Bombus terrestris
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Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Apidae
Genus: Bombus
Name
Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Description
Large black bee (wing length 18 mm, total length 20–22 mm in queens; wing length 13 mm, total length 11–17 mm in workers; wing length 14 mm, total length 11–17 mm in males) with one strong brownish-yellow band on the thorax close to the head, a second one in the middle of the abdomen (tergite 2), and bright white tip of the abdomen (Fig. 3b, d, f).
Distinguishing features
In contrast to Bombus ruderatus, only one yellowish band on the thorax, which is deeper in colour than in the previous species.
General distribution
North Africa, Eurasia (Portugal to Norway in the North and Japan in the East), populations on the Canaries and Madeira have been described as distinct species but at least for Madeira, this is not supported (Widmer et al. 1998[1], Williams et al. 2012[2]); introduced and invasive in parts of Asia, New Zealand, Tasmania, and South America.
Distribution in the Azores
All islands.
First record
Williams et al. 2012[2] (no island specified).
Nesting
Colonies of several 100 workers in existing holes in the ground.
Social behaviour
Primitively eusocial.
Foraging
Polylectic, visits a wide range of species, including endemics like Azorina vidalii (Campanulaceae, Fig. 3d), and invasive exotics like Hedychium gardnerianum (Zingiberaceae) and Leycesteria formosa (Caprifoliaceae).
Phenology
All year (queens flying December/January to March).
Material
Graciosa, 1 worker; Flores (Santa Cruz and Lajes das Flores, from Japanese beetle trap), July 2016, 9 queens, 9 workers, all leg. H. Schaefer, coll. TUM (specimens B2, B47, B65-B67, B73-B87).
COI sequences of specimens H. Schaefer B65-B67 (TUM), acc. no. KX824773-75, are identical to a Bombus terrestris sequence from Denmark and a Bombus maderensis sequence from Madeira in GenBank but differ slightly from Bombus canariensis JQ769067 (see Fig. 2).
Taxon Treatment
- Weissmann, J; Picanço, A; Borges, P; Schaefer, H; 2017: Bees of the Azores: an annotated checklist (Apidae, Hymenoptera) ZooKeys, (642): 63-95. doi
Images
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Other References
- ↑ Widmer A, Schmid-Hempel P, Estoup A, Scholl A (1998) Population genetic structure and colonization history of Bombus terrestris s.l. (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Canary Islands and Madeira. Heredity 81: 563–572. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00407.x
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Williams P, Brown M, Carolan J, An J, Goulson D, Aytekin A, Best L, Byvaltsev A, Cederberg B, Dawson R, Huang J, Ito M, Monfared A, Raina R, Schmid-Hempel P, Sheffield C, Šima P, Xie Z (2012) Unveiling cryptic species of the bumblebee subgenus Bombus s. str. worldwide with COI barcodes (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Systematics and Biodiversity iFirst, 1–36.
