 
  16
16 (15)
Mesobasitarsus mostly yellow (Fig. 16A); second flagellomere >1.1 l×onger than first (Fig. 16B); malar space <0.5× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 16C) 
   Chilicola deserticola Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Mesobasitarsus mostly dark (Fig. 16D); second flagellomere subequal to first in length (Fig. 16E); malar space >0.5× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 16F) 
   Chilicola mantagua Toro & Moldenke, 1979
1
Protibia with yellow on dorsal surface present in basal half only, apical half dark (Fig. 17A) 
  2
–
Protibia with yellow along entire dorsal surface (Fig. 17B; slightly darkened to yellow-brown apically in Chilicola mantagua, Fig. 17C) 
  5
2 (1)
Malar space at most 0.8× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 18A); pedicel and first flagellomere yellow-brown apicoventrally (Fig. 18B); metasoma mostly orange-brown (Fig. 18C); T3 with apicolateral patches of tomentum as on T1–T2 (Fig. 18C) 
   Chilicola randolphi Monckton, sp. n.
–
Malar space at least as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 18D); pedicel and first flagellomere dark, at most with apicoventral margins brown (Fig. 18E); metasoma black-brown (Fig. 18F); T3 with apicolateral hair band sparse, not tomentose as on T1–T2 (Fig. 18F) 
  3
3 (2)
In frontal view, lower ocular tangent passing just tangent to or above upper margin of anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 19A) 
   Chilicola diaguita Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
In frontal view, lower ocular tangent passing through anterior tentorial pits (Fig. 19B) 
  4
4 (3)
Malar space ≤1.1× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 20A) 
   Chilicola katherinae Monckton, sp. n.
–
Malar space ≥1.2× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 20B) 
   Chilicola vina Toro & Moldenke, 1979
5 (1)
Malar space clearly longer than (>1.1×) clypeal lateral (Fig. 21A) 
  6
–
Malar space at most subequal in length to clypeal lateral (Fig. 21B) 
  8
6 (5)
Malar space less than <1.7× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 21A) 
   Chilicola guanicoe Monckton, sp. n.
–
Malar space at least twice as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 22B, D) 
  7
7 (6)
Metatibia with wide yellow basal and apical rings (Fig. 22A); malar space approximately 2× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 22B), but shorter than width of genal area in lateral view. 
   Chilicola lickana Monckton, sp. n.
–
Metatibia entirely dark, or with a wide basal band of brown that is clearly darker than the pale colouration on other legs (Fig. 22C); malar space >2× as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 22D), and longer than width of genal area in lateral view 
   Chilicola charizard Monckton, sp. n.
8 (5)
Malar space approximately 0.9× as long as, or subequal in length to, clypeal lateral (Fig. 23A) 
  9
–
Malar space at most two-thirds as long as clypeal lateral (Fig. 23B) 
  10
9 (8)
Apex of metafemur and base of metatibia yellow-brown to brown, distinctly darker than same parts of midleg (Fig. 24A); subantennal sutures ≥1.1× longer than the shortest distance between them (Fig. 24B) 
   Chilicola curvapeligrosa Monckton, sp. n.
–
Apex of metafemur and base of metatibia yellow, as on same parts of midleg (Fig. 24C); subantennal sutures at most as long as the shortest distance between them (Fig. 24D) 
   Chilicola mavida Toro & Moldenke, 1979
10 (8)
Frontal area with longitudinal depressions which partially accommodate the scape (Fig. 25A) 
  11
–
Frontal area without such depressions (Fig. 25B) 
  12
11 (10)
Metasoma with at least T1–T3 orange-brown, except for dark premarginal line and/or a pair of lateral dark spots (Fig. 26A); metabasitarsus narrower, ≥4× as long as maximum depth (Fig. 26B) 
   Chilicola packeri Monckton, sp. n.
–
Metasoma darker, at most T1–T3 orange-brown with apical half of disc dark (Fig. 26C); metabasitarsus broader, ≤4× as long as maximum depth (Fig. 26D) 
   Chilicola neffi Toro & Moldenke, 1979
12 (10)
T3 with apicolateral hair band sparse, not tomentose as on T1–T2 (Fig. 27A); clypeus more sparsely punctate than supraclypeal area (Fig. 27B) 
  13
–
T3 with apicolateral patches of tomentum as on T1–T2 (Fig. 27C); clypeus at least as densely punctate as supraclypeal area (Fig. 27D) 
  14
13 (12)
Clypeus strongly convex in dorsal half, bulging ~2OD above compound eye in lateral view (Fig. 28A); apex of metafemur and base of metatibia brown, distinctly darker than same parts of midleg (Fig. 28B) 
   Chilicola mayu Monckton, sp. n.
–
Clypeus not as above, dorsal half bulging ≤OD above compound eye in lateral view (Fig. 28C); apex of metafemur and base of metatibia yellow, as on same parts of midleg (Fig. 28D) 
   Chilicola vicugna Toro & Moldenke, 1979
14 (12)
Metatibia somewhat expanded, >0.25× as deep as long (Fig. 29A); legs with following parts yellow as on protibia: mesotibia with at least a wide apical ring, apicodorsal rim on metafemur, metatibia with wide basal ring and narrow to wide apical ring, apical half of metadistitarsus (Fig. 29B) 
  15
–
Metatibia not expanded, and >4.1× as long as maximum depth (Fig. 29C); legs less extensively yellow: apex of mesotibia at most narrowly yellow, metafemur with at most a narrow yellow-brown apical ring, metatibia with at most a wide yellow basal ring and posterior apical rim yellow-brown (Fig. 29D) 
  16
15 (14)
Metatibia mostly yellow, at least in basal one-third and apical quarter, often entirely so (Fig. 30A); probasitarsus entirely yellow, at most suffused with yellow-brown at midlength of posterior surface (Fig. 30B) 
   Chilicola travesia Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Metatibia mostly dark, at most basal one-third and a narrow yellow apical ring (Fig. 30C); probasitarsus darker, only basal and apical quarters as pale as yellow on protibia (Fig. 30D) 
   Chilicola erithropoda Toro & Moldenke, 1979
16 (14)
Metapostnotum with sparse, irregular longitudinal carinae (Fig. 31A); protibia with dorsal surface darkened to yellow-brown apically (Fig. 31B); meso- and metabasitarsi almost entirely dark; mesodistitarsus brown in apical one-third; apex of metatibia black-brown (Fig. 31C) 
   Chilicola mantagua Toro & Moldenke, 1979
–
Metapostnotum rugose, often more weakly so posteriorly (Fig. 31D); protibia with dorsal surface yellow for entire length (Fig. 31E); meso- and metabasitarsi yellow or yellow-brown ventrally; mesodistitarsus yellow or yellow-brown in apical half; posterior apical rim of metatibia brown or yellow-brown (Fig. 31F) 
   Chilicola deserticola Toro & Moldenke, 1979

Taxon Treatment

  • Monckton, S; 2016: A revision of Chilicola (Heteroediscelis), a subgenus of xeromelissine bees (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) endemic to Chile: taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeography, with descriptions of eight new species ZooKeys, (591): 1-144. doi

Images

Figure 1. Male, leg colouration: A Chilicola travesia, tibiae and tarsi entirely yellow-orange B Chilicola mantagua, tibiae and tarsi mostly black-brown; scale bars 0.75 mm.
Figure 1. Male, leg colouration: A Chilicola travesia, tibiae and tarsi entirely yellow-orange B Chilicola mantagua, tibiae and tarsi mostly black-brown; scale bars 0.75 mm. 
Figure 2. Male: A Chilicola travesia, apical surface of S1 process longitudinally concave throughout, scale bar 0.15 mm B Chilicola travesia, frontal view, MOC equal to or greater than width of head, scale bar 0.5 mm C Chilicola erithropoda, apical surface of S1 process with anteromedial convexity, scale bar 0.15 mm D Chilicola erithropoda, frontal view, MOC less than width of head, scale bar 0.5 mm.
Figure 2. Male: A Chilicola travesia, apical surface of S1 process longitudinally concave throughout, scale bar 0.15 mm B Chilicola travesia, frontal view, MOC equal to or greater than width of head, scale bar 0.5 mm C Chilicola erithropoda, apical surface of S1 process with anteromedial convexity, scale bar 0.15 mm D Chilicola erithropoda, frontal view, MOC less than width of head, scale bar 0.5 mm. 
Figure 3. Male, frontal view: A Chilicola neffi, arrow indicates longitudinal depression of frontal area B Chilicola vicugna, longitudinal depressions absent; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 3. Male, frontal view: A Chilicola neffi, arrow indicates longitudinal depression of frontal area B Chilicola vicugna, longitudinal depressions absent; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 4. Male: A Chilicola neffi, metabasitarsus† ≤3.8× as long as maximum depth, scale bar 0.25 mm B Chilicola neffi, S8, arrow indicates convex incursion of anteromedial sclerotized margin into lateral process, scale bar 0.15 mm C Chilicola packeri, metabasitarsus ≥4× as long as maximum depth, scale bar 0.25 mm D Chilicola packeri, S8, lateral process with anteromedial sclerotized margin wide but subparallel to margin throughout scale bar 0.15 mm.
Figure 4. Male: A Chilicola neffi, metabasitarsus† ≤3.8× as long as maximum depth, scale bar 0.25 mm B Chilicola neffi, S8, arrow indicates convex incursion of anteromedial sclerotized margin into lateral process, scale bar 0.15 mm C Chilicola packeri, metabasitarsus ≥4× as long as maximum depth, scale bar 0.25 mm D Chilicola packeri, S8, lateral process with anteromedial sclerotized margin wide but subparallel to margin throughout scale bar 0.15 mm. 
Figure 5. Male S1, apical surface: A Chilicola mavida, with longitudinal median ridge B Chilicola randolphi, longitudinally concave C Chilicola neffi, weakly convex D Chilicola charizard, with median anterior convexity; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 5. Male S1, apical surface: A Chilicola mavida, with longitudinal median ridge B Chilicola randolphi, longitudinally concave C Chilicola neffi, weakly convex D Chilicola charizard, with median anterior convexity; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 6. Male: A Chilicola guanicoe, malar space ≥1.4× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola lickana, metatibia, posterior view, toothed posterior carina indicated by red line, ventral carina indicated by yellow line C Chilicola mavida, malar space ≤1.1× as long as clypeal lateral C Chilicola vicugna, metatibia, posterior view, untoothed posterior carina indicated by red line, ventral carina indicated by yellow line; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 6. Male: A Chilicola guanicoe, malar space ≥1.4× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola lickana, metatibia, posterior view, toothed posterior carina indicated by red line, ventral carina indicated by yellow line C Chilicola mavida, malar space ≤1.1× as long as clypeal lateral C Chilicola vicugna, metatibia, posterior view, untoothed posterior carina indicated by red line, ventral carina indicated by yellow line; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 7. Male, frontal view: A Chilicola lickana, arrows indicate median longitudinal depression of clypeus, lower paraocular maculation does not reach lower tangent of antennal socket B Chilicola guanicoe, clypeus without median longitudinal depression, lower paraocular maculation just reaches lower tangent of antennal socket; scale bars 0.5 mm.
Figure 7. Male, frontal view: A Chilicola lickana, arrows indicate median longitudinal depression of clypeus, lower paraocular maculation does not reach lower tangent of antennal socket B Chilicola guanicoe, clypeus without median longitudinal depression, lower paraocular maculation just reaches lower tangent of antennal socket; scale bars 0.5 mm. 
Figure 8. Male: A Chilicola vicugna, malar space ~0.5× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola mayu, malar space ≥0.8× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm
Figure 8. Male: A Chilicola vicugna, malar space ~0.5× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola mayu, malar space ≥0.8× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm 
Figure 9. Male: A Chilicola mavida, malar space longer than clypeal lateral B Chilicola mavida, S1 process†, lateral view with arrow indicating acute anterior apical angle C Chilicola curvapeligrosa, malar space subequal to clypeal lateral D Chilicola curvapeligrosa, S1 process†, lateral view with arrow indicating rounded apex; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 9. Male: A Chilicola mavida, malar space longer than clypeal lateral B Chilicola mavida, S1 process†, lateral view with arrow indicating acute anterior apical angle C Chilicola curvapeligrosa, malar space subequal to clypeal lateral D Chilicola curvapeligrosa, S1 process†, lateral view with arrow indicating rounded apex; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 10. Male: A Chilicola curvapeligrosa, frontal view, F1 shorter than wide, clypeus extending for more than half its length below LOT (white portion of bracket) B Chilicola curvapeligrosa, malar space subequal to clypeal lateral C Chilicola mayu, frontal view, F1 ~1.1× as long as wide, clypeus extending for less than half its length below LOT (white portion of bracket) D Chilicola mayu, malar space ~0.8× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 10. Male: A Chilicola curvapeligrosa, frontal view, F1 shorter than wide, clypeus extending for more than half its length below LOT (white portion of bracket) B Chilicola curvapeligrosa, malar space subequal to clypeal lateral C Chilicola mayu, frontal view, F1 ~1.1× as long as wide, clypeus extending for less than half its length below LOT (white portion of bracket) D Chilicola mayu, malar space ~0.8× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 11. Male: A Chilicola katherinae, malar space longer than clypeal lateral B Chilicola charizard, S1 process, lateral view showing strongly concave anterior margin C Chilicola charizard, metatibia with wide yellow basal ring and apex yellow only basally (C.chzd.005) D Chilicola randolphi, malar space shorter than clypeal lateral E Chilicola deserticola, S1 process†, lateral view showing sublinear anterior margin F Chilicola deserticola, metatibia with basal third yellow and wide yellow apical ring; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 11. Male: A Chilicola katherinae, malar space longer than clypeal lateral B Chilicola charizard, S1 process, lateral view showing strongly concave anterior margin C Chilicola charizard, metatibia with wide yellow basal ring and apex yellow only basally (C.chzd.005) D Chilicola randolphi, malar space shorter than clypeal lateral E Chilicola deserticola, S1 process†, lateral view showing sublinear anterior margin F Chilicola deserticola, metatibia with basal third yellow and wide yellow apical ring; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 12. Male: A Chilicola charizard, malar space ~2.7× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola charizard, clypeus without median longitudinal depression C Chilicola charizard, S1 apical surface with median anterior convexity (C.chzd.005) D Chilicola diaguita, malar space ~1.5× as long as clypeal lateral E Chilicola diaguita, arrows indicate median longitudinal depression F Chilicola diaguita, S1 apical surface longitudinally concave; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 12. Male: A Chilicola charizard, malar space ~2.7× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola charizard, clypeus without median longitudinal depression C Chilicola charizard, S1 apical surface with median anterior convexity (C.chzd.005) D Chilicola diaguita, malar space ~1.5× as long as clypeal lateral E Chilicola diaguita, arrows indicate median longitudinal depression F Chilicola diaguita, S1 apical surface longitudinally concave; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 13. Male: A Chilicola diaguita, metatibia ≥0.5× as deep as long B Chilicola vina, ventral metatibial carina toothed near apex, posterior carina present but weakly defined basally C Chilicola vina, malar space ~1.2× as long as clypeal lateral D Chilicola katherinae, metatibia >2× as long as maximum depth E Chilicola katherinae, ventral metatibial carina with rounded inflection near apex, posterior carina absent basally F Chilicola katherinae, malar space ~1.1× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 13. Male: A Chilicola diaguita, metatibia ≥0.5× as deep as long B Chilicola vina, ventral metatibial carina toothed near apex, posterior carina present but weakly defined basally C Chilicola vina, malar space ~1.2× as long as clypeal lateral D Chilicola katherinae, metatibia >2× as long as maximum depth E Chilicola katherinae, ventral metatibial carina with rounded inflection near apex, posterior carina absent basally F Chilicola katherinae, malar space ~1.1× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 14. Male: A Chilicola diaguita, malar space ~1.5× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola diaguita, frontal view, LOT above anterior tentorial pits C Chilicola vina, malar space ~1.2× as long as clypeal lateral D Chilicola vina, frontal view, LOT passing through anterior tentorial pits; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 14. Male: A Chilicola diaguita, malar space ~1.5× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola diaguita, frontal view, LOT above anterior tentorial pits C Chilicola vina, malar space ~1.2× as long as clypeal lateral D Chilicola vina, frontal view, LOT passing through anterior tentorial pits; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 15. Male: A Chilicola randolphi, S1 process†, lateral view showing perpendicular truncate apex and parallel margins B Chilicola randolphi, metatibia >0.5× as deep as long, summit of ventral convexity at ~0.85× tibial length C Chilicola randolphi, ventral metatibial carina toothed near apex, posterior carina present but weakly defined basally D Chilicola mantagua, S1 process†, lateral view showing oblique apex and apically convergent margins E Chilicola mantagua, metatibia ~2.1× as long as maximum depth, summit of ventral convexity at two-thirds tibial length F Chilicola deserticola, ventral metatibial carina with rounded inflection near apex, posterior carina absent basally; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 15. Male: A Chilicola randolphi, S1 process†, lateral view showing perpendicular truncate apex and parallel margins B Chilicola randolphi, metatibia >0.5× as deep as long, summit of ventral convexity at ~0.85× tibial length C Chilicola randolphi, ventral metatibial carina toothed near apex, posterior carina present but weakly defined basally D Chilicola mantagua, S1 process†, lateral view showing oblique apex and apically convergent margins E Chilicola mantagua, metatibia ~2.1× as long as maximum depth, summit of ventral convexity at two-thirds tibial length F Chilicola deserticola, ventral metatibial carina with rounded inflection near apex, posterior carina absent basally; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 16. Male: A Chilicola deserticola, mesobasitarsus mostly yellow B Chilicola deserticola, F2 longer than F1 C Chilicola deserticola, malar space ~0.33× as long as clypeal lateral D Chilicola mantagua, mesobasitarsus mostly dark E Chilicola mantagua, F2 subequal in length to F1 F Chilicola mantagua, malar space >0.5× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 16. Male: A Chilicola deserticola, mesobasitarsus mostly yellow B Chilicola deserticola, F2 longer than F1 C Chilicola deserticola, malar space ~0.33× as long as clypeal lateral D Chilicola mantagua, mesobasitarsus mostly dark E Chilicola mantagua, F2 subequal in length to F1 F Chilicola mantagua, malar space >0.5× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 17. Female, dorsal surface of protibia: A Chilicola randolphi, yellow in basal half only B Chilicola deserticola, yellow along entire length C Chilicola mantagua, yellow along entire length except darkened to yellow-brown apically; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 17. Female, dorsal surface of protibia: A Chilicola randolphi, yellow in basal half only B Chilicola deserticola, yellow along entire length C Chilicola mantagua, yellow along entire length except darkened to yellow-brown apically; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 18. Female: A Chilicola randolphi, malar space ~0.8× as long as clypeal lateral, scale bar 0.25 mm B Chilicola randolphi, frontal view, pedicel and F1 yellow-brown apicoventrally as indicated by arrows, scale bar 0.25 mm C Chilicola randolphi, metasoma orange-brown, T1-T3 with apicolateral patches of tomentum, scale bar 0.5 mm D Chilicola katherinae, malar space ~1.1× as long as clypeal lateral, scale bar 0.25 mm E Chilicola vina, frontal view, pedicel and F1 dark throughout, as indicated by arrows, scale bar 0.25 mm F Chilicola vina, metasoma black-brown, T3 apicolateral hair band sparse, scale bar 0.5 mm.
Figure 18. Female: A Chilicola randolphi, malar space ~0.8× as long as clypeal lateral, scale bar 0.25 mm B Chilicola randolphi, frontal view, pedicel and F1 yellow-brown apicoventrally as indicated by arrows, scale bar 0.25 mm C Chilicola randolphi, metasoma orange-brown, T1-T3 with apicolateral patches of tomentum, scale bar 0.5 mm D Chilicola katherinae, malar space ~1.1× as long as clypeal lateral, scale bar 0.25 mm E Chilicola vina, frontal view, pedicel and F1 dark throughout, as indicated by arrows, scale bar 0.25 mm F Chilicola vina, metasoma black-brown, T3 apicolateral hair band sparse, scale bar 0.5 mm. 
Figure 19. Female, frontal view: A Chilicola diaguita, LOT above anterior tentorial pits B Chilicola vina, LOT passing through anterior tentorial pits; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 19. Female, frontal view: A Chilicola diaguita, LOT above anterior tentorial pits B Chilicola vina, LOT passing through anterior tentorial pits; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 20. Female: A Chilicola katherinae, malar space ~1.1× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola vina, malar space ~1.3× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 20. Female: A Chilicola katherinae, malar space ~1.1× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola vina, malar space ~1.3× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 21. Female: A Chilicola guanicoe, malar space ~1.33× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola mavida, malar space ~0.9× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 21. Female: A Chilicola guanicoe, malar space ~1.33× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola mavida, malar space ~0.9× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 22. Female: A Chilicola lickana, metatibia with wide yellow basal and apical rings B Chilicola lickana, malar space ~2× as long as clypeal lateral C Chilicola charizard, metatibia with wide brown basal ring, otherwise black-brown D Chilicola charizard, malar space ~2.33× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 22. Female: A Chilicola lickana, metatibia with wide yellow basal and apical rings B Chilicola lickana, malar space ~2× as long as clypeal lateral C Chilicola charizard, metatibia with wide brown basal ring, otherwise black-brown D Chilicola charizard, malar space ~2.33× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 23. Female: A Chilicola mavida, malar space ~0.9× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola mayu, malar space ~0.5× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 23. Female: A Chilicola mavida, malar space ~0.9× as long as clypeal lateral B Chilicola mayu, malar space ~0.5× as long as clypeal lateral; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 24. Female: A Chilicola curvapeligrosa, apex of metafemur and base of metatibia darker than same parts on midleg, as indicated by arrow, scale bar 0.5 mm B Chilicola curvapeligrosa, frontal view, subantennal sutures ~1.1× as long as shortest distance between them, scale bar 0.25 mm C Chilicola mavida, apex of metafemur and base of metatibia yellow as on same parts of midleg, as indicated by arrow, scale bar 0.5 mm D Chilicola mavida, frontal view, subantennal sutures ~0.9× as long as shortest distance between them, scale bar 0.25 mm.
Figure 24. Female: A Chilicola curvapeligrosa, apex of metafemur and base of metatibia darker than same parts on midleg, as indicated by arrow, scale bar 0.5 mm B Chilicola curvapeligrosa, frontal view, subantennal sutures ~1.1× as long as shortest distance between them, scale bar 0.25 mm C Chilicola mavida, apex of metafemur and base of metatibia yellow as on same parts of midleg, as indicated by arrow, scale bar 0.5 mm D Chilicola mavida, frontal view, subantennal sutures ~0.9× as long as shortest distance between them, scale bar 0.25 mm. 
Figure 25. Female, frontal view: A Chilicola neffi, arrows indicate longitudinal depressions of frontal area B Chilicola mantagua, longitudinal depressions absent; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 25. Female, frontal view: A Chilicola neffi, arrows indicate longitudinal depressions of frontal area B Chilicola mantagua, longitudinal depressions absent; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 26. Female: A Chilicola packeri, metasoma, T1-T3 orange-brown except for paired lateral dark spots, scale bar 0.5 mm B Chilicola packeri, metabasitarsus >4× as long as maximum depth, scale bar 0.25 mm C Chilicola neffi, metasoma, T1-T3 partly orange-brown with apical half of disc dark, scale bar 0.5 mm D Chilicola neffi, metabasitarsus ~3.3× as long as maximum depth, scale bar 0.25 mm.
Figure 26. Female: A Chilicola packeri, metasoma, T1-T3 orange-brown except for paired lateral dark spots, scale bar 0.5 mm B Chilicola packeri, metabasitarsus >4× as long as maximum depth, scale bar 0.25 mm C Chilicola neffi, metasoma, T1-T3 partly orange-brown with apical half of disc dark, scale bar 0.5 mm D Chilicola neffi, metabasitarsus ~3.3× as long as maximum depth, scale bar 0.25 mm. 
Figure 27. Female: A Chilicola vicugna, metasoma, T3 apicolateral hair band sparse, scale bar 0.5 mm B Chilicola vicugna, frontal view†, clypeus more sparsely punctate than sypraclypeal area, as indicated by select areas of punctation reproduced in yellow and red respectively, scale bar 0.25 mm C Chilicola mantagua, metasoma, T1-T3 with apicolateral patches of tomentum, scale bar 0.5 mm D Chilicola mantagua, frontal view, clypeus as densely punctate as supraclypeal area, as indicated by select areas of punctation reproduced in yellow and red respectively, scale bar 0.25 mm.
Figure 27. Female: A Chilicola vicugna, metasoma, T3 apicolateral hair band sparse, scale bar 0.5 mm B Chilicola vicugna, frontal view†, clypeus more sparsely punctate than sypraclypeal area, as indicated by select areas of punctation reproduced in yellow and red respectively, scale bar 0.25 mm C Chilicola mantagua, metasoma, T1-T3 with apicolateral patches of tomentum, scale bar 0.5 mm D Chilicola mantagua, frontal view, clypeus as densely punctate as supraclypeal area, as indicated by select areas of punctation reproduced in yellow and red respectively, scale bar 0.25 mm. 
Figure 28. Female: A Chilicola mayu, clypeus bulging ~2OD above compound eye in lateral view, scale bar 0.25 mm B Chilicola mayu, apex of metafemur and base of metatibia darker than same parts on midleg, scale bar 0.5 mm (C.mayu.005) C Chilicola vicugna, clypeus bulging ~OD above compound eye in lateral view, scale bar 0.25 mm D Chilicola vicugna, apex of metafemur and base of metatibia yellow as on same parts of midleg, scale bar 0.5 mm.
Figure 28. Female: A Chilicola mayu, clypeus bulging ~2OD above compound eye in lateral view, scale bar 0.25 mm B Chilicola mayu, apex of metafemur and base of metatibia darker than same parts on midleg, scale bar 0.5 mm (C.mayu.005) C Chilicola vicugna, clypeus bulging ~OD above compound eye in lateral view, scale bar 0.25 mm D Chilicola vicugna, apex of metafemur and base of metatibia yellow as on same parts of midleg, scale bar 0.5 mm. 
Figure 29. Female: A Chilicola travesia, metatibia >0.25× as deep as long, scale bar 0.25 mm B Chilicola travesia, legs with extensive yellow colouration, scale bar 0.5 mm C Chilicola deserticola, metatibia ~4.1× as long as maximum depth, scale bar 0.25 mm D Chilicola deserticola, legs less extensively yellow, scale bar 0.5 mm.
Figure 29. Female: A Chilicola travesia, metatibia >0.25× as deep as long, scale bar 0.25 mm B Chilicola travesia, legs with extensive yellow colouration, scale bar 0.5 mm C Chilicola deserticola, metatibia ~4.1× as long as maximum depth, scale bar 0.25 mm D Chilicola deserticola, legs less extensively yellow, scale bar 0.5 mm. 
Figure 30. Female: A Chilicola travesia, metatibia yellow in basal half and apical third B Chilicola travesia, probasitarsus entirely yellow as indicated by arrow C Chilicola erithropoda, metatibia yellow in basal third and with narrow yellow apical ring D Chilicola erithropoda, probasitarsus with only basal and apical quarters yellow, midlength brown as indicated by arrow; scale bars 0.25 mm.
Figure 30. Female: A Chilicola travesia, metatibia yellow in basal half and apical third B Chilicola travesia, probasitarsus entirely yellow as indicated by arrow C Chilicola erithropoda, metatibia yellow in basal third and with narrow yellow apical ring D Chilicola erithropoda, probasitarsus with only basal and apical quarters yellow, midlength brown as indicated by arrow; scale bars 0.25 mm. 
Figure 31. Female: A Chilicola mantagua, metapostnotum with sparse, irregular longitudinal carinae, scale bar 0.15 mm B Chilicola mantagua, protibia dorsal surface darkened to yellow-brown apically, scale bar 0.25 mm C Chilicola mantagua, meso- and metabasitarsi almost entirely dark, mesodistitarsus brown apically, apex of metatibia black-brown, scale bar 0.5 mm D Chilicola deserticola, metapostnotum rugose, scale bar 0.15 mm E Chilicola deserticola, protibia dorsal surface yellow along entire length, scale bar 0.25 mm F Chilicola deserticola, meso- and metabasitarsi yellow-brown ventrally, mesodistitarsus yellow-brown apically, metatibia with posterior apical rim yellow-brown, scale bar 0.5 mm.
Figure 31. Female: A Chilicola mantagua, metapostnotum with sparse, irregular longitudinal carinae, scale bar 0.15 mm B Chilicola mantagua, protibia dorsal surface darkened to yellow-brown apically, scale bar 0.25 mm C Chilicola mantagua, meso- and metabasitarsi almost entirely dark, mesodistitarsus brown apically, apex of metatibia black-brown, scale bar 0.5 mm D Chilicola deserticola, metapostnotum rugose, scale bar 0.15 mm E Chilicola deserticola, protibia dorsal surface yellow along entire length, scale bar 0.25 mm F Chilicola deserticola, meso- and metabasitarsi yellow-brown ventrally, mesodistitarsus yellow-brown apically, metatibia with posterior apical rim yellow-brown, scale bar 0.5 mm. 

Other References

  1. Jump up ↑ Michener C (1992) Mexican and Central American species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Folia Entomológica Mexicana 85: 77–92.
  2. Jump up ↑ Michener C (1995) A classification of the bees of the subfamily Xeromelissinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 68: 332–345.
  3. Jump up ↑ Michener C (2002) The Bee Genus Chilicola in the Tropical Andes, with Observations on Nesting Biology and a Phylogenetic Analysis of the Subgenera (Hymenoptera: Colletidae, Xeromelissinae). Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, The University of Kansas 26: 1–47. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.8449
  4. Jump up ↑ Michener C (2007) The Bees of the World, Second ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  5. Jump up ↑ Packer L (2008) Phylogeny and classification of the Xeromelissinae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae) with special emphasis on the genus Chilicola. Systematic Entomology 33: 72–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00398.x
  6. Jump up ↑ Almeida E, Packer L, Danforth B (2008) Phylogeny of the Xeromelissinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) Based upon Morphology and Molecules. Apidologie 39: 75–85. doi: 10.1051/apido:2007063
  7. Jump up ↑ Moure J, Urban D, Melo G (2012) Catalogue of Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region – online version. http://www.moure.cria.org.br/catalogue [Viewed 2015]
  8. Jump up ↑ Monckton S (2014) Case 3670: Chilicola vicugna Toro & Moldenke, 1979 (Insecta, Hymenoptera, COLLETIDAE): proposed replacement of the holotype by a neotype. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 71: 234–236.
  9. Jump up ↑ Ascher J, Pickering J (2015) Discover Life Bee Species Guide and World Checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species [Viewed 2015]
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