Xenophrys pangdaensis
Contents
- 1 Taxonavigation
- 2 Name
- 3 Type material
- 4 Other specimens examined
- 5 Etymology
- 6 Suggested name
- 7 Diagnoses
- 8 Holotype description
- 9 Coloration in life
- 10 Coloration in preservative
- 11 Variations
- 12 Sexual dimorphism
- 13 Tadpole
- 14 Distribution and ecology
- 15 Comparisons
- 16 Original Description
- 17 Images
- 18 Other References
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Ordo: Anura
Familia: Megophryidae
Genus: Xenophrys
Name
Xenophrys pangdaensis Shu & Li & Wu & Liu & He & Li & Zhang & Guo, 2023 sp. nov. – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile
Type material
Holotype. YBU21248, adult male, collected by Ke Li and He Zhang on 28 August 2021 from Pangda Village (27°17.25'N, 89°0.42'E; ca. 2000 m a.s.l.), Yadong Town, Yadong County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
Paratypes. Six adult specimens (males: YBU21258, YBU21259, YBU21260, YBU21261, YBU21269; female: YBU21262) were collected from two very close sites in Yadong Town by Ke Li and He Zhang on 28 August 2021.
Other specimens examined
Thirteen tadpoles were collected by Ke Li and He Zhang on 4 September 2021. Five tadpoles were collected from Pangda Village (17 km, 27°18.18'N, 89°0.34'E), Yadong Town. The other tadpoles were collected from Pangda Village (27°17.25'N, 89°0.42'E) together with the holotype.
Etymology
The species name pangdaensis indicates the type locality of Pangda Village, Yadong County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
Suggested name
Pangda Horned Toad (English), and Pang Da Jiao Chan (庞达角蟾, Chinese).
Diagnoses
(1) Small body size, SVL 17.9–22.2 mm (20.5±1.8, n = 6) in adult males and SVL 23.4 mm (n = 1) in the adult female (Table 3); (2) tympanum indistinct, supratympanic fold distinct; (3) canthus rostralis well-developed, snout tip far beyond the margin of the lower lip; (5) pupil vertical; (6) vomerine teeth present, maxillary teeth present; (7) tongue notched terminally; (8) supernumerary tubercles absent, subarticular, metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles indistinct; (9) relative finger lengths I < II < IV < III, finger tips rounded, slightly expanded relative to digit widths; (10) toes with narrow lateral fringes and tarsal folds; (11) a dark triangular marking with light edge between eyes, a dark)(-shaped marking, with light edge, present on center of dorsum, pectoral glands on sides of the breast.
| YBU21248 (holotype) | YBU21262 (paratype) | YBU21261 (paratype) | YBU21259 (paratype) | YBU21260 (paratype) | YBU21269 (paratype) | YBU21258 (paratype) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | male | female | male | male | male | male | male |
| SVL | 21.5 | 23.4 | 21.7 | 20.9 | 18.6 | 17.9 | 22.2 |
| FAL | 3.4 | 5.9 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 4.6 |
| HAL | 6.5 | 6.3 | 7.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 8.0 |
| HLL | 30.4 | 33.5 | 30.5 | 34.9 | 30.4 | 26.6 | 35.4 |
| SHL | 10.9 | 11.4 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 11.6 |
| SL | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 3.0 |
| FOL | 10.8 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 9.7 | 6.5 | 8.9 | 10.9 |
| IN | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.7 |
| IUE | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 3.4 |
| UEW | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 2.11 | 2.5 | 1.9 |
| TYD | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 |
| HL | 7.6 | 6.7 | 7.6 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 7.4 |
| HW | 6.9 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 8.5 |
| FIL | 2.6 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 3.2 |
| FIIL | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.3 |
| FIIIL | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 4.9 |
| FIVL | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.3 |
| SN | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.8 |
| EN | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.9 |
| EL | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 3.1 |
| IFE | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.4 |
| IBE | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 4.1 |
| TYE | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.9 |
| FIIIW | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| FIIIDW | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| TIVW | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| TIVDW | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| TL | 9.1 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 10.1 |
| TFOL | 14.2 | 14.4 | 15.0 | 13.6 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 16.3 |
| IMT | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 |
Holotype description
Measurements in mm. Mature male, body slender, extremely small (SVL 21.5) (Fig. 3); small protuberance beyond cloaca from dorsal view, not visible from ventral view, not swollen; head moderate, longer than wide (HW 7.0, HL 7.6, IFE 2.8, IBE 3.7); snout nearly rounded in dorsal view, slightly protruding beyond lower jaw, angular in anterior and lateral view; loreal region acute, concave; canthus rostralis angular; dorsal surface of snout slightly concave; nostril oval, closer to eye than tip of snout (SN 1.5, EN 1.6); internarial distance greater than eyelid width, and shorter than narrowest point between upper eyelids (IN 2.5, UEW 1.9, IUE 2.9); eye diameter 1.5 × maximum diameter of visible portion of tympanum, and shorter than snout (EL 2.7, TYD 1.8, SL 3.3); eye-tympanum distance (TYE 1.7) shorter than diameter of visible portion of tympanum; tympanum oval-shaped, slightly oblique, upper border concealed by supratympanic ridge; pupil in life vertically elliptical; pineal ocellus not visible externally; vomerine ridges medium sized, orientated acutely, positioned between to slightly posterior to choanae, vomerine teeth small; maxillary teeth present; tongue moderately large, feebly notched posteriorly, medial lingual process absent. Forelimbs moderately long and thin; forearm slender, shorter than hand (FAL 3.4, HAL 6.5); fingers moderately long, with narrow lateral fringes and rudimentary webbing (Fig. 2); finger length formula I < II < IV < III (FIL 2.6, FIIL 3.6, FIIIL 6.0, FIVL 4.4); supernumerary, thenar and metacarpal tubercles absent, with slightly visible subarticular tubercles; finger tips rounded, with subcircular pads, without terminal grooves, slightly expanded relative to digit widths (FIIIW 0.2, FIIIDW 0.3).
Hindlimbs long and thin, heels overlapping when hindlimbs held at right angles to body; thighs slightly shorter than shanks and feet (TL 9.1, SHL 10.9, FOL 10.8); toes with narrow lateral fringes, rudimentary webbing; relative toe lengths I < II < V < III < IV; toe tips rounded, with subcircular pads, terminal grooves absent; supernumerary, subarticular and outer metatarsal tubercles absent; inner metatarsal tubercles indistinct.
Skin of dorsal and ventral surfaces of head, body and limbs basically smooth; dorsal skin with very small densely-distributed granules; tympanum smooth with borders slightly raised; supratympanic ridges thin before and above departure with tympanum and gradually expanding beyond posterior edge of tympanum; skin ridges formed by small disconnected tubercles;)(-shaped skin ridge on center of dorsum, its anterior ends extending posteriorly from above tympanum; flanks with two slender skin ridges, started at the shoulder and ended on both sides of the back of the cloaca; two small pectoral glands positioned on level with axilla; femoral glands moderate, positioned posterior surface of thigh, sub-equally distant from knee and cloaca.
Coloration in life
Dorsal surface basically saddle brown, darker on anterior and hindlimbs than on posterior; orange-red granules scattered on surface; dark brown) (-shaped marking with orange edge on central dorsum; ventrolateral trunk with white spots and orange dots; dark brown triangular pattern with orange edges presents between eyes, and dark brown rod-like pattern positioned in front of triangular pattern; supratympanic fold white mingled with orange flecks; temporal region under supratympanic ridge black; two dark brown patches present on upper lips under eye and nostril on side of head; eight relatively large white patches present on lower lip, symmetrically distributed; two white symmetrically curved lines on both sides of throat; many orange-red dots scattered on surface of throat; iris orange-red; two dark transverse bands on each forearm; finger tips orange-red; large white blotches on belly and ventral surfaces of hindlimbs; three dark transverse bands on anterior surface of thigh and shank; femoral glands white on thigh.
Coloration in preservative
After preservation in ethanol, dorsal surface primarily brown; dark brown triangular pattern with white edges presents between eyes; brown) (-shaped marking with white edge on central dorsum; two white slender skin ridges in flanks; two dark transverse bands on each forearm; dark brown band with white dots in middle of thigh and shank; throat pale brownish grey, two white symmetrically curved lines distinct; eight distinct white patches on lower lip; chest brown with two white pectoral glands; belly pale gray-white with large black-brown blotches on sides; posterior ventral body surface, thigh, and upper part of tibia pale brown with scattered white spots; ventral surfaces of fingers and toes dark brown with white blotches.
Variations
Paratypes generally resemble the holotype but with some differences. For example, a few specimens (YBU21258, YBU21262 and YBU21269) have the head width greater than the head length; YBU21258 had more and larger maxillary teeth, the tongue thinner; rod-like patterns on the top of head different between specimens. Coloration varied on ventral body, with some specimens being darker. The tips of the fingers in some specimens were not orange-red.
Sexual dimorphism
Males: external vocal sac indistinct; internal vocal slit present on floor of mouth near rear of mandible, one on each side; vocal sac, vocal slits, and enlarged forearms all absent in female.
Tadpole
Gosner stages 25–36. Body length range from 6.3–13.8 mm (Table 4); oral disk funnel like, positioned anterior-dorsal, large, width average 1.5× (1.1–1.7, n = 13) maximum body width, rice-like submarginal papillae scattered on lower and upper lips and pointed towards oral cavity; nares oval and closer to eye than to snout (RN 1.0, NE 0.4); internarial distance nearly equal to interorbital distance (IND 2.8, PP 2.7); eyes dorsolateral, pupils rounded; spiracle opens left of body in dorsal view, spiracular tube positioned equidistant between tip of the snout and trunk-tail junction; the tail accounts for 0.7 of the total length (TOL 37.0, TAL 26.6); dorsal fin arise near middle of tail, upper tail fin higher than lower tail, and approximately half of tail muscle height (UF 1.5, LF 1.1, TMW 2.8)(Fig. 4).
| Characters | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage | 36 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 31 | 35 | 32 | 31 | 27 | 25 | 29 | 36 |
| BH | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 4.6 | 2.6 | 6.2 | 4.8 |
| BL | 11.4 | 10.3 | 10.8 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 11.5 | 10.9 | 13.8 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 6.3 | 11.9 | 10.6 |
| BW | 5.5 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 7.1 | 4.5 |
| ED | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
| IND | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 3.3 | N |
| LF | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| NE | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| ODW | 7.9 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 4.8 | 10.1 | 5.6 |
| PP | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 3.3 | N |
| RN | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.9 |
| SS | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 5.4 | 3.7 | 6.4 | 5.3 |
| SU | 9.0 | 8.7 | 9.9 | 9.0 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 11.1 | 5.7 | 12.2 | 10.3 |
| TAL | 30.4 | 30.6 | 27.2 | 27.2 | 27.1 | 23.5 | 28.1 | N | 31.6 | 23.4 | 15.6 | 30.5 | 23.7 |
| TMH | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| TMW | 3.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 2.7 |
| TOL | 41.4 | 39.2 | 37.7 | 37.7 | 37.5 | 34.4 | 38.6 | N | 43.0 | 34.1 | 22.6 | 41.7 | 36.4 |
| UF | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
| TH | 5.5 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 7.8 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 3.1 | 7.1 | 5.1 |
Distribution and ecology
Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. is only known from the type locality, Yadong Town, Yadong County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China at elevations of 2003–2972 m. All calling males were recorded in August and September on ferns near or on a small stream in the tropical forest (Fig. 5). The tadpoles collected from near the type locality were from Gosner stages 25–36. The habitat is located in the small gully, both sides covered with ferns and other vegetation. None of the adults or tadpoles were found in July, and all specimens were found in late August and early September, implying that the breeding season included August and September. The sympatric species, Raorchestes yadongensis Zhang, Shu, Liu, Dong & Guo, 2022, Nanorana blanfordii (Boulenger, 1882), Duttaphrynus himalayanus (Günther, 1864), and Nanorana liebigii (Günther, 1860) were also recorded.
Comparisons
Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. is here compared with all 28 recognized species of the Xenophrys (Table 5). The smallest recognized species of Xenophrys is X. zunhebotoensis (male 28.4–33.9, females 37–39.5). So, by having small body size (males 18.0–22.2 mm, n = 6; female 23.4 mm, n = 1), Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. differs from all congeners from Xenophrys.
| Species | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X. pangdaensis sp. nov. | 18.0–22.2 | 21.7–23.4 | 0.50–0.69 | 0.48–0.58 | 0.47–0.52 | 0.49–0.52 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | I<II<IV<III | 0 | 1 | t, s |
| X. ancrae | 39.1–45.0 | 48.9 | 0.5–0.63 | 0.5–0.63 | 0.46–0.53 | 0.49 | 1 | 1 | ? | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | I<II<IV<III | 1 | 1 | o |
| X. awuh | 35.7–41.1 | 43.7–48 | 0.56–0.64 | 0.61–0.63 | 0.49–0.55 | 0.50–0.53 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | I=II<IV<III | 1 | 0 | u |
| X. auralensis | 60.1–76.7 | ? | 0.6 | ? | 0.51 | ? | 1 | 0/1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | II<I<IV<III | 0 | 1 | h, p |
| X. damrei | 47.7–57.1 | 69.1 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | IV<I<II<III | 0 | 0 | n, p |
| X. dzukou | 34.2–35.3 | ? | 0.45–0.59 | ? | 0.47–0.53 | ? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | I=II<IV<III | 1 | 0 | u |
| X. flavipunctata | 56.9–68.4 | 68–74.6 | 0.41–0.51 | 0.46–0.51 | 0.54–0.61 | 0.54–0.58 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | IV<I=II<III | 1 | 1 | s |
| X. glandulosa | 76.3–81 | 76.5–99.5 | 0.51–0.65 | ?77 | 0.58–0.60 | 0.5–0.55 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | II=I<IV<III/ IV<II<I<III | 0 | 0 | f, g, k, l, q, s |
| X. himalayana | 68–73.5 | 83.9 | 0.54 | 0.48 | 0.50–0.54 | 0.54 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | I<II<V<III<IV | 1 | 1 | s |
| X. lekaguli | 40.1–66.6 | 58.6–94 | 0.59–0.74 | 0.58–0.64 | 0.47–0.52 | 0.44–0.52 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | IV<II<I<III | 0 | 0 | i, p |
| X. major | 71.6–87.5 | 85.6–98.2 | 0.33–0.48 | 0.40–0.41 | 0.50–0.58 | 0.50–0.57 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | IV<II=I<III | 1 | 1 | q, u |
| X. mangshanensis | 62.5 | 73 | ? | ? | 0.52 | 0.54 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | II<I<IV<III | 0 | 0 | f, g, k, l, q |
| X. maosonensis | 58–76 | 68–93.5 | 0.5 | ? | 0.5–0.6 | ? | 1 | 1 | ? | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ? | ? | 0 | b, c |
| X. medogensis | 57.2–68 | 75.7–85.5 | ? | ? | 0.56 | ? | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1/0 | 0 | I<II<IV<III | 0 | 1 | d, k, l, q, t |
| X. megacephala | 48.4–53.4 | 49.3–64.4 | 0.54–0.71 | 0.56–0.82 | 0.41–0.49 | 0.41–0.47 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | IV<II<I<III | 1 | 1 | m, u |
| X. monticola | 37.8–49.1 | 40.5–51.1 | 0.38–0.59 | 0.44–0.71 | 0.45–0.51 | 0.46–0.51 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | I<II<IV<III | 1 | 1 | r, s |
| X. numhbumaeng | 33.8–34.6 | ? | 0.45–0.46 | ? | 0.52–0.58 | ? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | I=II<IV<III | 1 | 0 | u |
| X. oreocrypta | ? | 94.9 | ? | 0.52 | ? | 0.51 | 1 | 1 | ? | ? | 0 | 1 | 0 | IV<II<I<III | ? | 1 | s |
| X. oropedion | 32.8–39.2 | 44.1–48.7 | 0.54–0.65 | 0.62–0.69 | 0.43–0.48 | 0.42–0.43 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | I=II=IV<III | 1 | 1 | o |
| X. periosa | 71.3–93.8 | 112 | 0.44–0.58 | 0.45 | 0.51–0.58 | 0.51 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ? | 0 | 1 | 0 | IV<II<I<III | 1 | 0 | s |
| X. robusta | 73.5–83.1 | 81.3–114 | 0.38–0.52 | 0.40–0.74 | 0.51–0.57 | 0.46–0.54 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | IV<I=II<III | 1 | 1 | a, s |
| X. serchhipii | 36.1–46.7 | 46.1–53 | 0.47–0.66 | 0.50–0.55 | 0.46–0.53 | 0.47–0.51 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ? | 0 | 1 | 0 | IV<I=II<III | 1 | 1 | j, u |
| X. takensis | 47.3–53 | 72.9 | 0.42–0.48 | 0.53 | 0.41–0.49 | 0.45 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | IV≤II<I<III/ IV=I<II<III | 1 | 1 | s, u |
| X. truongsonensis | 58.8–71.4 | 65.6–87.3 | 0.51–0.67 | 0.53–0.59 | 0.55–0.64 | 0.54–0.58 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | I<II<IV<III | 0 | 0 | v |
| X. zhangi | 32.5–37.2 | ? | 0.5 | ? | 0.49 | ? | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | II=I <IV<III | 1 | 1 | e, k, l, q |
| X. zunhebotoensis | 28.4–33.9 | 37–39.5 | 0.43–0.58 | 0.48–0.59 | 0.45–0.54 | 0.47–0.50 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | IV<I<II≤III I≤II<IV<III | 1 | 1 | j, u |
| X. pava | 36.6–42.9 | 41.4–52.1 | 0.40–0.49 | 0.44–0.55 | 0.46–0.48 | 0.43–0.44 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0/1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | II<IV<I<III | 1 | 1 | u, w |
| X. dehongensis | 34.8–36.7 | 45.7–46.8 | 0.34–0.45 | 0.43–0.44 | 0.43–0.50 | 0.46–0.50 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | II<I<IV<III | 1 | 2 | w |
| X. lancangica | 64.0–65.4 | 75.0–88.6 | 0.63–0.74 | 0.59–0.77 | 0.54–0.57 | 0.56–0.58 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | II<IV<I<III | 1 | 1 | w |
Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. differs from X. awuh, X. monticola, X. robusta, and X. zunhebotoensis by presence of vomerine teeth (vs absence of vomerine teeth).
Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. differs from X. lekaguli, X. truongsonensis by presence of vocal sac (vs absence of vocal sac).
Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. differs from X. ancrae, X. awuh, X. dzukou, X. flavipunctata, X. himalayana, X. major, X. megacephala, X. monticola, X. numhbumaeng, X. oropedion, X. periosa, X. robusta, X. serchhipii, X. takensis, X. zhangi, X. zunhebotoensis, X. pava, X. dehongensis and X. lancangica by absence of nuptial pads on fingers (vs presence of nuptial pads on fingers).
Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. differs from X. ancrae, X. awuh, X. dzukou, X. glandulosa, X. major, X. mangshanensis, X. maosonensis, X. medogensis, X. monticola, X. numhbumaeng, X. oropedion, X. truongsonensis, X. zhangi, X. zunhebotoensis, X. pava, X. lancangica (vs tongue feebly notched), X. auralensis, X. lekaguli, X. megacephala, X. robusta, X. takensis, X. dehongensis by tongue distinctly notched (vs tongue not notched).
Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. differs from X. ancrae, X. awuh, X. auralensis, X. damrei, X. lekaguli, X. mangshanensis, X. maosonensis, X. medogensis, X. megacephala, X. numhbumaeng, X. oreocrypta, X. oropedion, X. periosa, X. robusta, X. serchhipii, X. takensis, X. zunhebotoensis, X. pava, and X. dehongensis by having narrow lateral fringes on toes (vs lateral fringes on toes absent), and X. glandulosa (vs lateral fringes on toes wide).
Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. differs from X. dzukou, X. mangshanensis, X. oropedion, X. zhangi, X. pava, and X. zunhebotoensis by toes with rudiment of webbing (vs toes without webbing), X. flavipunctata, and X. maosonensis (vs at most one-fourth webbed).
Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. differs from X. ancrae, X. awuh, X. damrei, X. dzukou, X. flavipunctata, X. glandulosa, X. himalayana, X. lekaguli, X. major, X. mangshanensis, X. maosonensis, X. medogensis, X. megacephala, X. monticola, X. numhbumaeng, X. oreocrypta, X. oropedion, X. periosa, X. robusta, X. serchhipii, X. takensis, X. truongsonensis, X. zhangi, X. zunhebotoensis, X. pava, X. lancangica and X. dehongensis by presence of indistinct subarticular tubercles on toes (vs absence of subarticular tubercles on toes).
Xenophrys pangdaensis sp. nov. differs from X. awuh, X. damrei, X. dzukou, X. glandulosa, X. lekaguli, X. mangshanensis, X. maosonensis, X. numhbumaeng, X. periosa, and X. truongsonensis by dorsal skin texture smooth with small tubercles (vs dorsal skin texture smooth), X. dehongensis (vs dorsal skin rough).
Original Description
- Shu, G; Li, K; Wu, Y; Liu, Q; He, Z; Li, L; Zhang, H; Guo, P; 2023: A new species of Xenophrys (Amphibia, Anura, Megophryidae) from southern Tibet, China ZooKeys, 1182: 307-329. doi
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Other References
- ↑ Boulenger G (1908) A revision of the Oriental pelobatid batrachians (genus Megalophrys).Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London78(2): 407–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1908.tb01852.x
- ↑ Bourret R (1937) Notes herpétologiques sur l'Indochine française. XIV. Les Batraciens de la collection du Laboratoire des Sciences Naturelles de l'Université. Descriptions de quinze espèces ou variétés nouvelles.Annexe au Bulletin Général de l'Instruction Publique4: 5–56. [In French]
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- ↑ Fei L, Ye C, Huang Y (1983) Two new subspecies of Megophrys omeimontis Liu from China (Amphibia, Pelobatidae). Acta Herpetologica Sinica/ Liangqi baxing dongwu yanjiu. New Series.Chengdu2(2): 49–52. [In Chinese with English abstract]
- ↑ Ye C, Fei L (1992) A new pelobatid toad of the genus Megophrys from Xizang, China.Acta Herpetologica Sinica/Liangqi baxing dongwu yanjiu1(2): 50–52.
- ↑ Fei L, Ye C, Huang Y (1992) Description of two new species of the genus Megophrys, Pelobatidae (Amphibia: Anura) from China.Zoological Research13: 5–12. [In Chinese] https://doi.org/10.5479/si.23317515.118.12
- ↑ Huang C, Lathrop A, Murphy R (1998) Translations of “Two new species of amphibian in Tibet” Huang & Fei 1981 and “Description of two new species of the genus Megophrys” Fei, Ye, & Huang 1995.Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service118: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.23317515.118.3
- ↑ Ohler A, Swan S, Daltry J (2002) A recent survey of the amphibian fauna of the Cardomom Mountains, Southwest Cambodia with descriptions of three new species.Raffles Bulletin of Zoology50(2): 465–481.
- ↑ Stuart B, Chuaynkern Y, Chan-ard T, Inger R (2006) Three new species of frogs and a new tadpole from eastern Thailand. Fieldiana 111: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3158/0015-0754(2006)187[1:TNSOFA]2.0.CO;2
- ↑ Mathew R, Sen N (2007) Description of two new species of Xenophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from north-east India.Cobra1(2): 18–28.
- ↑ Fei L, Hu S, Ye C, Huang Y (2009) Fauna Sinica. Amphibia. Volume 2. Anura. Science Press, Beijing, 328–481. [In Chinese]
- ↑ Fei L, Ye C, Jiang J (2012) Coloured Atlas of Chinese Amphibians and their Distributions. Sichuan Publishing House of Science & Technology, Sichuan, 209–246. [In Chinese]
- ↑ Mahony S (2011) Two new species of Megophrys Kuhl and van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae), from western Thailand and southern Cambodia.Zootaxa2734(1): 23–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2734.1.2
- ↑ Mahony S, Sengupta S, Kamei R, Biju S (2011) A new low altitude species of Megophrys Kuhl & van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae), from Assam, Northeast India.Zootaxa3059(1): 36–46. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3059.1.2
- ↑ Mahony S, Teeling E, Biju S (2013) Three new species of horned frogs, Megophrys (Amphibia: Megophryidae), from northeast India, with a resolution to the identity of Megophrys boettgeri populations reported from the region.Zootaxa3722(2): 143–169. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.3
- ↑ Neang T, Chin S, Meang M, Hun S (2013) Confirmation of three species of megophryid frogs (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from the Cardamom Mountains of Southwest Cambodia, with the rediscovery of a long lost species.Cambodian Journal of Natural History2013(2): 66–72.
- ↑ Fei L, Ye C (2016) Amphibians of China, Volume 1. Science Press, Beijing, 611–735.
- ↑ Deuti K, Grosjean S, Nicolas V, Vasudevan K, Ohler A (2017) Nomenclatural puzzle in early Xenophrys nomina (Anura, Megophryidae) solved with description of two new species from India (Darjeeling hills and Sikkim).Alytes34: 20–48.
- ↑ Mahony S, Kamei R, Teeling E, Biju S (2018) Cryptic diversity within the Megophrys major species group (Amphibia: Megophryidae) of the Asian Horned Frogs: Phylogenetic perspectives and a taxonomic revision of South Asian taxa, with descriptions of four new species.Zootaxa4523(1): 1–96. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4523.1.1
- ↑ Shi S, Zhang M, Xie F, Jiang J, Liu W, Ding L, Luan L, Wang B (2020) Multiple data revealed two new species of the Asian horned toad Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt, 1822 (Anura, Megophryidae) from the eastern corner of the Himalayas.ZooKeys977: 101–161. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.977.55693
- ↑ Mahony S, Kamei R, Teeling E, Biju S (2020) Taxonomic review of the Asian Horned Frogs (Amphibia: Megophrys Kuhl & Van Hasselt) of Northeast India and Bangladesh previously misidentified as M. parva (Boulenger), with descriptions of three new species.Journal of Natural History54(1–4): 119–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2020.1736679
- ↑ Luong A, Hoang C, Pham C, Nguyen T, Orlov N, Ziegler T, Nguyen T (2022) A new species of Xenophrys (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Truong Son Range, Vietnam.Zootaxa5150(3): 333–356. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5150.3.2
- ↑ Lyu Z, Qi S, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhao J, Zeng Z, Wang H, Yang J, Mo Y, Wang Y (2023) Generic classification of Asian horned toads (Anura: Megophryidae: Megophryinae) and monograph of Chinese species.Zoological Research44(2): 380–450. https://doi.org/10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.372
