Adenocaulon
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Ordo: Asterales
Familia: Asteraceae
Name
Adenocaulon Hook., 1829 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Adenocaulon Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 19. 1829. TYPE: Adenocaulon bicolor Hook.
Etymology
From the Greek aden, gland, and kaulos, stalk, stem, describing the stalked glandular hairs.
Description
Herbs perennial, scapiform with stout rhizomes, stems simple, erect, with stipitate-glandular hairs. Leaves glabrous to subglabrous above, tomentose beneath; basal leaves rosulate to sub-rosulate; petiolate to pseudopetiolate; blades elliptic, ovate, obovate, to deltoid, margin entire to lyrate, pinnately to palmately veined; upper leaves similar to the basal ones but few and reduced. Inflorescence terminal, laxly racemose to corymbose, on long peduncles; heads pedunculate, heterogamous, disciform; receptacle epaleate; involucre uniseriate. Florets dimorphic; marginal florets female, without staminodes, corolla sub-bilabiate (3+1 corolla lips), tubular-funnelform 4- to 5-lobed, rarely bilabiate; central florets male with a rudimentary ovary, corolla tubular-funnelform, deeply 5-lobed; anther apical appendages rounded to acute at the apex, basally constricted and demarcated from the thecae, anthers light colored and basally auriculate with tails very short, smooth; style bilobed, branches dorsally papillose. Achene truncate at the apex, pubescent (glandular multiseriate capitate hairs), dimorphic, marginal achenes conspicuously bigger than the central ones; pappus absent. [modified from Katinas et al. 2008[1]]
Pollen spheroidal, circular in polar view, medium size, P × E = (26–32 × 26–30) µm. Tricolporate, colpi long with thin margin and microgranulate membrane, mesoaperture diffuse. Exine Mutisia type, microechinate, 4–5 µm thick, slightly slender at the poles. Ratio ectosexine/endosexine: 1:1.5; 1:2. Nexine 1.5 µm thick. SEM: tectum punctate. Note: pollen of Adenocaulon bicolor was found to be identical to that of Adenocaulon chilense Less.
Habitat and distribution: Genus of five species with a disjunct distribution in Patagonia, Mesoamerica, northern United States and southern Canada, and temperate southeastern Asia (Fig. 3). Inhabits moist forests in the shade of Pinus spp., Quercus spp. and Nothofagus spp. (Bittmann 1990a[2], b[3], and field observations). Details of the flower morphology, including the differences between the male and female flowers, can be found in Ayers (1900)[4].
Species list:
five species falling into three morphological groups that are biogeographically distinct (according to Blake 1934[5]):
Group A: North America and East Asia
1. Adenocaulon bicolor Hook., Bot. Misc. 1: 19. 1830. (British Colombia to south central California, eastward to Montana and sparingly to Michigan)
Adenocaulon integrifolium Nutt.
2. Adenocaulon himalaicum Edgew., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 64. 1851. Himalayan region and Japan
Adenocaulon adhaerescens Maxim. (described from Japan)
3 Adenocaulon nepalense M. Bittmann, Candollea 45: 403. 1990. Nepal
Group B: Chiapas, Mexico & Guatemala
4. Adenocaulon lyratum S. F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 435 1934.
Group C: South America
5. Adenocaulon chilense Less., Linnaea 6: 107. 1831. (Southern Chile and the Magellan region)
Adenocaulon lechleri Sch. Bip.
Taxon Treatment
- Funk, V; Pasini, E; Bonifacino, J; Katinas, L; 2016: Home at last: the enigmatic genera Eriachaenium and Adenocaulon (Compositae, Mutisioideae, Mutisieae, Adenocaulinae) PhytoKeys, (60): 1-19. doi
Images
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![Figure 5. Adenocaulon (from Katinas 2000[6]). A habit B head C involucral bract D–E marginal florets F central floret G central achene H marginal achene I upper part of style J stamen K achene hair multiseriate, capitate, glandular. (Adenocaulon chilense: A LP s.n. ex LPS 16554; B–D, F Cabrera et al. 23066 LP; G–H Ricardi et al. 1983 LP. Adenocaulon bicolor: E Hedgcock s.n. LP, I–K Morrison 121 LP)](/wiki/File:Phytokeys-60-e6795-g005.jpg)
Other References
- ↑ Katinas L, Pruski J, Sancho G, TellerÍa M (2008) The subfamily Mutisioideae (Asteraceae). Botanical Review 74: 469–716. doi: 10.1007/s12229-008-9016-6
- ↑ Bittmann M (1990a) Die Gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae): I. Morphologie. Candollea 45: 389–420.
- ↑ Bittmann M (1990b) Die Gattung Adenocaulon (Compositae): II. Ökologie, Verbreitung und Systematik. Candollea 45: 493–518.
- ↑ Ayers J (1900) Flower of Adenocaulon bicolor. Botanical Gazette 59: 154–157.
- ↑ Blake S (1934) New Asteraceae from Guatemala collected by A. F. Skutch. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 24: 431–443. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39918852#page/484/mode/1up
- ↑ Katinas L (2000) Implications of morphological phylogenetics for the placement of the genera Adenocaulon and Eriachaenium (Asteraceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 223: 229–250. doi: 10.1007/BF00985282
