View source for Hirtipennia hirtipennis

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{{Treatment start
| Ordo = Diptera
| Familia = Sciaridae
| Genus = Hirtipennia
| Specific name = hirtipennis
| Infraspecific name =
| Taxon rank = species
| Taxon authority = (Zetterstedt, 1838)
| Taxon status =
| Nomenclature citation = {{Nomenclature citation |''Sciara hirtipennis'' {{aut|Zetterstedt, 1838}}<ref name="SC438">{{aut|Zetterstedt, J.W.}} 1838: Sectio Tertia. Diptera. Dipterologis Scandinaviae. ''Insecta Lapponica'' (i-vi). Leopold Voss, Lipsiae. pp. 477–868.</ref>: 826}}
{{Nomenclature citation |''Trichosia hirtipennis'' ({{aut|Zetterstedt, 1838}})<ref name="SC730">{{aut|Mik, J.}} 1889: Dipterologische Miscellen. ''Wiener Entomologische Zeitung'', '''8''', 232–238.</ref>: 232}}
{{Nomenclature citation |''Trichosia (Leptosciarella) hirtipennis'' ({{aut|Zetterstedt, 1838}})<ref name="SC043">{{aut|Tuomikoski, R.}} 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. ''Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae “Vanamo”'', '''21''', 1–164.</ref>: 21}}
{{Nomenclature citation |''Leptosciarella (Hirtipennia) hirtipennis'' ({{aut|Zetterstedt, 1838}})<ref name="SC226">{{aut|Mohrig, W.; Menzel, F.}} 1997: Revision der paläarktischen Arten von ''Trichosia'' Winnertz sensu Tuomikoski, 1960 (Diptera, Sciaridae). – Teil II. Gattungen ''Leptosciarella'' Tuomikoski, 1960 und ''Trichodapus'' gen. nov. ''Studia dipterologica'', '''4'''(1), 41–98.</ref>: 45-47, fig. 2}}
{{Nomenclature citation |''Trichosia absurda'' ({{aut|Winnertz, 1867}})<ref name="SC035">{{aut|Winnertz, J.}} 1867: ''Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen''. W. Braunmüller, Wien. [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14069069#page/7 BHL]</ref>: 174-175}}
{{Nomenclature citation |''Trichosia jugicola'' ({{aut|Strobl, 1898}})<ref name="SC646">{{aut|Strobl, G.}} 1898: Die Dipteren von Steiermark. IV. Theil. Nachträge zum III. Theil. ''Mittheilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines für Steiermark'', '''34'''(1897), 277–297. [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/45394#page/393 BHL]</ref>: 281}}
{{Nomenclature citation |''Trichosia parcepilosa'' var. ''opacicollis'' ({{aut|Strobl, 1902}})<ref name="SC731">{{aut|Strobl, G.}} 1902: Nowi prilosi fauni diptera Balkanskog poluostrwa. ''Glasnika Semalskog Museja u Bosni i Herzegowini'', '''14'''(3-4), 461–517.</ref>: 511}}
{{Nomenclature citation |''Trichosia hirtipennis'' var. ''minor'' ({{aut|Frey, 1948}})<ref name="SC483">{{aut|Frey, R.}} 1948: Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Mückenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropäischen Arten. ''Notulae Entomologicae'', '''27'''(2-4), 33-112.</ref>: 73}}
| Wikispecies page name = Leptosciarella_hirtipennis
| ZooBank ID = urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5712550F-6693-44C6-AD90-11E4EC37DB06
}}

==Type material==
Lecotype ♂, no. 577 in MZLU, 23<sup>th</sup> of July

===Type locality===
Sweden, "ad Björkvik Nordlandiae"

==Material studied==
'''Austria:''' 1 ♂, Reißeck, alpine heather, sweep netting, Heller, 25.07.2010, PKHH 7682;
'''Denmark:''' 1 ♂, Klingbjerg, Alsen, old beech forest at coast, sweep netting, Heller, 22.05.2010, PKHH 7596;
'''Finland:''' 1 ♂, Li, Utsjoki, Tundra, Malaise trap, Fatouros, 3.-10.07.2000, PKHH 3279;
'''Germany:''' 6 ♂, ''Baden-Württemberg'', Belchen, Malaise trap, Doczkal, 28.5.-03.07.2003, PKHH 4816, PDDM 91, PASS 86, ZSMC 2247, 2248; 1 ♂, Sandweier, Niederwald, wood pasture with oaks on sand, Malaise trap, Doczkal, 13.5.-08.06.2006, PKHH 5227; 5 ♂, ''Bavaria'', Bischofsheim (Rhön), beech forest, sweep netting, Heller, 03.06.1994, PKHH 623, 624; 1 ♂, Oberstdorf, Nebelhorn, alpine heather, sweep netting, Heller, 21.08.2001, PKHH 3578; 1 ♂, ''Rhineland-Palatine'', Gönnersdorf, Mäuerchenberg dry grassland, Malaise trap, Cölln, 25.5.-01.06.1991, PKHH 1865; 1 ♂, 1.-08.06.1991, PKHH 1878; 1 ♂, meadow with fruit trees, Malaise trap, Cölln, 7.-14.05.1994, PKHH 1912; 1 ♂, ''Schleswig-Holstein'', Flensburg, Marienhölzung, forest, Malaise trap, Barkemeyer, 7.-14.06.1996, PKHH 2034; 1 ♀, Kiel, Melsdorfer Straße, forest, Malaise trap, Kassebeer, 9.-16.07.1995, PKHH 1113; 1 ♂, Trent near Plön, Trent bog, Malaise trap, Kassebeer, 8.-15.05.1993, PKHH 629; 2 ♂, ''Thuringia'', Friedrichroda, beech forest, sweep netting, Heller, 21.06.1996, PKHH 1520;
'''Sweden:''' 1 ♂, ''Lycksele lappmark'', Laxnäs, Janzon, 8.-09.07.1992, NHRS 794; 5 ♂, 9.-10.07.1992, NHRS 795, 796, 807, 825, 827; 4 ♂, 11.-12.07.1992, NHRS 793, 809, 811, 828; 1 ♂, 13.-14.07.1992, NHRS 853; 1 ♂, ''Västerbotten'', Skellefteå, Brännbergets naturreservat, mixed boreal forest, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap, 21.7.-12.08.2004, PKHH 7289;
'''Turkey:''' 1 ♂, Saricaova Köyü, Aydin, sweep netting, Koc & Karaman & Ozgü, 07.05.2003, PKHH 4333.

==Description (male)==
'''Head'''. Eye bridge 4–5 rows of facets. LW-index of 4<sup>th</sup> antennal flagellar segment 3.1–3.6; neck 0.3–0.5 of segment width; Transition of basal part to neck bottle-neck like. Colour of neck unicolour. Antennal hairs as long as segment width; dense; salient. Palps darkened; long; palpomeres 3. First palpomere elongate; with 4–8 bristles; with only some sparse sensillae. Second palpomere elongate. Third palpomere as long as first segment. '''Thorax'''. Colour brown. Notum unicolorous. Thoracic setae long and strong; dark. Mesonotum with some weaker central bristles. Posterior pronotum setose. Postpronotal setae 5–8; strong. Laterotergite bare. ''Legs''. Colour yellow, or yellow-brown. Hind coxae of same colour as femora. Hairs on fore coxae bright. Front tibia apically with a patch of setae. Front tibial organ dark, or bright. Front tibial organ not bordered. Tibial setae on hind legs normal, shorter than tibial width. Tibial spurs of equal length. Claws untoothed. ''Wings''. Wings slightly darkened; of normal shape. Wing membrane completely covered with macrotrichia. Wing venation weak, with faint m-base. M-fork of normal shape. R<sub>1</sub> inserting clearly after base of m-fork; posterior veins with macrotrichia; stM mainly with macrotrichia; cuA<sub>1</sub> and cuA<sub>2</sub> mainly with macrotrichia; bM setose; r-m mostly setose; bM:r-M 1.2–1.5; st-Cu:bM 0.35–0.5; r<sub>1</sub>:r 1.6–2; C:w 0.55–0.7. Halteres dark, or bright; of normal length. '''Abdomen'''. Abdominal setae weak; dorsally dark; ventrally dark, or of different colour. Hypopygium concolour with abdomen; 0.5–0.7 × longer than wide. Base of gonocoxites with normal, weak hairs; gonocoxites broadly separated; inner margin of gonocoxites narrowly U-shaped, or normally U-shaped; inner part of hypopygium bare; elongated setae on valves of hypopygium absent. Gonostylus globular; 1.6–1.9 × longer than wide; Inner margin straight; apex equally rounded. Apical tooth present; 1.8–2.4 × longer than broad; strong. Awl-like setae normal; below apex absent. Megasetae on inner part of gonostylus absent. Whiplash-hair absent. Tegmen 0.7–0.9 × longer than broad; trapezoid; normal; Central process absent. Length of aedeagus/hypopygium 24–40 %; Aeadeagal apical structure present. '''Measurements'''. Body size 3.1–3.8 mm. Hind tibia 1.8–2.1 mm. Wing length 3.2–3.8 mm.

==Diagnosis==
''Hirtipennia hirtipennis'' is the type species of the genus. The species is quite easy to distinguish by its large size and the wings, which are completely covered with macrotrichia. The other species of ''Hirtipennia'', have only parts of their wings covered with macrotrichia.

===DNA Barcoding===
The COI sequence is assigned to BIN {{BIN|ACM3117}} (average distance 0.52%, max. 2.02%, n=20, K2P: 8.85%).

==Etymology==
hirtus ''lat.'' = bristly, hirsute; penna ''lat.'' = feather (wing). The species name refers to the hairy wing membrane.

==Ecology==
''Hirtipennia hirtipennis'' has a wide distribution, but is nowhere very common. It is found everywhere in Europe in a variety of habitats from dry grasslands over forests to alpine heather.

==Distribution==
Austria<ref name="SC646" /><ref name="SC226" /><ref name="SC303">{{aut|Franz, H.}} 1989: ''Die Nordost-Alpen im Spiegel ihrer Landtierwelt: Diptera Orthorapha'' (6(1)). Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck.</ref><ref name="SC725">{{aut|Heller, K.}} 2012: IV 6.3 Familie Sciaridae (Trauermücken). In: R. Gerecke, H. Haseke, J. Klauber, & A. Maringer (Hrsg.), ''Quellen'', Schriften des Nationalparks Gesäuse '''7'''. Weng im Gesäuse. 189–199, 373–381</ref>
Croatia<ref name="SC731" />,
Czech Republic<ref name="SC283">{{aut|Menzel, F.; Mohrig, W.; Barták, J.}} 2000: Sciaridae. In: J. Vanhara & M. Barták (Eds.), ''Diptera in an industrially affected region (North-Western Bohemia, Bilina and Duchcov Environs), I'', Folia Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis (104). pp. 73-81.</ref><ref name="SC283">{{aut|Rudzinski, H.-G.}} 2000: Neue Trauermücken aus Mähren (Diptera: Sciaridae). ''Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins e. V.'', '''25''', 75–86.</ref>,
Finland<ref name="SC483" /><ref name="SC043">{{aut|Tuomikoski, R.}} 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. ''Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae “Vanamo”'', '''21''', 1–164.</ref><ref name="SC439">{{aut|Zetterstedt, J.W.}} 1851: Diptera scandinaviae disposita et descripta (10). ex officina Lundbergiana, Lundae. pp. 3711-4090. [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/109370#page/357/mode/1up BHL]</ref><ref name="SC470">{{aut|Salmela, J.; Vilkamaa, P.}} 2005: Sciaridae (Diptera) from central Finland: faunistics and taxonomy. ''Entomologica Fennica'', '''16''', 287–300.</ref>,
Denmark,
France<ref name="SC226" />,
Germany<ref name="SC094">{{aut|Rudzinski, H.-G.}} 1994: Fundort Schöngeising - die Trauermücken mit einer Liste aller bisher in Bayern aktuell nachgewiesenen Arten (vorläufig als“ Zweiflügler aus Bayern IV”) (Diptera Nematocera, Sciaridae). ''Entomofauna'', '''15'''(25), 293–311. [http://81.10.184.26:9001/pdf/ENT_0015_0293-0311.pdf PDF]</ref><ref name="SC162">{{aut|Lengersdorf, F.}} 1928: Meine Sciaridenausbeute aus dem Allgäu. ''Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Gesellschaft e. V.'', '''18'''(1-2), 18–19.</ref><ref name="SC226" /><ref name="SC278"> {{aut|Hennicke, S.; Martschei, T.; Müller-Motzfeld, G.}} 1997: Erste Ergebnisse der Erfassung ausgewählter Arthropodengruppen der Stadt Greifswald (Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Saltatoria). ''Insecta'', '''5''', 51-100.</ref><ref name="SC467">{{aut|Rudzinski, H.-G.}} 2003: Die Trauermücken (Insecta: Diptera: Sciaridae) des Naturschutzgebietes Bommecketal in Plettenberg (Sauerland). ''Der Sauerländische Naturbeobachter'', '''28''', 190-197.</ref><ref name="SC252">{{aut|Heller, K.}} 1999: Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Gönnersdorf (Kr. Daun). Beiträge zur Insektenfauna der Eifeldorfer 20. ''Dendrocopos'', '''26''', 249-262.</ref><ref name="SC002">{{aut|Menzel, F.; Mohrig, W.; Groth, I.}} 1990: Beiträge zur Insektenfauna der DDR: Diptera - Sciaridae. ''Beiträge zur Entomologie'', '''40''', 301-400.</ref><ref name="SC210">{{aut|Metzner, K.; Menzel, F.}} 1996: Untersuchungen zur Sciaridenfauna des innerstädtischen Auwaldgebietes Burgaue bei Leipzig (Insecta, Diptera, Sciaridae). ''Studia dipterologica'', '''3'''(1), 125–154.</ref><ref name="SC251">{{aut|Heller, K.}} 1998: Beiträge zur Sciaridenfauna Schleswig-Holsteins (Diptera). Teil 1. Das Trentmoor bei Plön. ''Dipteron'', '''1'''(3), 45-56.</ref>,
Great Britain<ref name="SC208">{{aut|Freeman, P.}} 1983: ''Sciarid flies. Diptera, Sciaridae''. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol 9 (6). Royal Entomological Society of London, London.</ref><ref name="SC397">{{aut|Edwards, F.W.}} 1926: North Lancashire and South Westmorland Diptera. ''The North Western Naturalist'', '''1'''(3), 141–143.</ref><ref name="SC446">{{aut|Menzel, F.; Smith, J.E.; Chandler, P.}} 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'', '''146''', 1-147. [http://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Menzel_et_al_2006_Sciaridae_sp_n_checklist_GB.pdf PDF]</ref>,
Greece<ref name="SC253">{{aut|Rulik, B.; Röschmann, F.; Mohrig, W.}} 1999: New Species of Sciarid Flies (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Greece and Turkey. ''Journal of the Entomological Research Society'', '''1'''(3), 21–50.</ref>,
Hungary<ref name="SC297">{{aut|Rulik, B.; Mohrig, W.; Jaschhof, M.}} 2001: Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) und freilebende Gallmücken (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Lestremiinae) aus Ungarn. Mit Bemerkungen zur ''Corynoptera tridentata''-Gruppe. ''Folia Entomologica Hungarica'', '''62''', 231-245.</ref>,
Italy<ref name="SC085">{{aut|Röschmann, F.; Mohrig, W.}} 1993: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Trauermücken der Alpenländer. Teil II: erste Sciaridenfunde aus den Italienischen Meeralpen (Alpes Maritimus). (Diptera, Sciaridae). ''Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck'', '''80''', 389-402.</ref><ref name="SC105">{{aut|Röschmann, F.; Mohrig, W.}} 1994: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Trauermücken der Alpenländer. Teil III. Die Sciariden des Vallemaggia (Schweiz, Tessin) (Diptera, Sciaridae). ''Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck'', '''81''', 197–207. [http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/BERI_81_0197-0207.pdf PDF]</ref><ref name="SC226" />,
Norway<ref name="GBIF">{{aut|GBIF}} [https://www.gbif.org/species/1486371 ''{{BASEPAGENAME}}'']</ref>,
Romania<ref name="SC111">{{aut|Hondru, N.}} 1965: Specii noi de Sciaride (Diptera - Sciaridae) din R. P. R. ''Studii si cercetari de biologie (Seria Zoologie)'', '''17'''(3), 211–215.</ref>,
Sweden<ref name="SC438" /><ref name="SC565">{{aut|Heller, K.; Vilkamaa, P.; Hippa, H.}} 2009: An annotated check list of Swedish black fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae). ''Sahlbergia'', '''15'''(1), 23-51.</ref>,
Slovakia<ref name="SC303" /><ref name="SC577">{{aut|Rudzinski, H.-G.}} 2009: Die Trauermücken des Poľana Biosphären-Reservats (Diptera: Sciaridae). ''Casopis Slezskeho zemskeho muzea, serie A'', '''58''', 39-46.</ref>
Switzerland<ref name="SC035" />,
Turkey.

==Images==
{{Gallery | lines=3 | width=300
|1= File:Leptosciarella hirtipennis Habitus KH1878.jpg|2= '''Figure 1.''' ''Hirtipennia hirtipennis'' male, habitus, scale 1 mm
|3= File:Leptosciarella hirtipennis Hypopygium KH1878.jpg|4= '''Figure 2.''' ''Hirtipennia hirtipennis'' male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm
|5= File:Leptosciarella hirtipennis Gonostylus KH623.jpg|6= '''Figure 3.''' ''Hirtipennia hirtipennis'' male, gonostylus (ventral view), scale 0.1 mm

|7= File:Leptosciarella hirtipennis Tegmen KH7682.jpg|8= '''Figure 4.''' ''Hirtipennia hirtipennis'' male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm
|9= File:Leptosciarella hirtipennis Antenna KH1878.jpg|10= '''Figure 5.''' ''Hirtipennia hirtipennis'' male, 4<sup>th</sup> antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm
|11= File:Leptosciarella hirtipennis Wing KH1878.jpg|12= '''Figure 6.''' ''Hirtipennia hirtipennis'' male, wing, scale 1 mm

}}

==References==
<references />