Allotrichoma
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Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Ephydridae
Name
Allotrichoma Becker – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Allotrichoma Becker 1896[1]: 121 [type species: Hecamede lateralis Loew, by original designation]; 1926: 19 [revision, Palearctic species]. Aldrich 1905[2]: 624 [Nearctic catalog]. Jones 1906[3]: 181 [catalog]. Williston 1908[4]: 307 [generic key]. Hendel 1930[5]: 135–136 [comparison with Discocerina and Hecamede]; 1936: 102, 104 [comparison with Discocerina]. Cresson 1942[6]: 108–109 [review of Nearctic fauna]. Wirth and Stone 1956[7]: 467 [species, California]. Wirth 1965[8]: 736 [Nearctic catalog]; 1968: 5 [Neotropical catalog]. Cole 1969[9]: 397 [discussion, species of western United States]. Mathis 1986a[10]: 129–130 [description]; 1991[11]: 6 [description and discussion]. Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995[12]: 149–156 [world catalog].
Diagnosis
Allotrichoma is distinguished from other genera of the tribe Hecamedini by the following combination of characters: small to moderately small shore flies, body length 1.15–2.95 mm.
Head: Wider than high in anterior view; frons wider than high, entirely and mostly densely microtomentose, with vestiture of mesofrons undifferentiated except by color; ocellar setae lacking; 1 well-developed pair of intrafrontal setae inserted in front of anterior ocellus; a reclinate fronto-orbital seta and a proclinate fronto-orbital seta present, reclinate seta inserted slightly anteromediad of proclinate seta; pseudopostocellar setae present, usually well developed; both inner and outer vertical setae present; ocelli in isosceles triangle, with distance between posterior pair slightly larger than between anterior ocellus and either posterior ocellus. Antenna exerted; aristal length subequal to antennal length and bearing 4–6 dorsal rays, with basal 3–4 rays longer than apical 1–2, subequal. Eye apparently bare of microsetulae (using stereomicroscope). Face with dorsal ½-3/4 carinate between antennae; ventral margins curved inward laterally making oral margin narrow, width subequal to narrowest distance between eyes, anterior margin shallowly emarginate; bearing 2 facial setae, the dorsal one very slightly larger, both inserted near parafacials; labella broad, fleshy, shorter than mediproboscis.
Thorax: Dorsal portion of anepisternum darker colored than medial portion, frequently concolorous with dorsal coloration of scutum, these areas separated by lighter colored band through postpronotal and notopleural areas; chaetotaxy conspicuous, setae dark colored, arranged in well-defined setal tracks as follows: acrostichal setulae in 4 rows, 2 medial rows better developed, 2 lateral rows attenuated anteriorly; dorsocentral track terminated posteriorly with larger seta; intra-alar setulae irregularly seriated; 1 postpronotal seta; 1 postalar seta; 2 scutellar setae and with sparse, scattered setulae on scutellar disc; 2 notopleural setae, insertion of posterior one elevated dorsally above anterior one; 2 anepisternal setae along posterior margin. Wing with vein R2+3 extended beyond level of crossvein dm-cu, 2nd costal section at least 1.5X longer than 3rd section.
Abdomen: Fifth tergite of male not visible from a dorsal view, telescoped within 4th.
Natural History
Adults generally feed on nectar from different flowering-plant species and oviposit upon various kinds of decomposing organisms and excrement (Deonier, in litt.).
Discussion
The precedent of an enlarged concept of Allotrichoma, including Pseudohecamede Hendel as a subgenus (Mathis 1986a[10], 1988[13], 1991[11], 1993[14]), is adhered to here.
For purposes of agreement between species-group names and genus-group names, the generic name Allotrichoma is neuter, not feminine.
The following is a key to the subgenera presently included in the genus.
Key to Subgenera of Allotrichoma
Taxon Treatment
- Mathis, W; Zatwarnicki, T; 2012: Revision of New World Species of the Shore-fly Subgenus Allotrichoma Becker of the Genus Allotrichoma with Description of the Subgenus Neotrichoma (Diptera, Ephydridae, Hecamedini) ZooKeys, 161: 1-101. doi
Other References
- ↑ Becker T (1896) Dipterologische Studien IV. Ephydridae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 41 (2): 91-276.
- ↑ Aldrich J (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 46 (1444): 1-680.
- ↑ Jones B (1906) Catalogue of the Ephydridae, with bibliography and description of new species. University of California Publications in Entomology 1 (2): 153-198.
- ↑ Williston S (1908) Manual of North American Diptera. 3rd Edition, 405 pp. New Haven, Connecticut.
- ↑ Hendel F (1930) Die Ausbeute der deutschen Chaco-Expedition 1925/26. Diptera. XIX. Ephydridae. Konowia 9 (2): 127-155.
- ↑ Cresson E (1942) Synopses of North American Ephydridae (Diptera) I. The subfamily Psilopinae, with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 68: 101-128.
- ↑ Wirth W, Stone A (1956) Chapter 14. Aquatic Diptera. Pp. 372–482. In: Usinger RL (Ed) Aquatic insects of California. 508+x pp. University of California Press, Berkeley.
- ↑ Wirth W (1965) Ephydridae. Pp. 734–759. In: Stone A, et al. (Eds) A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. Handbook, 276: 1696 pp. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
- ↑ Cole F, Schlinger E (1969) The flies of western North America. 693+xi pp. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Mathis W (1986a) A revision of the subgenus Eremotrichoma Soika of the shore fly genus Allotrichoma Becker (Diptera, Ephydridae). Israel Journal of Entomology 19: 127-139.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Mathis W (1991) Studies of Gymnomyzinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), II: A revision of the shore-fly subgenus Pseudohecamede Hendel of the genus Allotrichoma Becker. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 522: 28+iii pp.
- ↑ Mathis W, Zatwarnicki T (1995). A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 4: vi+423 pp.
- ↑ Mathis W (1988) First record of the shore-fly genus Placopsidella Kertész from North America (Diptera: Ephydridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 90 (3): 334-337.
- ↑ Mathis W (1993) Studies of Gymnomyzinae (Diptera: Ephydridae), IV: A revision of the shore-fly genus Hecamede Haliday. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 541: 46+iii pp.
