Tamarixia
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Ordo: Hymenoptera
Familia: Eulophidae
Name
Tamarixia Mercet, 1924 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile
Type species
Tamarixia bicolor Mercet, 1924: 57 (original designation).
Diagnosis
Tamarixia can be distinguished by the following combination of features: fore wing with a single seta on the dorsal surface of the submarginal vein, propodeum without a Y-shaped carina; plicae and paraspiracular carinae absent, midlobe of mesoscutum with 2 pairs of long adnotaular setae (three pairs setae in Tamarixia dahlsteni Zuparko, 2011) and additional 2 pairs of short setae in the upper part in a horizontal row and 1 seta near notauli in Tamarixia aguacatensis sp. n. (Fig. 7). The anterior margin of the female hypopygium is almost straight, and the males have exceptionally long genitalia. An additional diagnostic character is that the toruli are closer to eye margin than to each other. Species are generally shiny black, but may have yellow markings on the gaster and/or head. The gaster of the female subcircular to ovate; one seta of each cercus 1.5 times or more the length of the next longest seta.
Biology
Species of Tamarixia are primary ectoparasitoids of psyllids (Graham 1987[1], 1991[2]; Bouček 1988a[3], 1988b[4]; LaSalle 1994[5]; Brothers and Moran 1969[6]; Moran et al. 1969[7]; Noyes 2013[8]) and parasitize immature stages of Trioza (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) (Mead 1994[9]).
Distribution
Tamarixia is a cosmopolitan genus, with about 50 described species (Noyes 2013[8]), most of them in Palearctic. Zuparko et al. (2011)[10] listed 47 species of Tamarixia in the world but the authors missed 3 species: Tamarixia krascheninnikovi (Kostjukov, 1990), Tamarixia fulvus Yefremova & Yegorenkova, 2009 and Tamarixia psyllae Yefremova & Yegorenkova, 2009 (Kostjukov 1990[11]; Yefremova and Yegorenkova 2009[12]).
Identification
Keys to Tamarixia species are available for Europe (Graham 1991[2]), the European part of Russia and the Far East of Russia (Kostjukov 1978[13]; Kostjukov 1995[14], 2000[15]), India (Narendran 2007[16]), North America (Burks 1943[17], two species as part of Tetrastichus), and Yemen (Yefremova and Yegorenkova 2009[12]).
Key to Mexican species of Tamarixia
(Females)(Males)
Taxon Treatment
- Yefremova, Z; González-Santarosa, G; Lomeli-Flores, J; Bautista-Martínez, N; 2014: A new species of Tamarixia Mercet (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), parasitoid of Trioza aguacate Hollis & Martin (Hemiptera, Triozidae) in Mexico ZooKeys, 368: 23-35. doi
Other References
- ↑ Graham M (1987) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 55: 1-392.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Graham M (1991) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 49, 322 pp.
- ↑ Bouček Z (1988a) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 832 pp.
- ↑ Bouček Z (1988b) Tamarixia leucaenae sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitic on the leucaena psyllid Heteropsylla cubana Crawford (Hemiptera) in Trinidad. Bulletin of Entomological Research 78: 545-547. doi: 10.1017/S0007485300013298
- ↑ LaSalle J (1994) North American genera of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Natural History 28: 109-236. doi: 10.1080/00222939400770091
- ↑ Brothers D, Moran V (1969) A new species of Tetrastichus Haliday, 1844 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitic on the nymphs of Paurocephala calodendri Moran (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B) 38(3/4): 40–46.
- ↑ Moran V, Brothers D, Case J (1969) Observations on the biology of Tetrastichus flavigaster Brothers & Moran (Hym., Eulophidae), parasitic on psyllid nymphs (Hem., Hom.). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 121: 41-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2311.1969.tb00516.x
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Noyes J (2013) Universal Chalcidoidea Database, World Wide Web electronic publication. The Natural History Museum, London. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/chalcidoids/index.html [accessed on 23 August 2013]
- ↑ Mead F (1994) Eugenia psyllid, Trioza eugeniae Froggatt (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Entomology Circular, Florida Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, No 367: 1-3.
- ↑ Zuparko R, De Queiroz D, LaSalle J (2011) Two new species of Tamarixia (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Chile and Australia, established as biological control agents of invasive psyllids (Hemiptera: Calophyidae, Triozidae) in California. Zootaxa 2921: 13-27.
- ↑ Kostjukov V (1990) New species of the eulophid genus Tetrastichus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) from far eastern Russia. In: Lelei A (Ed) Novosti sistematiki nasekomikh Dalnego Vostoka. AN SSSR, Dalnevostochnoe Otdelenie biol. pochv. in-t, Vladivostok, 46-63. [in Russian]
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Yefremova Z, Yegorenkova E (2009) The subfamily of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Yemen, with description of new species. Fauna of Arabia: 169–211.
- ↑ Kostjukov V (1978) [Podsem 5. Tetrastichinae]. In: Medvedev G (Ed) Opredelitel’ Nasekomykh Evropey’skoy Chasti SSSR, Tom III, Pereponchatokrylye, Vtoraya chast’. Nauka, Leningrad, 430-76. [in Russian]
- ↑ Kostjukov V (1995) 46. [Family Eulophidae Subfamily Tetrastichinae]. In: Lehr P (Ed) [Key to the insects of Russian Far East in six volumes]. 4. Dal’nauka, Vladivostok, Russia, 346-505. [in Russian]
- ↑ Kostjukov V (2000) [Nadsem. Chalcidoidea 46. Sem. Eulophidae]. In: Lehr P (Ed) Opredelitel’ nasekomykh dal’nego vostoka Rossii 4(4): 582–601. Dal’nauka, Vladivostok. [in Russian]
- ↑ Narendran T (2007) Indian Chalcidoid Parasitoids of the Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper No. 272, 1–386 + 5 plates.
- ↑ Burks B (1943) The North American parasitic wasps of the genus Tetrastichus — a contribution to biological control of insect pests. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 93: 505–608. doi: 10.5479/si.00963801.93-3170.505
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