Allocota
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Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Carabidae
Name
Allocota Motschulsky, 1859 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Allocota Motschulsky 1859[1]: 29; Chaudoir 1877[2]: 203; Jedlička 1963[3]: 304 (in part); Kirschenhofer 1996[4]: 763 (in part).
- Taicona Bates 1873[5]: 314; Jedlička 1963[3]: 448; Habu 1967[6]: 140. Syn. n. [Synonym]
Type-species:
Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, 1859, by monotypy.
Diagnosis
Dorsal side glabrous; mandibles strongly widened; posterior supraorbital setae near eyes, insertions not tumid; pronotum narrow, ratio PW/PL less than 1.4; lateral setae of pronotum absent; elytral 3rd and 5th intervals with four or more setigerous pores, subequally placed; 7th intervals sometimes with setigerous pores; protibiae with cleaning spur reduced or absent; males with two pairs of setigerous pores on terminal sternum.
This genus is closest to Physodera; their differences are presented in the diagnosis of Physodera. In general appearance, Allocota is similar to Diamella, but can be distinguished from the latter by the glabrous surface and vertex not tumid.
Generic characters
Body length 6.0 to 8.7 mm, slender, pronotum narrow. Elytra strongly metallic, sometimes disc more or less reddish. Head and pronotum glabrous, elytra glabrous except primary setigerous pores; elytra usually with faint isodiametric microsculpture. Head glabrous; eyes hemispherical, strongly prominent; tempora slightly longer than half length of eyes, gradually narrowed behind eyes, not expanded; vertex not tumid. Antennae extended to about elytral basal one-third; 1st antennomere gradually narrowed to base, 3rd longer than 4th. Labrum smooth, without secondary setae, slightly widened to apex, apical margin more or less emarginate; mandibles strongly widened, outer margin rounded (Fig. 150), surface glabrous; terminal maxillary palpomeres fusiform in both sexes; terminal labial palpomeres more or less widened in males, fusiform, truncate or slightly securiform; less widened in females; ligular apex truncate, with four long setae; paraglossae membranous, as long as ligula, adnate; mentum tooth simple, apex rounded or sharp, with two setae near base; submentum with two long setae; genae glabrous beneath eyes. Pronotum slightly wider than long, nearly as wide as head; disc glabrous, front angles with a few setae, lateral margins glabrous; mid-lateral setae absent; pronotal base briefly but distinctly lobed; lateral margins slightly expanded in middle; hind angles more or less distinct; basal foveae shallow. Elytra narrow, slightly convex, slightly widened to apex; apex truncate or slightly curved, sutural angles not projected, outer angles rounded; disc without distinct depression; intervals flat, without additional pubescence; basal margination only reaching 3rd interval; basal pores present; 3rd and 5th intervals with four or more setigerous pores, sometimes 7th interval also with setigerous pores; 7th and 8th intervals strongly tumid near apex. Ventral side nearly glabrous; males with terminal sternum moderately emarginate apically, with two pairs of setae (Fig. 145); females with terminal sternum straight or slightly curved apically, with two pairs of setae, rarely one additional setae present on one side (the right side in Fig. 146). Legs short; protibiae with cleaning spur absent (Fig. 140), or very fine and short (Fig. 141), distant from inner margin; tarsi widened; 4th tarsomere bifid, claws pectinate; males with adhesive hairs on first three protarsomeres well developed (two whole rows), those on first three mesotarsomeres rudimentary (two rows, weakly present near apex) or well developed (two whole rows) on some mesotarsomeres. Male genitalia with median lobe of aedeagus not twisted, slightly bent to right side in dorsal view; apical orifice opened apically; apical lamella short; dorsal surface with some fine setae subapically; internal sac with main flagellum moderately thick, apex not reaching apical orifice, trumpet-form expansion small; apical bursa absent; secondary flagellum distinct. Female genitalia. Spermatheca tubular, with more or less ring-sculpture, inserted at the joining of the bursa copulatrix and common oviduct; spermathecal gland with basal part very fine, inserted at middle of spermatheca; spermatheca not distinctly bent. Apical segment of ovipositor very short and wide, apex rounded, with membranous extension slightly widened.
Distribution
(Map 6). East Asia and Southeast Asia: Japan, China, Indo-China Peninsula, Malay Peninsula, Philippine Islands, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi. Not discovered in South Asia or the eastern part of the Malay Archipelago.
Monophyly and relationships
Monophyly of Allocota is suggested by the following apomorphic character states: (1) cleaning spur on protibiae reduced or absent; (2) setigerous pores on 5th interval not restricted to basal half; (3) apical segment of ovipositor only slightly longer than basal width.
Taxonomic comments
We studied the type series and other material of Taicona aurata Bates (type-species of Taicona), and a male of Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky (type-species of Allocota) from Java (type locality) that had been compared with the type by Andrewes. Except for color and body size, the only significant difference between them is that setigerous pores are present on the 7th interval in Allocota. Even the male genitalia show no obvious differences at the species level (see the detailed discussion under Allocota aurata). So it can be inferred that these two species are extremely closely related. As the pore distribution on the 7th interval is not constant even at the species-level (see discussion under Allocota viridipennis), we herein synonymize Taicona Bates with Allocota Motschulsky.
A total of seven species was included in Allocota before the present study, but four of them should be transferred to other genera. In the present paper, we combine species previously included in Taicona with Allocota, propose two new synonyms, and describe a new species. Therefore, in the present concept of Allocota, a total of four species is included. Three of these are very closely allied with each other, and strictly allopatric; while the fourth one, Allocota bicolor sp. n., is quite different from the others and sympatric with Allocota aurata.
Key to species of Allocota Motschulsky
Taxon Treatment
- Shi, H; Zhou, H; Liang, H; 2013: Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), with species revisions of eight genera ZooKeys, 284: 1-129. doi
Other References
- ↑ Motschulsky V (1859) Entomologie Speciale. Insectes des Indes Orientales, et de Contrees Analogues. 2: de serie. Etudes Entomologiques 8: 25-118.
- ↑ Chaudoir B (1877) Genres nouveaux et especes inedites de la famille des Carabiques. Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 52 (1): 188-268.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Jedlička A (1963) Monographie der Truncatipennen aus Ostasien, Lebiinae- Odacanthinae- Braehyninae (Coleptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fuer Tierkunde in Dresden 28: 269-579.
- ↑ Kirschenhofer E (1996) Weitere neue und wenig bekannte Carabidae aus Sued- und Suedostasien (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiinae: Colliurinae, Callistinae, Hexagoninae, Brachininae, Panagaeinae). II. Teil. Linzer Biologische Beiträge 28 (2): 757-799.
- ↑ Bates H (1873) On the Geodephagous Coleoptera of Japan. Fam. Carabidae. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873 (2): 229-322.
- ↑ Habu A (1967) Fauna Japonica, Carabidae Truncatipennes Group (Insecta: Coleoptera). Biogeographical Society of Japan. Japan, 338 pp.
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