Trichosiopsis brevior

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Sciaridae
Genus: Trichosiopsis

Name

Trichosiopsis brevior (Tuomikoski, 1960) – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link

  • Trichosia (Leptosciarella) brevior Tuomikoski, 1960[1]: 22-23
  • Leptosciarella (Leptosciarella) brevior (Tuomikoski, 1960)[2]: 68-69, fig. 16

Type material

Lectotype: ♂, 05.07.1959, leg. Tuomikoski in MZH

Type locality

Finland, Vihti, Vihtijärvi

Material studied

Finland: 1 ♂, Ks, Kalliovaara, Kuusamo, spruce/birch/pine forest, Malaise trap, Jaschhof, 2.-25.08.2004, PKHH 6256; 1 ♂, Ks, Kuusamo, Kuohuso-Kalliovaara: spruce/birch swamp forest, sweep netting, Jaschhof, 2.-15.08.2004, MZH 9240; Greece: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Kerkini, Elodia Cafe Site, Malaise trap, Ramel, 30.4.-04.05.2008, PKHH 6983/6984; Sweden: 1 ♂, Pite lappmark, Arjeplog, Norrbottens län, L. Sädvajaure (northern end); subalpine birch forest, Malaise trap, Jaschhof & Jaschhof, 7.7.-12.08.2005, PKHH 6026.

Description (male)

Head. Eye bridge 4 rows of facets. LW-index of 4th antennal flagellar segment 3.2–4; neck 0.35–0.55 of segment width; Transition of basal part to neck bottle-neck like. Colour of neck unicolour. Antennal hairs longer than segment width; sparse; salient. Palps darkened; normal; palpomeres 3. First palpomere of normal shape; with 4–6 bristles; with only some sparse sensillae. Second palpomere shortly oval. Third palpomere as long as first segment. Thorax. Colour brown. Notum unicolorous. Thoracic setae normal; dark. Mesonotum with some weaker central bristles. Posterior pronotum setose. Postpronotal setae 1–3; strong. Laterotergite bare. Legs. Colour yellow. Hind coxae of same colour as femora. Hairs on fore coxae black. Front tibia apically with a patch of setae. Front tibial organ dark. Front tibial organ not bordered. Tibial setae on hind legs weak, inconspicuous, or normal, shorter than tibial width. Tibial spurs of equal length. Claws untoothed. Wings. Wings slightly darkened; of normal shape, or reduced, with weakly developed anal lobe. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Wing venation weak, with faint m-base. M-fork of normal shape. R1 inserting clearly before base of m-fork; posterior veins with macrotrichia; stM with a few macrotrichia, or bare; cuA1 and cuA2 mainly with macrotrichia; bM bare; r-m bare; bM:r-M 0.65–0.78; st-Cu:bM 0.4–0.6; r1:r 1.05–1.4; C:w 0.6–0.74. Halteres dark; of normal length. Abdomen. Abdominal setae dorsally dark; ventrally dark. Hypopygium concolour with abdomen; 0.65–0.8 × longer than wide. Base of gonocoxites with normal, weak hairs; gonocoxites narrowly separated, or fused; inner margin of gonocoxites normally U-shaped; inner part of hypopygium scarcely setose; elongated setae on valves of hypopygium absent. Gonostylus elongate; 2.1–2.5 × longer than wide; Inner margin straight; apex equally rounded. Apical tooth present; 2.05–2.5 × longer than broad; normal. Awl-like setae long, or normal; on inner side of gonostyles present apically. Megasetae on inner part of gonostylus absent. Whiplash-hair absent. Tegmen 0.6–0.72 × longer than broad; equally rounded, or rectangular with rounded edges; with dark and strengthended edges; Central process absent. Length of aedeagus/hypopygium 15–28 %; Aeadeagal apical structure present. Measurements. Body size 2–2.5 mm. Hind tibia 1.2–1.4 mm. Wing length 2.2–2.6 mm.

Diagnosis

Trichosiopsis brevior is a small species, characterized by very long antennae, which have bottle-neck like necks and very long hairs. The apically rounded gonostylus with some very long awl-like spines below the apical tooth are also very peculiar. The apical extension of the aedeagus, which gives it the appearance of a “Y”, is unusual for the genus Trichosiopsis. The species is similar to Trichosiopsis claviforceps by the shape of the gonostylus and by the strengthened edges of the tegmen. By the rounded gonostylus this species belongs to the viatica-complex of species and here to the subgroup of species with reduced macrotrichia on the wing veins.

DNA Barcoding

COI sequences are assigned to the following BINs:

Discussion

Trichosiopsis brevior is a rarely collected species, which apparently constitutes a complex of different phylogenetic entities. DNA barcoding of six specimens revealed six different sequences with K2P distance of more than 2.5% each. However, the two male specimens do not show any diagnostic morphological differences. It is very probable, that still more BINs will emerge in the course of future barcoding events. Tr. brevior may to be one of the few cases of “barcode scattering” in the genus Trichosiopsis, where apparently unlimited numbers of unique BINs belong to the same morphological species. For that reason, at present the BINs are no distinguished as different taxa.

Etymology

lat. brevior = shorter; making reference to the smaller size of the species.

Distribution

Trichosiopsis brevior despite its rareness is distributed throughout the whole Europe and is also present in North America, as was proved by records on BOLD.

Finland[1], Canada, Czech Republic[3], Germany[4], Norway[5], Greece, Sweden[6].

Images

Figure 1. Trichosiopsis brevior male, habitus, scale 1 mm
Figure 1. Trichosiopsis brevior male, habitus, scale 1 mm 
Figure 2. Trichosiopsis brevior male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 2. Trichosiopsis brevior male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 3. Trichosiopsis brevior male, gonostylus (ventral view), scale 0.1 mm
Figure 3. Trichosiopsis brevior male, gonostylus (ventral view), scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 4. Trichosiopsis brevior male, gonostylus (dorsal view), scale 0.1 mm
Figure 4. Trichosiopsis brevior male, gonostylus (dorsal view), scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 5. Trichosiopsis brevior male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 5. Trichosiopsis brevior male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 6. Trichosiopsis brevior male, 4th antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 6. Trichosiopsis brevior male, 4th antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 7. Trichosiopsis brevior male, palpus, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 7. Trichosiopsis brevior male, palpus, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 8. Trichosiopsis brevior male, wing, scale 1 mm
Figure 8. Trichosiopsis brevior male, wing, scale 1 mm 

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tuomikoski, R. 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae “Vanamo”, 21, 1–164.
  2. ↑ Mohrig, W.; Menzel, F. 1997: Revision der paläarktischen Arten von Trichosia Winnertz sensu Tuomikoski, 1960 (Diptera, Sciaridae). – Teil II. Gattungen Leptosciarella Tuomikoski, 1960 und Trichodapus gen. nov. Studia dipterologica, 4(1), 41–98.
  3. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 1998: Sciaridae. In: R. Rozkošný & J. Vaňhara (Eds.), Diptera of the Pálava Biosphere Reserve of UNESCO, I, Folia Facultatis Scientiarium Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia. Brno. pp. 49–55.
  4. ↑ Hennicke, S.; Martschei, T.; Müller-Motzfeld, G. 1997: Erste Ergebnisse der Erfassung ausgewählter Arthropodengruppen der Stadt Greifswald (Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Saltatoria). Insecta, 5, 51-100.
  5. ↑ GBIF Trichosiopsis brevior
  6. ↑ Heller, K.; Vilkamaa, P.; Hippa, H. 2009: An annotated check list of Swedish black fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae). Sahlbergia, 15(1), 23-51.
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