Timarcha rugosa
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Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Chrysomelidae
Genus: Timarcha
Name
Timarcha rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767) – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
- Tenebrio rugosus Linnaeus 1767[1]: 678 (original description).
- Chrysomela scabra Olivier 1807[2]: 507 (original description). Synonymized by Fairmaire (1884[3]: 89). Synonymy confirmed.
- Timarcha generosa Erichson 1841[4]: 189 (original description). Synonymized by Fairmaire and Allard (1873[5]: 161). Synonymy confirmed.
Type localities
Tenebrio rugosus: “Africa” [other localities mentioned in the original description as “Hispania” and “Gallia” are erroneous and should not be taken into consideration following Recommendation 76A.2 of the Code (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999[6])]. Chrysomela scabra: “côte de Barbarie”. Timarcha generosa: “Bona”.
Type material
Tenebrio rugosus: not examined. The photographs of the lectotype (♀, presently designated, Fig. 15), labelled “rugosus / chalybeata [reversal, w, h, Linnaeus’ handwriting] // 27 [w, p]” (LSUK, code LINN 6576), are available at http://linnean-online.org/23901/.
Chrysomela scabra: Lectotype (♀, presently designated, Fig. 16): “COLLECTION / OLIVIER / TYPE [round green label, p] // lectotypus [p] / Timarcha / scabra Olivier [h] / Daccordi et Vela des. 2017 [p, r] // Timarcha [p] / rugosa L. [h] / Daccordi et Vela det. 2017 [p, w]” (MNHN).
Timarcha generosa: Lectotype (♂, presently designated, Fig. 17): “generosa / Er. / chalconota Dej. / Bona Wagner [h, w] // v. generosa Er. [h, bluish label] // 19114 [p, w] // Type [p, r] // syntype / Timarcha generosa / Erichson, 1841 / labelled by MFNB 2016 [p, r] // lectotypus [p] / Timarcha / generosa Erichson [h] / Daccordi et Vela des. 2017 [p, r]” (ZMHB). Paralectotype: 1 ♂ “Hist.-Coll. (Coleoptera) / Nr. 19114 / Timarcha generosa Erichs. / Bona, Wagner / Zool. Mus. Berlin [p, w] // 19114 [p, w] // Type [p, r] // syntype / Timarcha generosa / Erichson, 1841 / labelled by MFNB 2016 [p, r] // paralectotypus [p] / Timarcha / generosa Erichs. [h] / Daccordi et Vela des. 2017 [p, r]” (ZMHB). Paralectotype: 1 ♀ “Hist.-Coll. (Coleoptera) / Nr. 19114 / Timarcha generosa Erichs. / Bona, Wagner / Zool. Mus. Berlin [p, w] // 19114 [p, w] // Type [p, r] // syntype / Timarcha generosa / Erichson, 1841 / labelled by MFNB 2016 [p, r] // paralectotypus [p] / Timarcha / generosa Erichs. [h] / Daccordi et Vela des. 2017 [p, r]” (ZMHB). All the specimens carry a label: “TIMARCHA [p] / rugosa L. [h] / Daccordi et Vela det. 2017 [p, w].
Comments
Fairmaire (1884[3]: 89) and Fairmaire and Allard (1873[5]: 161), respectively, considered Chrysomela scabra and Timarcha generosa as junior synonyms of T. rugosa, and we can confirm these decisions. However, since Bechynĕ (1947a[7]: 56) to present, T. generosa and T. scabra were regarded as separate species (Gómez-Zurita and Kippenberg 2010[8]: 439, 441; Warchałowski 2010[9]: 625). The lectotype of T. generosa designated herein has blackish legs, but it is interesting that the two paralectotypes have reddish legs, showing this color variation which is not uncommon in several Timarcha species.
Diagnosis
Males: 11.8–19.0 mm (lectotype of T. generosa: 15.8 mm, Fig. 17); females: 13.7–21.2 mm (lectotype of Tenebrio rugosus is an extended specimen measuring 23.5 mm, Fig. 15; lectotype of Timarcha scabra is an unextended specimen measuring 15.6 mm, Fig. 16). Species variable in size, form of pronotum, and elytral sculpture. Black, shining or matte, sometimes with bronze tan. Legs black or femora and tibiae reddish, also antennomeres I–V can be reddish at base in populations of northern Algeria. Pronotum cordiform or subcordiform, with maximum width at distal 1/3, reborded even at posterior angles, without or with weak punctures which are not very dense (Fig. 19). Elytra not or weakly punctured, always conspicuously vermiculate, giving a rugose aspect (Fig. 18). Mesoventrite straight or weakly emarginate, not or weakly prominent. In ventral view, meso- and metatarsomere III slightly emarginated at apex in males; in females, this emargination is well marked, which is a differential feature relative to other species. Vestiture tarsal formulae: ♂♂ (0,0,0; 0–1/3,0,0; 0–4/5 (very finely),0,0), ♀♀ (1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 1; 1, 1, 1). Aedeagus somewhat variable, generally broad (Fig. 20c, e) but sometimes narrower (Fig. 20a) in dorsal view, and also more or less curved in side view (Fig. 20b, d, f). Sclerites of internal sac of aedeagus, in dorsoventral view, with wide or fine, slightly curved, and paired phanera, and a straight flagellum (Figs 21, 22). The inflated endophallus is shown in Figure 22.
Distribution
Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. Spain and France, as in the original description of T. rugosus, are wrong.
Host plants
Plantago albicans L. (Plantaginaceae), Asperula sp. (Rubiaceae) (Jolivet 1966[10]).
Taxon Treatment
- Vela, J; Alonso-Zarazaga, M; Daccordi, M; 2020: The species of Timarcha Samouelle, 1819 described by Linnaeus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) ZooKeys, 986: 55-80. doi
Images
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![Figures 18–22. Timarcha rugosa18 male habitus from Algery, Mandoura (a), Morocco, Debdou (b) and Morocco, Aguelmame Sidi Ali (c) 19 pronota of males from Algery, Mandoura (a), Morocco, Debdou (b) and Morocco, Aguelmam Sidi Ali (c) 20 aedeagi from Morocco, Oujda in dorsal (a) and side (b) view, Morocco, Aguelmame Sidi Ali in dorsal (c) and side (d) view and Morocco, Annual in dorsal (e) and side (f) view 21 sclerite of the endophallus from Algery, Batna in dorsal view (taken from Daccordi et al. 2020[11]) 22 Everted endophallus from Morocco, Ain Benimathar, in dorsal (a) and side view (b). Scale bars: 1 mm (20), 0.5 mm (21).](/wiki/File:Zookeys-986-055-g005.jpg)
Other References
- ↑ Linnaeus C (1767) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus diferentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio duodecima, reformata. Tomus I, Pars II. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, [2] + 533–1327 + [37] pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57766250
- ↑ Olivier G (1807) Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des insectes, avec leurs caractères génériques et spécifiques, leur description, leur synonymie et leur figure enluminée. Coléoptères. Tome cinquième.Desray, Paris, 612 pp. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33604275
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Fairmaire L (1884) Liste complémentaire des espéces du genre Timarcha.Anales de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural13: 75–112.
- ↑ Erichson W (1841) Über die Insekten von Algier mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer geographischen Verbreitung. In: Wagner M (Ed.) Reise in die Regentsschaft Algier in den Jahren 1836, 1837 und 1838 nebst einem naturhistorischen Anhang und einem Kupferatlas.Dritter Band. L. Voss, Leipzig, 140–194. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49771
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Fairmaire L, Allard L (1873) Révision du genre Timarcha.Annales de la Société Entomologique de France5(3): 143–202.
- ↑ International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition.The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp.
- ↑ Bechynĕ J (1947a) Notulae ad cognitionem generis Timarcha Latr. VIII (Col. Phytoph. Chrysomelidae).Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae25: 55–61.
- ↑ Gómez-Zurita J, Kippenberg H (2010) Chrysomelinae, tribe Timarchini. In: Löbl I Smetana A (Eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea (Vol.6). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 437–443.
- ↑ Warchałowski A (2010) The Palaearctic Chrysomelidae. Identification Keys.Natura Optima Dux Foundation, Warszawa, 2 vols, 1211 pp.
- ↑ Jolivet P (1966) Notes systématiques et écologiques sur les chrysomélides marocains (Col.) (1re note: Chrysomelinae).Bulletin de la Société des Sciences naturelles et physiques du Maroc46(1–2): 121–126.
- ↑ Daccordi M, Bollino M, Vela J (2020) Some techniques for the study of useful characters in the taxonomy of the genus Timarcha Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).European Journal of Taxonomy630: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.630
