Testudacarus americanus
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Ordo: Trombidiformes
Familia: Torrenticolidae
Genus: Testudacarus
Name
Testudacarus americanus Marshall, 1943 – Wikispecies link – ZooBank link – Pensoft Profile
- Testudacarus americanus: Marshall 1943[1] : 320; Bergstrom 1953[2] : 160; Mitchell 1954[3] : 40; Imamura 1955[4] : 182, 188; Viets 1956[5] : 255; Habeeb 1959a[6]: 21; Habeeb 1959b[7]: 6; Crowell 1961[8] : 329; Mitchell 1962[9] : 42; Lundblad 1967[10] : 418; Habeeb 1967[11] : 1, 4; Habeeb 1969[12] : 2; Young 1969[13] : 373, 376–377, 380–381, 383–384, 386; Cook 1974[14] : 578–579; Habeeb 1974a[15] : 1; Imamura 1976[16] : 283, 284; Smith 1982[17] : 901, 922–923, 981–985; Viets 1987[18] : 724–725; Smith and Cook 1991[19] : 582; Cramer 1992[20] : 14; Smith et al. 2001[21] : 625; Guo and Jin 2005[22] : 72; Walter et al. 2009[23] : 353; Smith et al. 2010[24] : 566; Smith et al. 2011[25] : 262.
- Testudacarus american galloi: Habeeb 1969[12]: 2
Type series
Holotype (1♀): California, USA: 1♀ from Santa Cruz County, Waddell Creek, 29-30 June 1933, by PR Needham, RM330008
Other material examined
Other (9♀, 8♂): Oregon, USA: 1♀ and 1♂ from Lincoln County, Siuslaw National Forest, Lord Creek, (44°14'24.00"N, 123°46'11.00"W), 8 August 2013, by JC O’Neill and WA Nelson, JNOW13-0808-002; 3♀ and 4♂ from Lane County, Cape Perpetua, Cape Perpetua Campground (44°16'51.00"N, 124°5'38.00"W), 15 September 2004, by IM Smith, IMS040077; 1♀ and 1♂ from Lane County, Rock Creek, Rock Creek Campground off Route 101 between Heceta Head and Yachats (44°11'6.00"N, 124°6'34.00"W), 14 September 2004, by IM Smith, IMS040076; 1♀ from Lane County, Cape Creek, Cape Perpetua, Cape Perpetua Campground (44°16'51.00"N, 124°5'38.00"W), 24 June 2010, by IM Smith, IMS100083; 1♀ and 1♂ from Curry County, Port Orford, beside road from Humbug Mountain State Park to McGribble Campground (Forest Road 5002) 5.3 km from Route 101 (42°42'11.00"N, 124°23'54.00"W), 25 June 1976, by IM Smith, IMS760161; 1♀ from Curry County, Port Orford, beside road from Humbug Mountain State Pk to McGribble Campground (Forest Road 5002) 4.6 km from Route 101 (42°42'3.00"N, 124°24'21.00"W), 17 June 2010, by IM Smith , IMS100070; 1♀ from Curry County, Siskiyou National Forest, North Fork of Foster Creek, beside Road #33 between Powers and Agness (42°39'N, 124°4'W), 2 July 1983, IMS 830019; Washington, USA: 1♂ from Kittitas County, Wenatchee National Forest, Squawk Creek, (47°16'51.00"N, 120°41'53.00"W), 31 July 2013, by JC O’Neill, WA Nelson, JNOW13-0731-002.
Type deposition
Holotype (1♀) deposited at CNC.
Diagnosis
Resembling most Testudacarus smithi, these mites differ by shape, color, and several other characters. Most notably, Testudacarus americanus are elliptical and colorless to peach and have a small cheliceral fang (<33 µm) while Testudacarus smithi are rounded and are grey to colorless with large cheliceral fangs (>40 µm).
Redescription
Female (n=10) with characteristics of the genus with following specifications.
Gnathosoma — Subcapitulum [180–199 ventral length; 108–121 dorsal length; 110–124 tall] ovoid with short rostrum and colorless. Chelicerae [148–173 long] unmodified with lightly curved fangs [30–33 long]. Pedipalp [209–236 long] unmodified. Trochanter [29–37 long; 31–33 wide]. Femur [54–59 long; 38–45 wide]. Genu [47–60 long; 32–36 wide]. Tibia [53–59 long; 21–24 wide]. Tarsus [19–23 long; 9–13 wide].
Dorsum (Fig. 33) — [826–890 long; 570–688 wide] ovoid to oblong and colorless with a peach tint. Dorsal plate [696–765 long; 497–561 wide]. Primary sclerotization [626–710 long]. Dorso-glandularia-4 [221–260 apart] anterior to [0–35] and lateral to [50–67] muscle scars. Anterio-medial platelet [198–241 long; 85–105 wide] broad, thin, very slightly rounded trapezoid similar in size to anterio-lateral platelets. Anterio-lateral platelets [219–253 long; 103–130 wide]. Lateral platelets as follows: lateral-1 [562–78 long; 48–59 wide]; lateral-2 [175–191 long; 41–59 wide]; lateral-3 [50–81 long; 22–45 wide]; lateral-4 [137–180 long; 40–56 wide]; lateral-5 [62–78 long; 40–55 wide]; lateral-6 [140–153 long; 39–56 wide]; lateral-7 [76–102 long; 36–52 wide]. Venter (Fig. 33) — [973–1095 long; 620–731 wide] ovoid to oblong and colorless. Primary sclerotization [828–934 long]. Gnathosomal bay [83–100 dorsal length; 171–196 ventral length; 67–82 wide]. Coxal field [555–615 long; 393–478 wide] noticeably small in relation to the venter when compared to other Testudacarines. Coxa-I [279–326 long; 106–141 midlength]. Coxa-II + III [128–145 distance to top of coxa-II; 211–256 distance to top of coxa-III; 391–444 distance to bottom of coxa-III; 263–304 total length]. Coxa-IV [368–427 distance to top; 170–198 total length]. Genital field [375–438 distance to top; 570–641 distance to bottom; 188–203 total length; 157–170 width; 203–259 distance from gnathosomal bay; 94–118 distance from coxa-I; 282–325 distance to excretory pore; 403–472 distance to caudad]. Eggs [182–200 long; 1–2 eggs]. Distance to excretory pore [880–964].
Legs — colorless. Total leg and podomere lengths as follows: Leg-I [542–604 total; trochanter 68–75; basifemur 91–108; telofemur 75–83; genu 95–111; tibia 108–122; tarsus 101–112]. Leg-II [548–611 total; trochanter 63–72; basifemur 95–108; telofemur 70–83; genu 93–103; tibia 107–123; tarsus 110–127]. Leg-III [595–683 total; trochanter 66–73; basifemur 99–108; telofemur 76–84; genu 103–124; tibia 127–150; tarsus 124–153]. Leg-IV [854–987 total; trochanter 94–112; basifemur 125–152; telofemur 134–154; genu 170–192; tibia 171–216; tarsus 154–181].
Male (n=8) similar to female except for sexually dimorphic characters previously discussed and with following specifications.
Gnathosoma — Subcapitulum [164–178 ventral length; 97–109 dorsal length; 96–114 tall]. Chelicerae [132–152 long]. Fangs [28–33 long]. Pedipalp [202–222 long]. Trochanter [28–33 long; 28–33 wide]. Femur [50–58 long; 38–42 wide]. Genu [50–55 long; width 30–35 wide]. Tibia [53–58 long; 20–22 wide]. Tarsus [18–23 long; 11–13 wide].
Dorsum (Fig. 34) — [678–755 long; 475–534 wide]. Dorsal plate [573–645 long; 405–463 wide]. Dorso-glandularia-4 [180–208 apart] lateral to [40–58] and well anterior to [53–90] muscle scars. Anterio-medial platelet [194–220 long; 82–103 wide]. Anterio-lateral platelets [198–227 long; 101–120 wide] without noticeable bump. Lateral platelets as follows: lateral-1 [52–62 long; 35–48 wide]; lateral-2 [125–164 long; 30–45 wide]; lateral-3 [47–68 long; 21–31 wide]; lateral-4 [92–120 long; 31–41 wide]; lateral-5 [55–68 long; 20–39 wide]; lateral-6 [87–125 long; 25–43 wide]; lateral-7 [47–63 long; 26–38 wide]. Venter (Fig. 34) — [840–893 long; 516–605 wide]. Primary sclerotization [763–841 long]. Gnathosomal bay [76–93 dorsal length; 150–174 ventral length; 64–89 wide]. Coxal field [520–594 long; 361–402 wide]. Coxa-I [276–291 long; 112–126 midlength]. Coxa-II + III [112–130 distance to top of coxa-II; 190–226 distance to top of coxa-III; 413–452 distance to bottom of coxa-III; 298–324 total length]. Coxa-IV [366–395 length to top; 150–203 total length]. Genital field [448–492 distance to top; 593–638 distance to bottom; 130–159 total length; 120–138 width; 292–323 distance from gnathosomal bay; 168–200 distance from coxa-I; 181–201 distance to excretory pore; 236–280 distance to caudad]. Genital skeleton [163–178 long; 80–88 wide]. Distance to excretory pore [780–833].
Legs — total leg and podomere lengths as follows: Leg-I [501–560 total; trochanter 57–64; basifemur 85–99; telofemur 70–80; genu 90–102; tibia 101–113; tarsus 95–108]. Leg-II [508–567 total; trochanter 58–67; basifemur 88–96; telofemur 67–74; genu 83–99; tibia 101–117; tarsus 105–119]. Leg-III [554–615 total; trochanter 59–63; basifemur 83–98; telofemur 70–76; genu 97–115; tibia 117–138; tarsus 119–132]. Leg-IV [526–882 total; trochanter 79–103; basifemur 116–130; telofemur 121–135; genu 157–175; tibia 171–197; tarsus 149–166].
Distribution
Western North America within and west of the Rocky Mountains. California (Marshall 1943[1]), Wyoming (Bergstrom 1953[2]), Colorado (Young 1969[13]), Vancouver Island (Smith 1982[17]), Mexico State (Cramer 1992[20]).
Remarks
Having examined the type material, we suggest that Testudacarus americanus galloi Habeeb, 1969 is simply a teneral Testudacarus americanus that Habeeb confused for an “a-typical” Testudacarus americanus.
Taxon Treatment
- O’Neill, J; Fisher, J; Nelson, W; Skvarla, M; Fisher, D; Dowling, A; 2016: Systematics of testudacarine torrent mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia, Torrenticolidae) with descriptions of 13 new species from North America ZooKeys, (582): 13-110. doi
Images
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Other References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Marshall R (1943) Hydracarina from California. Part I. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 62: 306–324. doi: 10.2307/3223036
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bergstrom D (1953) Hydracarina from the Rocky Mountain Region. Transactions of the American Microscoicpal Society 72: 157–162. doi: 10.2307/3223514
- ↑ Mitchell R (1954) Check list of North American water-mites. Fieldiana: Zoology 35: 27–70.
- ↑ Imamura T (1955) Crenophilous and rheophilous water-mites from Mishima and its vicinity. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 16-19: 181–192.
- ↑ Viets K (1956) Die milben des süßwassers und des meeres: Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae (Acari). Zweiter un dritter teil. Katalog und nomenklator. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 870 pp.
- ↑ Habeeb H (1959a) List of North American water-mites. Le Naturaliste Canadien 86: 19–25.
- ↑ Habeeb H (1959b) New Hydrachnellae chiefly from California. Leaflets of Acadian Biology 19: 1–6.
- ↑ Crowell R (1961) Catalogue of the distribution and ecological relationship of North American Hydracarina. Canadian Entomologist 93: 321–359. doi: 10.4039/Ent93321-5
- ↑ Mitchell R (1962) The structure and evolution of water-mite mouthparts. Journal of Morphology 110: 41–59.
- ↑ Lundblad C (1967) Wassermilben von Hinterindien. Arkiv för Zoologi 19: 391–419. [In German]
- ↑ Habeeb H (1967) A check list of North American water-mites. Leaflets of Acadian Biology 43: 1–8.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Habeeb H (1969) Notes on water-mites – II. (erratum: III). Leaflets of Acadian Biology 51: 1–2.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Young W (1969) Ecological distribution of Hydracarina in north central Colorado. American Midland Naturalist 82: 367–401. doi: 10.2307/2423785
- ↑ Cook D (1974) Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 21: 1–841.
- ↑ Habeeb H (1974a) New genera of water-mites. Leaflets of Acadian Biology 61: 1–2.
- ↑ Imamura T (1976) Two new species of water-mites from Nikko National Park, Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 49: 279–284.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Smith I (1982) Larvae of water mites of the genera of the superfamily Lebertioidea (Prostigmata: Parasitengona) in North America with comments on phylogeny and higher classification of the superfamily. Canadian Entomologist 114: 901–990. doi: 10.4039/Ent114901-10
- ↑ Viets K (1987) Die milben des Süßwassers (Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae [part.], Acari). 2: Katalog. Sonderbände des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 8: 1–1012. [In German]
- ↑ Smith I, Cook D (1991) Water mites (Hydrachnidiae) and other arachnids. In: Thorp J Covich A (Eds) Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, 523–592.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Cramer C (1992) Estudios sobre hidracáridos Mexicanos, familia Torrenticolidae. I. Cinco especies nuevas de Neoatractides y Torrenticola y primer registro de Testudacarus para México. Anales Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacionale Autónoma de México, Seria Zoologia 63: 13–27. [In Spanish]
- ↑ Smith I, Smith B, Cook D (2001) Water mites (Hydrachnida) and other arachnids. In: Covich J Thorp A (Eds) Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, 551–659. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012690647950017X [April 10, 2015]
- ↑ Guo J, Jin D (2005) Description of a new species Testudacarus in the subfamily Testudacarinae newly recorded from China (Acari, Lebertioidea, Torrenticolidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 30: 70–72.
- ↑ Walter D, Lindquist E, Smith I, Cook D, Krantz G (2009) Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz G Walter D (Eds) A Manual of Acarology. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, 233–420.
- ↑ Smith I, Cook D, Smith B (2010) Water mites (Hydrachnidiae) and other arachnids. In: Thorp J Covich A (Eds) Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, 485–586. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374855-3.00015-7
- ↑ Smith I, Lindquist E, Behan-Pelletier V (2011) Mites (Acari). In: Scudder G Smith I (Eds) Assessment of Species Diversity in the Montane Cordillera Ecozone, 193–268. Available at http://www.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/assets/Montane-Cordillera-Ecozone.pdf
