Trichosia glabra

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Diptera
Familia: Sciaridae
Genus: Trichosia

Name

Trichosia glabra (Meigen, 1830) – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link

  • Sciara glabra Meigen, 1830[1]: 307
  • Trichosia (Leptosciarella) glabra (Meigen, 1830)[2]: 20, fig. 21
  • Trichosia (Trichosia) glabra (Meigen, 1830)[3]: 27, fig. 1 h, 2 b, 14 a-c
  • Sciara prisca Winnertz, 1867[4]: 132-133

Type material

Holotype ♀, in MNHN

Type locality

Germany, Stolberg near Aachen

Material studied

Germany: 5 ♂, Baden-Württemberg, Belchen, Malaise trap, Doczkal, 28.5.-03.07.2003, PKHH 4817, PDDM 95, PASS 76, ZSMC 2234/2235; 1 ♀, Hesse, Frankfurt/Main no. 3466, 649 and GP7490 in SMFD [Lectotype of Sciara prisca]; 2 ♂, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Greifswald, Arboretum, Malaise trap, Mohrig, 2.-08.06.1996, PWMP 3041/3042; 1 ♂, 14.-19.06.1996, PWMP 3043; 1 ♂, 1.-23.06.1997, PWMP 1350; 1 ♂, Laubwald, Malaise trap, Jaschhof, 1994, PKHH 5447; 1 ♂, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Cologne, district Poll, Garden, Malaise trap, Franzen, 30.8.-06.09.1994, PKHH 2997; 2 ♀, 14.-21.05.2002, ZSMC 2097/2098; 1 ♂, Rhineland-Palatine, Gönnersdorf, Eifel, Mäuerchenberg dry grassland, Malaise trap, Cölln, 25.5.-01.06.1991, PKHH 1866; 1 ♂, 18.-25.05.1991, PKHH 1857; 1 ♀, Schleswig-Holstein, Flensburg, Marienhölzung, forest, Malaise trap, Barkemeyer, 2.-09.06.1999, PKHH 3097; 1 ♂, 7.-14.06.1996, PKHH 2037; 1 ♂, Heikendorf, Stückenberg 58, lawn, Malaise trap, Heller, 17.-23.05.1997, PKHH 2350; Finland: 2 ♂, Li, Utsjoki, Tundra, Malaise trap, Fatouros, 3.-10.07.2000, PKHH 3276/3280; France: 1 ♂, Marais de Lavours, Malaise trap, Withers, 02.09.2011; Greece: 1 ♂,Kerkini, Ramna Site, Malaise trap, Ramel, 16.-22.06.2008, PKHH 6881; Sweden: 1 ♂, Härjedalen, Nyvallen, Nyvallens fäbod: alpine birch and spruce wood, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 4.7.-04.08.2004, NHRS 1795; 1 ♂, Öland, Skogsby, Gamla Skogsby (Kalkstad) "diversitetsängen", meadow with bushes, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 20.5.-28.06.2006, NHRS 2354; 1 ♂, Skåne, Simrishamn, Stenshuvud National Park: Svabeholmsskog, hornbeam forest, Malaise trap, Swedish Malaise Trap Project, 20.-26.06.2005, PKHH 6662; Switzerland: 1 ♂, Zurich, Sihlwald, forest, window trap, Schiegg, 24.5.-05.06.1996, PKHH 1815.

Description (male)

Head. Eye bridge 6–8 rows of facets. LW-index of 4th antennal flagellar segment 1.4–1.7; neck 0.22–0.34 of segment width; Transition of basal part to neck pronounced. Colour of neck unicolour. Antennal hairs shorter than segment width; dense; salient. Palps darkened; normal; palpomeres 3. First palpomere of normal shape, or thickened; with 4–7 bristles; with delimited sensillary field. Second palpomere shortly oval. Third palpomere as long as first segment, or longer than first segment. Thorax. Colour very dark, or brown. Notum unicolorous. Thoracic setae weak; of different colours. Mesonotum with very fine hairs. Posterior pronotum setose. Postpronotal setae 4–6; fine. Laterotergite bare. Legs. Colour yellow, or patterned. Hind coxae darkened. Hairs on fore coxae bright. Front tibia apically with a patch of setae. Front tibial organ bright. Front tibial organ not bordered. Tibial setae on hind legs normal, shorter than tibial width. Tibial spurs of equal length. Claws untoothed. Wings. Wings slightly darkened; of normal shape. Wing membrane without macrotrichia. Wing venation weak, with faint m-base. M-fork of normal shape. R1 inserting clearly before base of m-fork; posterior veins with macrotrichia; stM mainly with macrotrichia; cuA1 and cuA2 mainly with macrotrichia; bM bare; r-m mostly setose; bM:r-M 0.85–1.05; st-Cu:bM 0.4–0.6; r1:r 0.9–1.1; C:w 0.5–0.6. Halteres bright; of normal length. Abdomen. Abdominal setae weak; dorsally dark; ventrally of different colour. Hypopygium concolour with abdomen; 0.55–0.75 × longer than wide. Base of gonocoxites with normal, weak hairs; gonocoxites narrowly separated; inner margin of gonocoxites normally U-shaped; inner part of hypopygium scarcely setose; elongated setae on valves of hypopygium absent. Gonostylus globular; 1.5–1.7 × longer than wide; Inner margin convex; apex equally rounded. Apical tooth absent. Awl-like setae absent. Megasetae on inner part of gonostylus present; number of megasetae 16–22; thick; curved; in one group; Position of lowest megaseta 15–24 % from top. Whiplash-hair absent. Tegmen 1.05–1.3 × longer than broad; trapezoid; normal; Central process absent. Length of aedeagus/hypopygium 22–30 %; Aeadeagal apical structure present. Measurements. Body size 3.3–4.2 mm. Hind tibia 1.55–1.7 mm. Wing length 2.8–3.4 mm.

Diagnosis

Trichosia glabra is not a typical representative of the genus Trichosia, because it bears an apical arrangement of spines at the apex of the gonostyles. Typical Trichosia species only have spines on the inner side. Such an apical concentration of spines only occurs in Trichosia basdeni and in the subgenus Mouffetina, which otherwise has shortened palpomeres. Tr. glabra and Tr. basdeni are additionally specific by having bicolour femora, the upper part of the m-fork basally interrupted, a concentration of sensillae on the first palpomere and short antennae. Both species are also conspicuous for their regularly distributed numerous insertion points of fine hairs on the thorax (Fig. 6). Tr. glabra is distinguished from Tr. basdeni by more rounded gonostyles with more numerous apical spines.

Discussion

The synonymy of Sciara glabra and Sciara prisca Winnertz, 1867 was already discovered by Lengersdorf (1930[5]: 67). Mohrig & Menzel (1997[6]: 55) identified the female lectotype of Sciara prisca with Leptosciarella trochanterata (Zetterstedt, 1851). A further examination of the lectotype did confirm Lengerdorf´s concept without doubt. The broken m-fork, the apically darkened femora, the sensory field on the first palpomere and the characteristic insertion points on the thorax are typical for Trichosia glabra but not for Leptosciarella trochanterata.

Etymology

glaber lat. = smooth

Ecology

Trichosia glabra has a wide distribution, but is nowhere very common. It is found all over Europe in a variety of habitats from dry grasslands over forests to northern tundra.

Distribution

Czech Republic[7], Finland[8], France, Germany[9][10][3][11][1][12][13][14][15][16], Great Britain[17][18][19], Great Britain Northern Ireland[20], Greece, Sweden[21][22], Switzerland.

Images

Figure 1. Trichosia glabra male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 1. Trichosia glabra male, hypopygium, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 2. Trichosia glabra male, gonostylus (ventral view), scale 0.1 mm
Figure 2. Trichosia glabra male, gonostylus (ventral view), scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 3. Trichosia glabra male, gonostylus (dorsal view), scale 0.1 mm
Figure 3. Trichosia glabra male, gonostylus (dorsal view), scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 4. Trichosia glabra male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 4. Trichosia glabra male, aedeagal complex, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 5. Trichosia glabra male, 4th antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 5. Trichosia glabra male, 4th antennal flagellar segment, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 6. Trichosia glabra male, mesonotum, scale 0.1 mm
Figure 6. Trichosia glabra male, mesonotum, scale 0.1 mm 
Figure 7. Trichosia glabra male, wing, scale 1 mm
Figure 7. Trichosia glabra male, wing, scale 1 mm 

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Meigen, J.W. 1830: Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten (1-6, 6: iii-xi). Schulzische Buchhandlung, Hamm. BHL
  2. ↑ Freeman, P. 1983: Sciarid flies. Diptera, Sciaridae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol 9 (6). Royal Entomological Society of London, London.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Menzel, F.; Mohrig, W. 1997: Revision der paläarktischen Arten von Trichosia Winnertz sensu Tuomikoski, 1960 (Diptera: Sciaridae). - Teil I. Gattung 'Trichosia' Winnerz, 1867. Studia dipterologica, 4(1), 3–40.
  4. ↑ Winnertz, J. 1867: Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen. W. Braunmüller, Wien. BHL
  5. ↑ Lengersdorf, F. 1930: 7. Lycoriidae (Sciaridae). In: E. Lindner (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region (2(1)). E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1–71.
  6. ↑ Mohrig, W.; Menzel, F. 1997: Revision der paläarktischen Arten von Trichosia Winnertz sensu Tuomikoski, 1960 (Diptera, Sciaridae). – Teil II. Gattungen Leptosciarella Tuomikoski, 1960 und Trichodapus gen. nov. Studia dipterologica, 4(1), 41–98.
  7. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 2000: Neue Trauermücken aus Mähren (Diptera: Sciaridae). Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins e. V., 25, 75–86.
  8. ↑ Salmela, J.; Vilkamaa, P. 2005: Sciaridae (Diptera) from central Finland: faunistics and taxonomy. Entomologica Fennica, 16, 287–300.
  9. ↑ Menzel, F. 1992: Beiträge zur Taxonomie und Faunistik der paläarktischen Trauermücken (Diptera, Sciaridae). Teil II. - Die Sciaridae des Museums für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Beiträge zur Entomologie, 42(2), 259–277.
  10. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 2006: Neue Trauermücken-Arten aus Bayern und eine erweiterte Bestandsaufnahme der aus Bayern bekannten Arten (Diptera: Sciaridae). Entomofauna, 27, 433-447.
  11. ↑ Hennicke, S.; Martschei, T.; Müller-Motzfeld, G. 1997: Erste Ergebnisse der Erfassung ausgewählter Arthropodengruppen der Stadt Greifswald (Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Saltatoria). Insecta, 5, 51-100.
  12. ↑ Heller, K. 1999: Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Gönnersdorf (Kr. Daun). Beiträge zur Insektenfauna der Eifeldorfer 20. Dendrocopos, 26, 249-262.
  13. ↑ Menzel, F.; Mohrig, W. 2000: Revision der paläarktischen Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica Supplement 6, 1-761. AMPYX-Verlag, Halle.
  14. ↑ Heller, K. 2004: Eine Bestandsaufnahme der Sciaridae (Diptera) Schleswig-Holsteins mit Ergänzungen und Korrekturen zum bisher bekannten Arteninventar. Faunistisch-Ökologische Mitteilungen, 8, 233–257.
  15. ↑ Menzel, F.; Mohrig, W. 1991: Beiträge zur Faunistik und Ökologie des Naturschutzgebietes “Apfelstädter Ried”, Kreis Erfurt-Land. Teil VI - Diptera: Sciaridae. Veröffentlichungen des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt, 10, 27-45.
  16. ↑ Menzel, F.; Heller, K. 2006: Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) aus dem Nationalpark „Hainich“ (Thüringen) nebst der Beschreibung von Scatopsciara andrei Menzel spec. nov. Studia dipterologica, 13(1), 45–59.
  17. ↑ Edwards, F.W. 1925: XXII. British fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). With a revised generic classification of the family. The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1925(3-4), 505–670. PDF
  18. ↑ Menzel, F.; Smith, J.E.; Chandler, P. 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146, 1-147. PDF
  19. ↑ Freeman, P. 1990: Notes on British Sciaridae (Diptera) with descriptions of three new species and of a species new to Britain. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 126, 51–55.
  20. ↑ Alexander, K.N.; Hope, J.C.E.; Lucas, A.; Smith, J.P. et al. 2006: Wood Pasture and Parkland Scoping Study 2006. Research and Development Series (08/01). Northern Ireland Environment Agency. PDF
  21. ↑ Heller, K.; Vilkamaa, P.; Hippa, H. 2009: An annotated check list of Swedish black fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae). Sahlbergia, 15(1), 23-51.
  22. ↑ Rudzinski, H.-G. 1992: Neue Mitteilungen zum Vorkommen von Trauermücken in Schweden (Diptera: Nematocera: Sciaridae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 102, 66–72.
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