Allotrichoma bezzii
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Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Ephydridae
Genus: Allotrichoma
Name
Allotrichoma bezzii Becker – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Allotrichoma bezzii Becker 1896[1]: 123 [Italy]; 1905[2]: 189 [Palearctic catalog]. Zatwarnicki 1991[3]: 298–301 [lectotype designation; illustration of male terminalia]. Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995[4]: 150 [world catalog]. Krivosheina and Zatwarnicki 1997[5]: 295–297 [revision].
- Allotrichoma laterale of authors, not Loew 1860[6] [misidentification in part]. Becker 1896[1]: 121 [generic combination]. Williston 1897[7]: 4 [compared with Allotrichoma abdominale Williston]. Cresson 1942[8]: 108 [list, west coast of United States]. Wirth and Stone 1956[9]: 467 [key]. Wirth 1965[10]: 736 [Nearctic catalog, in part]. Cole 1969[11]: 397 [list]. Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995[4]: 151–152 [world catalog, in part].
Description
This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small to moderately small shore flies, body length 1.35–2.30 mm (Fig. 1). Head: Medial facial carina above facial prominence shallow; labella broad, fleshy, shorter than mediproboscis; clypeus microtomentose, usually gray.
Thorax: Presutural supra-alar seta present. Wing with costal vein ratio 0.27–0.33; M vein ratio 0.38–0.44.
Abdomen: Male 5th sternal flap in lateral view (Fig. 4) shallow but long, bearing numerous, tuberculate setae; 5th medial process (Fig. 4) elongate, shallowly curved, bearing 4–5 setulae apically. Male terminalia (Figs 3, 5–7): Epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 3) like an inverted, laterally rounded, almost oval U; epandrium in lateral view (Fig. 5) relatively narrow dorsally, becoming wider ventrally; cercus in lateral view (Fig. 5) essentially straight, widest dorsally, then narrowed but gradually becoming wider ventrally, ventral apex narrowly spatulate, long and apically curved setulae especially evident on ventral 1/4; cercus in posterior view (Fig. 3) as a elongate, pendulous, ventrally projected process, gradually becoming wider ventrally, apex irregularly spatulate (slightly curved laterally), bearing numerous, very long setulae along length and especially long at apical 1/4; surstyli (ventral extensions of epandrium) in posterior view as parallel, narrow processes that bear setulae on apical portion, apical portion very slightly broadened and turned laterally; surstylus in lateral view narrow, elongate, gently curved, apical portion not expanded, bearing setulae apically; aedeagus in ventral view (Fig. 6) elongate, narrowly ovate, slightly tapered apically, in lateral view (Fig. 7) elongate, shallowly and narrowly lunate; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 6) narrowly triangular, keel shorter than length, almost digitiform; gonite in ventral view (Fig. 7) somewhat bar-like, lateral margin shallowly curved, especially basally and apically, with short, subapical process, apex of process bearing a setula, with a subapical, distinct, angulate notch and bearing a subapical setula; gonite in lateral view (Fig. 7) wide basally, gently curved and tapered toward apex, with a subapical, short process that bears a setula and an apical setula.
Type material
Although Zatwarnicki (1991[3]: 298) designated a lectotype for this species, that designation is invalid, not being based on a syntype. According to Becker’s diary (ZMHU), the specimen selected as the lectotype was collected in 1897, a year after publication of this species (1896), and therefore, it could not be a syntype. We and others (Maurizio Pavesi, MSNM) have searched for the type series of this species in Becker and Bezzi’s collections without success. Thus to stabilize the nomenclature of this species, we have determined that a neotype should be designated and have selected the so-called lectotype as the neotype. The neotype is labeled “[Sweden.] Edefors 1/7. 43265 [handwritten]/Allotrichoma bezzii Beck. ♂ det. Papp L[ászló]/NEOTYPE ♂ Allotrichoma bezzii Becker by Mathis & Zatwarnicki, ZMHU [red].” The neotype is double mounted, is in generally good condition (abdomen removed and dissected; structures in an attached microvial), and is deposited in the ZMHU.
Type locality
Sweden. Norrbotten: Edefors (66°13'N, 20°54'E).
Other specimens examined from the New World
CANADA. Saskatchewan. Waskesiu Lake (53°55'N, 106°05'W), Aug 1947, R. Coleman (1♂; USNM).
MEXICO. Baja California: Sierra San Pedro Martir (31°02.7'N, 115°28'W), 15 Jun 1953, P. H. Arnaud, Jr. (3♂; CAS). Jalisco: Jalisco (2.8 mi E; Lagos de Moreno; 21°12.6'N, 101°33'W), 27 Jul 1962, N. Marston (1♂; USNM).
UNITED STATES. ALASKA. Mirror Lake (61°25.7'N, 149°24.9'W), 29 Jun 2006, D. and W. N. Mathis (5♂, 4♀; USNM). Kenai Peninsula: Arc Lake (3.2 km W Soldotna; 60°27'N, 151°06.3'W), 5 Jul 2006, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 7♀; USNM); Kenai Lake (60°20.5'N, 149°22.2'W; Primrose Campground), 31 Jul 2002, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂, 3♀; USNM); Skilak Lake (60°26.3'N, 150°19.4'W), 3 Aug 2002, D. and W. N. Mathis (8♂, 13♀; USNM); Soldotna (6.5 km E; 60°30.5'N, 150°55.6'W), 1 Aug 2003, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 2♀; USNM). Matanuska-Susitna: Talkeetna (62°18.9'N, 150°06.3'W), 4 Aug 2003, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂, 2♀; USNM); Willow Creek (61°46.1'N, 150°04.2'W; 50 m), 10–26 Jul 2006, 2011, D. and W. N. Mathis (7♂, 8♀; USNM).
ARIZONA. Coconino: Globe (33°23.6'N, 110°47.2'W), 13 Apr 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂; USNM). Cochise: Southwestern Research Station (8 km W Portal; 31°52.9'N, 109°12.2'W), P. H. Arnaud (1♂; CAS). Maricopa: Gila Bend (47 km E; 32°57'N, 112°13'W), 15 Aug 1964, E. I. Schlinger (1♂; UCR); Tempe (33°24.9'N, 111°54.6'W), 11 May 1942, A. L. Melander (1♂; USNM). Navajo: Kayenta (36°44.4'N, 110°14.4'W), 14 Apr 2003, W. N. Mathis, T. Zatwarnicki (1♂; USNM). Santa Cruz: Nogales (31°20.4'N, 110°56.1'W), 28 Jun 1953, W. W. Wirth (1♂; USNM). Yuma: Yuma (32°43.5'N, 114°37.5'W), Oct 1953 (2♂, 2♀; USNM).
CALIFORNIA. Kern: Rosamond (34°51.8'N, 118°9.7'W), 17 Oct 1956, A. H. Sturtevant (5♂; USNM). Lake: Clear Lake (39°03.7'N, 122°49.6'W), 18 Jun 1935, A. L. Melander (1♂; ANSP). Los Angeles: San Gabriel Mountains, King Creek (34°17.3'N, 117°38.8'W), A. L. Melander (1♂; USNM). Orange: Irvine lake (33°47.1'N, 117°43.5'W), 11 Sep 1963, M. E. Irwin (1♂; UCR). Riverside: Deep Creek (34°17.2'N, 117°7.6'W), 25 Oct 1953, A. L. Melander (1♂; USNM); Magnesium Spring Canyon (near Indio; 33°43.2'N, 116°13'W), 5 Apr 1945, A. L. Melander (1♂; USNM). San Bernardino: Jenks Lake (34°09.9'N, 116°52.9'W), 16 Jul-18 Aug 1950, 1958, A. L. Melander (4♂, 2♀; USNM); Lake Gregory (34°14.8'N, 117°16.1'W), 6 Jul 1965, R. E. Orth (1♂; UCR); Mountain Home Canyon (34°06'N, 117°0.1'W), 4 Sep-8 Oct 1952, 1955, 1956, A. L. Melander (1♂, 4♀; USNM); South Fork, Santa Ana River (34°10'N, 116°48.8'W), 29 Jul 1942, A. L. Melander (1♂; USNM); Twenty-nine Palms (34°08.1'N, 116°03.3'W), 6 Oct 1949, A. L. Melander (1♂; USNM). San Diego: El Cajon (32°47.6'N, 116°57.7'W), 9 Aug 1944, A. L Melander (1♂; USNM).
COLORADO. Archuleta: Pagosa Springs (37°15.8'N, 107°00.7'W), 27 May 1969, W. W. Wirth (1♂; USNM). Boulder: Boulder (11 km N, 40°11.6'N, 105°14.7'W; 1525 m), 6 Jul 1986, R. Danielsson (1♂; ZIL). Custer: Wetmore (16 km SW; 38°14'N, 105°06'W), 8 Aug 1973, G. S. and S. Hevel (1♂; USNM). Dolores: Cahone (9 km N, Dolores River; 37°38.9'N, 108°44.1'W; 1955 m), 3 Aug 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂, 1♀; USNM). Gunnison: Crested Butte (38°52.8'N, 106°59.4'W; 2682 m), 8 Jul-5 Aug 1957, A. H. Sturtevant (3♂; USNM); Gothic (38°57.5'N, 106°59.4'W; 2895 m), 20-28 Jul 1957, A. H. Sturtevant (3♂; USNM); Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (38°57.5'N, 106°59.4'W; 2895 m), 26 Aug 1961, D. L. Deonier (1♂; USNM).
IDAHO. Cassia: Black Pine Mountains (42°09.3'N, 112°58.3'W), 29 Sep 1969, G. F. Knowlton (1♂; USU). Oneida: Curlew National Grassland (42°12.5'N, 112°45'W), 29 Jul 1969, G. F. Knowlton (1♂, 2♀; USU).
MINNESOTA. Lake: Basswood Lake (48°04.5'N, 91°34.5'W), 12 Jul-16 Aug 1950, E. F. Cook, J. W. Barnes (2♂, 1♀; USNM).
MONTANA. Lake: Swan Lake (4.8 km S; 47°55.7'N, 113°50.7'W), 10 Aug 1968, B. A. Foote (1♂; USNM).
NEVADA. Lincoln: Alamo (6.5 km S; 37°19'N, 115°10'W), 17 May 2004, D. Mathis (2♂, 1♀; USNM). Nye: Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge (36°26.7'N, 116°21'W), 12 May 2001, D. Mathis (6♂, 4♀; USNM). Washoe: Galena Creek (39°21.3'N, 119°46.1'W), 18 Jul 1961, F. D. Parker (1♂; USNM).
NEW MEXICO. Catron: Gila River (33°13.6'N, 106°15.1'W; 1750 m, near Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument), 15 Aug 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂; USNM). Chaves: Roswell (9 km E; Pecos River; 33°23.8'N, 104°24'W; 1060 m), 10 Aug 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Dona Ana: Las Cruces (32°18.7'N, 106°46.7'W), 17 Jun 1950, L. D. Beamer (1♂; USNM). Grant: Bill Evans Lake (32°52.1'N, 108°34.5'W; 1416 m), 14 Aug 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Mimbres River (NM Highways 61 and Royal John Mine Road; 32°43.8'N, 107°52'W; 1665 m), 13-22 Aug 2007, 2009, D. and W. N. Mathis, T. Zatwarnicki (3♂; USNM). Sandoval: La Cueva (Junction of Highways 126 and 4; 35°52'N, 106°38.4'W; 2342 m), 6 Aug 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (11♂; USNM); Las Conchas (fishing access and picnic area, 17 km N La Cueva; 35°48.9'N, 106°31.5'w; 2550 m), 7 Aug 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Valles Caldera National Preserve (E Fork Jemez River; 35°51'N, 106°29.5'W; 2580 m), 6 Aug 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Valles Caldera National Preserve, Alamo Canyon (middle pond; 35°54.9'N, 106°35'W; 2645 m), 4 Aug 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂; USNM). San Miguel: Las Vegas (35°35.6'N, 105°13.4'W), 26 Jun 1973, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Valencia: Los Lunas (34°48.4'N, 106°44'W), 17-22 Jun 1963, J. G. Watts (2♂, 3♀; USNM); Rio Puerco (34°47.8'N, 106°59.5'W; 1575 m), 9 Aug 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂; USNM).
NORTH DAKOTA. Bowman: Bowman-Haley Dam and Reservoir (45°59.5'N, 103°15.4'W; 840 m), 19 Jun 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).
OREGON. Baker: Goose Creek (35 km E Baker City; 44°49.2'N, 117°27.79'W; 825 m), 7 Jun 2006, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Harney: Pikes Creek (42°34.5'N, 118°31.7'W; 1320 m), 7 Aug 2005, D. and W. N. Mathis (16♂, 6♀; USNM). Jackson: Trail (42°38.9'N, 122°48.7'W), 10 Aug, A. H. Sturtevant (1♂; USNM). Josephine: Grants Pass (42°26.3'N, 123°19.7'W), 4 Aug 1952, H. A. Scullen (1♂; OSU). Linn: Monument Peak (44°41.7'N, 122°19.3'W), 12 Jul 1972, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).
TEXAS. Bexar: Camp Stanley (29°41.7'N, 98°37'W), Oct 1954 (1♂; USNM). Pecos: Bakersfield (30°53.5'N, 102°17.9'W), 19 May 1950, A. H. Sturtevant (1♂; USNM).
UTAH. Cache: Beaver Mountain (41°52.9'N, 111°33.5'W), 13 Jul 1945, G. F. Knowlton (1♂; USNM). Carbon: Deadman Canyon (16 km NE Price; 39°41.7'N, 110°44'W; 2055 m), 14-19 Aug 2008, 2009, D. and W. N. Mathis, T. Zatwarnicki (4♂; USNM). Duchesne: Roosevelt (40°18'N, 109°59.3'W), 29 Jun 1954, G. F. Knowlton (1♂; USNM). Emery: Green River (3.3 km N, 39°01.7'N, 110°09.7'W; 1253 m), 30 Jul 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂; USNM); San Rafael River (22.5 km SW Green River; 38°55.7'N, 110°24.5'W; 1270 m), 31 Jul 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂; USNM). Grand: Crystal Geyser (14.5 km SE Green River; 38°56.3'N, 110°08.1'W), 15 Aug 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂; USNM); Swasey Beach (15.3 km N Green River; 39°07'N, 110°06.6'W; Green River; 1255 m), 29 May-15 Aug 2007, 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (4♂; USNM); Thompson Spring (8.9 km N Thompson Springs; 39°02.3'N, 109°43.4'W; 1740 m), 20 Aug 2009, W. N. Mathis, T. Zatwarnicki (2♂; USNM). Kane: Drip Tank Canyon (37°19.4'N, 111°31.8'W), 15 May 2001, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Millard: Delta (39°21.1'N, 112°34.6'W), 14 Aug 1940, L. J. Lipovsky (1♂, 1♀; USNM); Delta (4.8 km W; 39°19.4'N, 111°34.4'W), 21 Jul 1968, W. N. Mathis (4♂, 11♀; USNM). Piute: Marysvale (38°27'N, 112°13.8'W), 19 Sep 1952, A. H. Sturtevant (1♂; USNM). Salt Lake: Butterfield Canyon (40°29.2'N, 112°08.2'W; 1890 m), 13 Aug 2008, D. and W. N. Mathis (3♂; USNM); Draper (40°31.6'N, 111°55.1'W; Jordan River; 1320 m), 10 May 2007, D. and W. N. Mathis (6♂; USNM). Uintah: Lapoint (40°24.2'N, 109°47.6'W), 29 Jun 1954, G. F. Knowlton (1♂, 4♀; KU); Vernal (40°27.3'N, 109°31.7'W), 17 Jul 1952, G. F. Knowlton (1♂; USNM); Vernal Mountains (40°29.5'N, 109°27'W), 17 Jul 1952, G. E. Bohart, G. F. Knowlton (5♂; USNM). Utah: American Fork Springs (40°22.6'N, 111°47.7'W), 8 May 2001, R. W. Baumann, I. Winkler (3♂, 1♀; BYU); Goshen Springs (39°57.8'N, 111°51.2'W), 16 Apr 2003, T. Zatwarnicki, W. N. Mathis (6♂; USNM).
WASHINGTON. Benton: Plymouth (12 km W; 45°56.1'N, 119°24.6'W), 9 Jul 1978, R. S. Zack (1♂; WSU). Mason: Lilliwaup (47°28'N, 123°07'W), 23 Jul 1917, A. L. Melander (1♂, 2♀; ANSP). Pierce: Sunrise Point, Mount Rainier National Park (1.6 km W; 46°55.2'N, 121°35.2'W), 22 Aug 1973, W. J. Turner (1♂; WSU).
WYOMING. Carbon: Elk Mountain (5 km W; 41°41.1'N, 106°26.4'W), 20 Aug 1982, R. S. Zack (8♂; WSU).
Distribution (Fig. 8). Nearctic: Canada (Saskatchewan), Mexico (Baja California, Jalisco), United States (Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming). Palearctic: Afghanistan, Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Russia (European Territory), Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Yugoslavia.
Remarks. In the Nearctic Region, this species has been found thus far only in the West, including Alaska, and the locality data suggest that the species probably also occurs in the western provinces of Canada.
As noted in the synonymy, many previous records of this species occurring in the New World were cited as Allotrichoma laterale, a common misidentification. In the Palearctic Region, Zatwarnicki (1991)[3] and Mathis and Zatwarnicki (1995)[4] listed two European species as being conspecific with Allotrichoma bezzii: Allotrichoma lena Dahl (1973[12]: 354: Afghanistan. Herat: Bala Murghab (470 m); HT ♂) and Allotrichoma pedemontanum Canzoneri and Meneghini (1979[13]: 629: Italy. fiume Po a Torino; HT ♂). We confirm their conspecificity here and thus, that these names are synonyms.
Taxon Treatment
- Mathis, W; Zatwarnicki, T; 2012: Revision of New World Species of the Shore-fly Subgenus Allotrichoma Becker of the Genus Allotrichoma with Description of the Subgenus Neotrichoma (Diptera, Ephydridae, Hecamedini) ZooKeys, 161: 1-101. doi
Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Becker T (1896) Dipterologische Studien IV. Ephydridae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 41 (2): 91-276.
- ↑ Becker T (1905) Ephydridae. Pp. 185–215. In: Becker T, Bezzi M, Kertész K, Stein P (Eds) Katalog der paläarktischen Dipteren Vol. 4, 328 pp. G. Wesselényi in Hódmezövásárhely, Budapest.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Zatwarnicki T (1991) Changes in nomenclature and synonymies of some genera and species of Ephydridae (Diptera). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 38(4–5): 295-333. doi: 10.1002/mmnd.19910380403
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mathis W, Zatwarnicki T (1995). A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 4: vi+423 pp.
- ↑ Krivosheina M, Zatwarnicki T (1997) Some notes on the Old World Allotrichoma (Diptera: Ephydridae) with description of three new species. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 66: 291-310.
- ↑ Loew H (1860) Neue Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Dipteren. Siebenter Beitrag. Die Europaeischen Ephydrinidae und die bisher in Schlesien beobachteten Arten derselben. Programm der Königlichen Realschule zu Meseritz 1860, 46 pp.
- ↑ Williston S (1897) Diptera Brasiliana. Part IV. Kansas University Quarterly series A, 6: 1-12.
- ↑ Cresson E (1942) Synopses of North American Ephydridae (Diptera) I. The subfamily Psilopinae, with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 68: 101-128.
- ↑ Wirth W, Stone A (1956) Chapter 14. Aquatic Diptera. Pp. 372–482. In: Usinger RL (Ed) Aquatic insects of California. 508+x pp. University of California Press, Berkeley.
- ↑ Wirth W (1965) Ephydridae. Pp. 734–759. In: Stone A, et al. (Eds) A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. Handbook, 276: 1696 pp. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
- ↑ Cole F, Schlinger E (1969) The flies of western North America. 693+xi pp. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London.
- ↑ Dahl R (1973) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fauna Afghanistans. Ephydridae, Diptera. Acta Musei Moraviae 56–57: 347–360.
- ↑ Canzoneri S, Meneghini D (1979) Gli Ephydridae della collezione della Beffa (Diptera, Brachycera). Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona 6: 628–630, 1 fig.
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