Yamaneta kehen
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Ordo: Araneae
Familia: Mysmenidae
Genus: Yamaneta
Name
Yamaneta kehen (Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009) comb. nov. – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Material examined
CHINA • 2♂♂, 25♀♀ multiple juveniles; Yunnan Province, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Fugong County, Shiyueliang Town, Lishadi Village, 3.9 km E of Yamu River Fork, “a nameless cave”; 27.12818N, 98.86014E; 1500 m a.s.l.; 18 Aug. 2018; Y.C. Li, Y. Li, Y.F. Shu & Y.C. Lin leg.; NHMSU • 1♂; same data as for preceding; GenBank: MK908789, MK908805, MK908797, MK895530, MK895538; GlgMY14 male • 1♀; same data as for preceding; GenBank: MK908790, MK908806, MK908798, MK895531, MK895539; GlgMY14 female • 1 juvenile; same data as for preceding; GenBank: MK908791, MK908807, MK908799, MK895532, MK895540; GlgMY14 juv. • 1♂; same data as for preceding; GenBank: MK908792, MK908808, MK908800, MK895533, MK895541; GlgMY15 male • 1♀; same data as for preceding; GenBank: MK908793, MK908809, MK908801, MK895534, MK895542; GlgMY15 female.
Diagnosis
Yamaneta kehen can be distinguished from its congener Y. paquini by having only a single proximal-dorsal trichobothrium (TTr) and a single long distal-ventral setae (TiS) on the male palpal tibia, but 2 of each in Y. paquini (Fig. 5A, B vs. Fig. 8A, B); and by the form of the epigyne in the female, which features a basally wider and shorter scape (Fig. 6C vs. Fig. 9C), a distinctly notched lateral margin of the scape (Fig. 6D vs. Fig. 9D), and a more strongly curved profile of the dorsal surface of the scape (Fig. 6B vs. Fig. 9B). Lateral margins of scape proximal to notches are nearly parallel in Y. paquini (Fig. 9C, D), converging in Y. kehen (Fig. 6C, D).
Description
Male. Somatic coloration and characters see Fig. 4A–C.
Measurements: Total length 2.19. Carapace 1.13 long, 1.12 wide. Clypeus 0.26 high. Sternum 0.57 long, 0.58 wide. Abdomen 1.09 long, 1.10 wide. Length of legs: I 6.98 (2.13, 0.66, 1.77, 1.27, 1.15); II 5.92 (1.83, 0.57, 1.46, 1.12, 0.94); III 3.93 (1.28, 0.39, 0.86, 0.74, 0.66); IV 4.25 (1.42, 0.40, 0.97, 0.83, 0.63).
Male palp (Fig. 5A–F): Femur long, curved mesially (Fig. 5E, F); patella elongate, with a distal-dorsal spine (Fig. 5E, F); tibia swollen, longer than patella, bears cluster of stiff dorsal setae and a dorsal trichobothrium proximally, with a long ventral setae distally (Fig. 5B: TiS). Cymbium broad, covers ventral part of bulb, dorsal part exposed (Fig. 5A–C). Paracymbium with long thick setae (Fig. 5C). Cymbial apophysis small hooked, sclerotized, on prolateral surface of cymbium (Fig. 5A–C). Cymbial conductor translucent, falcate, bearing dense cluster of long setae on prolateral face (Fig. 5C). Tegulum smooth, without process; spermatic duct long, twisted on base of embolus (Fig. 5D). Embolus long, wire-like, with proximal origin (Fig. 5B, D).
Female
See Fig. 4D–F. Somatic characters as in male, but larger in size.
Measurements: Total length 2.48. Carapace 1.12 long, 1.10 wide. Clypeus 0.25 high. Sternum 0.64 long, 0.63 wide. Abdomen 1.43 long, 1.30 wide. Length of legs: I 6.46 (1.95, 0.63, 1.65, 1.21, 1.02); II 5.55 (1.66, 0.61, 1.38, 1.05, 0.85); III 3.82 (1.22, 0.42, 0.84, 0.73, 0.61); IV 4.09 (1.44, 0.40, 0.93, 0.75, 0.57).
Vulva (Fig. 6A–D): Scape relatively wide basally (Fig. 6A, C), with distinctly notched lateral margins (Fig. 6D) and strongly curved dorsal profile (Fig. 6B). Lateral margins of scape proximal to notches are converging (Fig. 6C, D).
Distribution
Known from a single cave in Yunnan, China.
Natural history and web architecture
This species lives in the dark zone of the cave. They build a web typical of Maymena (e.g., Eberhard 1986[1], Lopardo and Hormiga 2015[2]: fig. 147D, E). Aerial lines extend upwards from web radii and hub and are attached to frame lines or the substrate above. The web is under tension and the hub is lifted. The catching spiral is dense and nearly horizontal. Above the catching spiral is an irregular network of horizontal and angled lines under tension (Fig. 10A). The spider usually hangs in the irregular area above the catching spiral.
Taxon Treatment
- Feng, C; Miller, J; Lin, Y; Shu, Y; 2019: Further study of two Chinese cave spiders (Araneae, Mysmenidae), with description of a new genus ZooKeys, 870: 77-100. doi
Images
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![Figure 8. Yamaneta paquini (Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009) comb. nov. from Lushui Co., Daxingdi, Walayaku [cave], male A, B, E, F Left palp C cymbium D palpal bulb G partial leg I A, E, G prolateral; B, F retrolateral; C prolateral; D retrolateral. Abbreviations: BC base of cymbium; BH basal haematodocha; CA cymbial apophysis; CS clasping spine on leh I; Cy cymbium; CyC cymbial conductor; CyFs setae on cymbial fold; E embolus; PC paracymbium; SD spermatic duct; T tegulum; Ti tibia; TS tibial spine on leg I; TTr trichobothria on tibia; TiS seta on palpal tibia. Scale bars: 0.50 mm.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-870-077-g008.jpg)
![Figure 9. Yamaneta paquini (Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009) comb. nov. from Lushui Co., Daxingdi, Walayaku [cave], female genitalia A, B Epigyne C–D vulva (lactic acid treated) A, C ventral B lateral D dorsal. Unlabeled arrow in B indicates curved profile of dorsal surface of scape, in D indicates notched lateral margin of scape. Abbreviations: CD copulatory ducts; FD fertilization ducts; S spermathecae; Sp scape. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-870-077-g009.jpg)
![Figure 10. Webs of Yamaneta spiders in the Gaoligong Mountains AYamaneta kehen (Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009) comb. nov. from Fugong Co., Lishadi, “a nameless cave”, female BYamaneta paquini (Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009) comb. nov. from Lushui Co., Daxingdi, Walayaku [cave], female. Red arrows indicate location of spider. Scale bars: 20.0 mm.](/wiki/File:Zookeys-870-077-g010.jpg)
Other References
- ↑ Eberhard W (1986) Web-building behavior of anapid, symphytognathid and mysmenid spiders (Araneae).Journal of Arachnology,14: 339–356.
- ↑ Lopardo L, Hormiga G (2015) Out of the twilight zone: phylogeny and evolutionary morphology of the orb-weaving spider family Mysmenidae, with a focus on spinneret spigot morphology in symphytognathoids (Araneae, Araneoidea).Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society173: 527–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12199
