Varma

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Name

Varma Distant, 1906 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

• Varma Distant, 1906: 330; Distant 1909: 171; Melichar 1914: 117; Wang and Liang 2008: 116.

Type species

Serida fervens Walker, 1857, by original designation.

Diagnosis

Body slender, somewhat dorsoventrally depressed. Head (Figs 1–4, 5, 24) produced in front of eyes. Vertex (Figs 1–4, 5, 24) shorter in middle than broad at base (about 2.1–4.8:1), disc depressed, unicarinate carina, not reaching anterior margin. Frons (Figs 6, 25) unicarinate, longer in middle line than wide than broad (about 1.3–1.5:1). Pronotum (Figs 5, 24) tricarinate, wider than long in middle (about 3.1-5.0:1). Mesonotum (Figs 5, 24) tricarinate, wider than long in middle (about 1.1–1.3:1). Hind tibia with 3 lateral spines, spinal formula of hind leg 6(5)-5-2. Forewing (Figs 1–4, 8, 27) subhyaline, about 2.5 times longer than the widest breadth, corium without granulation, costal cell with various oblique transverse veins, nodal line and subapical line distinct. Male genitalia (Figs 10–15, 29–34) with pygofer asymmetrical, irregularly subquadrate, posterior marging produced various lobes; anal tube (urite X) symmetrical, anal styles (paraproct and epiproct) relative small, not surpassing apex of anal tube; gonostyli asymmetrical, with a strong stout process in left side, with a small process in right side; fused basally, with various median processes in ventral view; aedeagus tubular, expanded apex, with several lobes or band processes.

Female genitalia

Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) (Figs 16, 21, 35, 40) saw-like, strongly sclerotized, with 6-8 distinct teeth on dorsal margin, ventral margin with about 3-4 distinct teeth. Gonapophyses IX (second valvula) (Figs 18, 22, 35, 37, 41) degradated, triangular. Gonoplace (third valvula) (Figs 19, 23, 38, 42) stout, membranous, formed about 10-14 teeth on ventral margin and apical margin (Figs 19, 23, 38, 42). In ventral view, endogonocoxal lobe (Figs 17, 20, 36, 39) not bilaterally symmetrical, in the base of the gonapophyses VIII produced mesad irregular process. Sternite VII with posterior margin depressed or convex (Figs 17, 20, 36, 39).

Distribution

Oriental region.

Checklist of species of Varma Distant, 1906 in China

Varma bimaculata Wang & Liang, 2008; China (Xizang)
Varma falcata Chang & Chen, sp. n.; China (Guizhou)
Varma gibbosa Wang &Liang, 2008; China (Xizang)
Varma lobata Chang & Chen, sp. n.; China (Yunnan)
Varma serrata Men & Qin, 2010; China (Yunnan, Hunan)

Keys to species of genus Varma, 1906 in China

(based on male genitalia, ♂)

Keys to species of genus Varma, 1906 in China — Z. Chang, Z. Zhang, L. Yang , X. Chen

1		Pygofer with posterior margin produced into a distinct process in right side    2
–		Pygofer without posterior margin produced into a distinct process in right side    3
2		Pygofer with posterior margin produced into a trapezoidal process in right side (see Men and Qin: 263, Fig. 2A, I, J)    Varma serrata Men & Qin
–		Pygofer with posterior margin produced into a strip in right side (Figs 29, 32, 33)    Varma lobata Chang & Chen, sp. n.
3		Gonostyli with subcircular or subglobose lobe at apical inner margin    4
–		Gonostyli with a falcate lobe at apical inner margin (Fig. 11)    Varma falcata Chang & Chen, sp. n.
4		Aedeagus with apical part expanded into two hemispherical protuberances, curved through about 180 degree (see Wang and Liang: 118, Figs 8, 9)    Varma gibbosa Wang & Liang
–		Aedeagus with apical part expanded into a hemispherical protuberance, curved through about 90 degree, then extended into an irregularly contorted scoop-shape plate (see Wang and Liang: 121, Figs 21, 22)    Varma bimaculata Wang & Liang
1		Sternite VII with posterior margin project triangularly in middle; endogonocoxal lobe produced mesad irregular trapeziums, more broader in left side, more slender in right side (Fig. 17)    Varma falcata Chang & Chen, sp. n.
–		Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a shallow pit in middle    2
2		Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a pit in middle about1/2; endogonocoxal lobe produced mesad irregular triangle, more narrow in left side, more broader in right side (Fig. 36)    Varma lobata Chang & Chen, sp. n.
–		Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a pit in middle less than1/2    3
3		Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a narrow and deep pit in middle 1/9; endogonocoxal lobe produced mesad different rods (Fig. 39)    Varma serrata Men & Qin
–		Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a shallow pit in middle 1/7; endogonocoxal lobe produced mesad irregular protuberances, triangular in left side, falculate in right side (Fig. 20)    Varma gibbosa Wang & Liang

(based on female genitalia,♀)

Keys to species of genus Varma, 1906 in China — Z. Chang, Z. Zhang, L. Yang , X. Chen

1		Pygofer with posterior margin produced into a distinct process in right side    2
–		Pygofer without posterior margin produced into a distinct process in right side    3
2		Pygofer with posterior margin produced into a trapezoidal process in right side (see Men and Qin: 263, Fig. 2A, I, J)    Varma serrata Men & Qin
–		Pygofer with posterior margin produced into a strip in right side (Figs 29, 32, 33)    Varma lobata Chang & Chen, sp. n.
3		Gonostyli with subcircular or subglobose lobe at apical inner margin    4
–		Gonostyli with a falcate lobe at apical inner margin (Fig. 11)    Varma falcata Chang & Chen, sp. n.
4		Aedeagus with apical part expanded into two hemispherical protuberances, curved through about 180 degree (see Wang and Liang: 118, Figs 8, 9)    Varma gibbosa Wang & Liang
–		Aedeagus with apical part expanded into a hemispherical protuberance, curved through about 90 degree, then extended into an irregularly contorted scoop-shape plate (see Wang and Liang: 121, Figs 21, 22)    Varma bimaculata Wang & Liang
1		Sternite VII with posterior margin project triangularly in middle; endogonocoxal lobe produced mesad irregular trapeziums, more broader in left side, more slender in right side (Fig. 17)    Varma falcata Chang & Chen, sp. n.
–		Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a shallow pit in middle    2
2		Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a pit in middle about1/2; endogonocoxal lobe produced mesad irregular triangle, more narrow in left side, more broader in right side (Fig. 36)    Varma lobata Chang & Chen, sp. n.
–		Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a pit in middle less than1/2    3
3		Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a narrow and deep pit in middle 1/9; endogonocoxal lobe produced mesad different rods (Fig. 39)    Varma serrata Men & Qin
–		Sternite VII with posterior margin formed a shallow pit in middle 1/7; endogonocoxal lobe produced mesad irregular protuberances, triangular in left side, falculate in right side (Fig. 20)    Varma gibbosa Wang & Liang

Note: this key didn’t refer to Varma bimaculata Wang & Liang, as we didn’t have the female specimens.

Taxon Treatment

• Chang, Z; Zhang, Z; Yang, L; Chen, X; 2014: Review of the Chinse species of the genus Varma Distant (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Tropiduchidae), with description of two new species ZooKeys, 417: 21-35. doi

Images

Figures 1–4. Dorsal habitus of Varma species. 1 Varma falcata Chang & Chen, sp. n.; 2 Varma lobata Chang & Chen, sp. n.; 3 Varma gibbosa Wang & Liang; 4 Varma serrata Men & Qin. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.  Figures 5–15. Varma falcata Chang & Chen, sp. n. 5 Head and thorax, dorsal view 6 Head, ventral view 7 Head and thorax, lateral view 8 Forewing 9 Hind wing 10 Male genitalia, lateral view 11 Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view 12 Male genitalia, dorsal view 13 Pygofer and anal segment, left side 14 Gonostyli, right side 15 Aedeagus, left side. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (5–9), 0.5 mm (10–15).  Figures 16–23. Female genitalia. 16–19 Varma falcata Chang & Chen, sp. n. 16 Female genitalia, lateral view 17 Female genitalia, ventral view 18 Gonapophyses IX, ventral view 19 Gonoplace, ventral view 20–23 Varma gibbosa Wang & Liang 20 Female genitalia, ventral view 21 Gonapophyses VIII, lateral view 22 Gonapophyses IX, ventral view 23 Gonoplace, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (16–23).  Figures 24–34. Varma lobata Chang & Chen, sp. n. 24 Head and thorax, dorsal view 25 Head, ventral view 26 Head and thorax, lateral view 27 Forewing 28 Hind wing 29 Male genitalia, lateral view 30 Pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view 31 Male genitalia, dorsal view 32 Pygofer and anal segment, left side 33 Male genitalia, right side 34 Aedeagus, left side. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (24–28), 0.5 mm (29–34).  Figures 35–42. Female genitalia. 35–38 Varma lobata Chang & Chen, sp. n. 35 Female genitalia, lateral view 36 Female genitalia, ventral view 37 Gonapophyses IX, ventral view 38 Gonoplace, ventral view 39–42 Varma serrata Men & Qin 39 Female genitalia, lateral view 40 Gonapophyses VIII, lateral view 41 Gonapophyses IX, ventral view 42 Gonoplace, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (35–42).