Xiphidium

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Pellegrini M, Hickman E, Guttiérrez J, Smith R, Hopper S (2020) Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales). PhytoKeys 169 : 1–59, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2020-12-07, version 187660, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Xiphidium&oldid=187660 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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BibTeX:

@article{Pellegrini2020PhytoKeys169,
author = {Pellegrini, Marco O. O. AND Hickman, Ellen J. AND Guttiérrez, Jorge E. AND Smith, Rhian J. AND Hopper, Stephen D.},
journal = {PhytoKeys},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)},
year = {2020},
volume = {169},
issue = {},
pages = {1--59},
doi = {10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996},
url = {https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=57996},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2020-12-07, version 187660, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Xiphidium&oldid=187660 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

RIS/ Endnote:

TY - JOUR
T1 - Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)
A1 - Pellegrini M
A1 - Hickman E
A1 - Guttiérrez J
A1 - Smith R
A1 - Hopper S
Y1 - 2020
JF - PhytoKeys
JA -
VL - 169
IS -
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996
SP - 1
EP - 59
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2020-12-07, version 187660, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Xiphidium&oldid=187660 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

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| author = Pellegrini M, Hickman E, Guttiérrez J, Smith R, Hopper S
| title = Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)
| journal = PhytoKeys
| year = 2020
| volume = 169
| issue =
| pages = 1--59
| pmid =
| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996
| url = https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=57996
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| accessdate = 2024-12-23

}} Versioned wiki page: 2020-12-07, version 187660, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Xiphidium&oldid=187660 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

See also the citation download page at the journal.


Taxonavigation

Ordo: Commelinales
Familia: Haemodoraceae

Name

Xiphidium Loefl., Iter Hispan.: 179. 1758.Wikispecies linkPensoft Profile

Type species

Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl.

Nomenclatural history

It has been widely accepted that the original place of publication of the generic name Xiphidium is “Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Françoise” by Aublet (1775)[1]. Nonetheless, Aublet never clearly states to be proposing a new genus. This seems to follow his publication’s formatting, where none of the new taxa present any explicit statement indicating that they are newly proposed. At the end of the Latin diagnosis and French comments, Aublet (1775[1]: 35) mentions that his new species differs from the one described by Loefling (1758)[2] due to its “fine stems and leaves furnished with hairs, blue flowers, and oval and acute petals”. This statement makes it clear that Aublet had access to Loefling’s publication (1758) and knew of the description of his new genus Xiphidium. Finally, Dorr and Wiersema (2010)[3] give the final support to our interpretation when they explain that in several instances, Loefling (1758)[2] cited a genus published earlier by Linnaeus or P. Browne, followed by a full stop, (an) alternative generic name(s) and a description. The authors also point out that, on some occasions, this formatting has been misinterpreted as the proposal of species’ names (i.e., binary combinations), which they are not. That was the case of Xiphidium Loefl., which was misinterpreted as representing a new species, Ixia xiphidium Loefl. (e.g., Maas and Maas-van de Kamer 1993[4]), instead of the publication of a new genus. Thus, the genus Xiphidium was originally described by Loefling (1758)[2], without the inclusion of any species. The proposal of Xiphidium by Loefling (1758)[2] is based on the author not agreeing on the inclusion of all elements/species by Linnaeus in his Ixia L. The first species name to be validly published in Xiphidium was only proposed almost 20 years later, by Aublet (1775)[1], as X. caeruleum Aubl. The publication of the generic name Xiphidium by Loefling (1758)[2] makes it clear that the author recognised a sole species for that genus. The practice of not providing a specific epithet when describing monospecific new genera was common practice at the time. A similar situation, with the description of the type genus of HaemodoraceaeHaemodorum (Smith 1798[5]) –, supports this interpretation. When first described, Haemodorum was considered monospecific and, therefore, was not given a specific epithet, according to the standard practice of J.E. Smith (1798)[5]. Only seven years later, another author (Vahl 1805[6]) provided an epithet for Smith’s plant, as H. corymbosum Vahl. Thus, as the first species formally published and associated with Xiphidium, X. caeruleum automatically typifies this generic name.

Comments

Xiphidium has traditionally been considered an ill-circumscribed genus, lacking any obvious synapomorphy (Simpson 1990[7], 1993[8], 1998b[9]). However, with the transfer of X. xanthorrhizon to Cubanicula, Xiphidium s.str. can be easily defined by its introrsely rimose, but functionally poricidal anthers (an adaptation to buzz-pollination; Buchmann 1980[10]), the complete loss of septal nectaries (also an adaptation to buzz-pollination), capsules bright-coloured, indehiscent, lacking thickened septal ridges and somewhat fleshy at maturity (a possible adaptation to endozoochory) and cuboid seeds (Hickman 2019[11]; Pellegrini 2019[12]). All these characters are unique in the family and observed on the two species of Xiphidium accepted by us in the present study. The anther morphology of Xiphidium and its floral biology are reminiscent of some species of Dichorisandra J.C. Mikan (Commelinaceae, Commelinales) that also possess introrsely rimose but functionally poricidal anthers (Pellegrini and Faden 2017[13]). However, studies on the reproductive biology of Xiphidium are non-existent, save that by Buchmann (1980)[10]. Further studies focusing on effective pollination and seed dispersal are necessary. The genus is well-documented as medicine for snakebite (Odonne et al. 2013[14]) and has antimalarial and leishmanicidal properties (Valadeau et al. 2009[15]). Xiphidium caeruleum also shows the most significant genetic divergence levels for any species of Haemodoraceae amongst populations across its wide Neotropical range (Hopper et al., in prep.[16]). A further detailed taxonomic study is recommended, combining extensive fieldwork, molecular data, and traditional taxonomy.

Taxon Treatment

  • Pellegrini, M; Hickman, E; Guttiérrez, J; Smith, R; Hopper, S; 2020: Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales) PhytoKeys, 169: 1-59. doi

Images

Other References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Aublet J (1775) Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Françoise (Vol. 1).Pierre-François Didot, London & Paris, 621 pp.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Loefling P (1758) Iter Hispanicum.Ttryckt på Direct & Lars Salvii Kostnad, Stockholm, 316 pp.
  3. Dorr L, Wiersema J (2010) Names of American vascular plants published in Loefling’s Iter Hispanicum (1758) and its German translation (1766).Taxon59(4): 1245–1262. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.594022
  4. Maas P, Maas-van de Kamer H (1993) Haemodoraceae. Fl.Neotropica61: 1–44.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Smith J (1798) The characters of twenty new genera of plants.Transactions of the Linnean Society of London4(1): 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1798.tb00530.x
  6. Vahl M (1805) Martini Vahlii, profess. botan. Haun. membr. societ. lit. plur. Enumeratio Plantarum: vel ab aliis, vel, ab ipso observatum, cum earum differentiis specificis, synonymis selectis et descriptionibus succinctis (Vol. 2). Typis N.Mölleri et Filli, Aulae Regiae et Universitatis Typographorum. Impensis Viduae, 423 pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/545915
  7. Simpson M (1990) Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae.Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden77(4): 722–784. [pl. XXI–XXIII.] https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670
  8. Simpson M (1993) Septal nectary anatomy and phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae.Systematic Botany18(4): 593–613. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419536
  9. Simpson M (1998b) Haemodoraceae. In: Kubitzki K (Ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants (Vol.4). Springer Verlag, Berlin, 212–128.
  10. 10.0 10.1 Buchmann S (1980) Preliminary anthecological observations on Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl. (Monocotyledoneae: Haemodoraceae).Panama Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society53(4): 685–699.
  11. Hickman E (2019) Discovery through illustration – botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia.
  12. Pellegrini M (2019) Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
  13. Pellegrini M, Faden R (2017) Recircumscription and taxonomic revision of Siderasis, with comments on the systematics of subtribe Dichorisandrinae (Commelinaceae).PhytoKeys83: 1–41. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490
  14. Odonne G, Valadeau C, Alban-Castillo J, Stien D, Sauvain M, Bourdy G (2013) Medical ethnobotany of the Chayahuita of the Paranapura basin (Peruvian Amazon).Journal of Ethnopharmacology146(1): 127–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.014
  15. Valadeau C, Pabon A, Deharo E, Albán-Castillo J, Estevez Y, Lores F, Rojas R, Gamboa D, Sauvain M, Castillo D, Bourdy G (2009) Medicinal plants from the Yanesha (Peru): Evaluation of the leishmanicidal and antimalarial activity of selected extracts.Journal of Ethnopharmacology123(3): 413–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.041
  16. Hopper S, Smith R, Chase M, Fay M, Gutiérrez J, Hickman E, Manning J, Pellegrini M, Rourke J, Simpson M (in prep.) Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia.