Calyptrophora
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Ordo: Alcyonacea
Familia: Primnoidae
Name
Calyptrophora Gray, 1866 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Calyptrophora Gray 1866[1]: 25; Bayer 2001[2]:267–368; Cairns 2007b[3]: 512 (listed); Cairns and Bayer 2009[4], 44–45; Cairns 2009[5]: 420–426 (key to species); Cairns 2012[6]: 42–43 (key to New Zealand species).
Type species
Calyptrophora japonica Gray, 1866, by monotypy.
Diagnosis
Colonies uniplanar to slightly bushy (lyrate, dichotomous, polychotomous, biplanar) or unbranched. Polyps arranged in whorls, the polyps facing either upward or downward. Polyps consist of two annular sclerite rings, each composed of two inseparably fused scales; a pair of crescent-shaped infrabasals also present. Articular ridge present between basal and buccal body wall scale. Distal margins of body wall scales often spinose, toothed, or lobate. Operculum composed of eight scales; keels usually present on inner face of opercular scales. Coenenchymal scales elongate and flat, sometimes quite thick (as plates). Small curved tentacular platelets often present.
Distribution
Tropical and temperate latitudes of Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, 227–3531 m deep.
Remarks
Including the new species described herein, the genus contains 23 species, making it the fifth most species-rich genus within the primnoids. Bayer (2001)[2] divided the genus into two species complexes, one having their polyps directed upward, the other having their polyps directed downward. Although helpful in grouping and identifying species, these two species groups do not seem to have phylogenetic validity (Cairns 2009[5], Cairns and Wirshing in review[7]).
Taxon Treatment
- Cairns, S; 2018: Deep-Water Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Galápagos and Cocos Islands. Part 1: Suborder Calcaxonia ZooKeys, (729): 1-46. doi
Other References
- ↑ Gray J (1866) Description of two new forms of gorgonioid corals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1866: 24–27.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bayer F (2001) New species of Calyptrophora (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Primnoidae) from the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 114(2): 367–380.
- ↑ Cairns S (2007b) Calcaxonian Octocorals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the Eastern Pacific seamounts. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 58(25): 511–541.
- ↑ Cairns S, Bayer F (2009) A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 629: 1–79. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cairns S (2009) Review of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Hawai’i and adjacent seamounts. Part 2. Genera Paracalyptrophora Kinoshita, 1908; Candidella Bayer, 1954; and Calyptrophora Gray, 1866. Pacific Science 63(3): 413–448. https://doi.org/10.2984/049.063.0309
- ↑ Cairns S (2012) New Zealand Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) Part 1. Genera Narella, Narelloides, Metanarella, Calyptrophora, and Helicoprimnoa. NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs 126: 1–71.
- ↑ Cairns S, Wirshing H (in review) A phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Calcaxonia), with a key to the genera and subgenera.
