Subgenus Mecyclothorax

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Liebherr J (2018) Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 65(1) : 1–63, doi. Versioned wiki page: 2018-01-18, version 164814, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Subgenus_Mecyclothorax&oldid=164814 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

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@article{Liebherr2018DeutscheEntomologischeZeitschrift65,
author = {Liebherr, James K.},
journal = {Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift},
publisher = {Pensoft Publishers},
title = {Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel},
year = {2018},
volume = {65},
issue = {1},
pages = {1--63},
doi = {10.3897/dez.65.21000},
url = {https://dez.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=21000},
note = {Versioned wiki page: 2018-01-18, version 164814, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Subgenus_Mecyclothorax&oldid=164814 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.}

}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel
A1 - Liebherr J
Y1 - 2018
JF - Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift
JA -
VL - 65
IS - 1
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.65.21000
SP - 1
EP - 63
PB - Pensoft Publishers
M1 - Versioned wiki page: 2018-01-18, version 164814, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Subgenus_Mecyclothorax&oldid=164814 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.

M3 - doi:10.3897/dez.65.21000

Wikipedia/ Citizendium:

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| author = Liebherr J
| title = Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel
| journal = Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift
| year = 2018
| volume = 65
| issue = 1
| pages = 1--63
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| publisher = Pensoft Publishers
| doi = 10.3897/dez.65.21000
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}} Versioned wiki page: 2018-01-18, version 164814, https://species-id.net/w/index.php?title=Subgenus_Mecyclothorax&oldid=164814 , contributors (alphabetical order): Pensoft Publishers.</ref>

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Taxonavigation

Ordo: Coleoptera
Familia: Carabidae

Name

Sharp, 1903 – Wikispecies link – Pensoft Profile

Diagnosis

This subgenus holds most of the species-level diversity in the genus, and within those radiations character diversity is rampant, making setal configurations, body form, or mensural characters useless for diagnosis. The best means to diagnose this group is through male genitalic characters, as no species of this subgenus studied to date exhibit a flagellum on the internal sac. Instead, the gonopore is surrounded by either a donut-shaped, soft expansion, or this area of the sac bears a scoop-like flagellar plate, well sclerotized and even ridged, with the gonopore present in membrane lying on the convex surface of this plate (Fig. 4F, G). The male median lobe also exhibits an opercular flap: i.e. a sclerotized triangle articulated with membrane that lies at the distal end of the ostium (Fig. 4G). Male parameres are elongate, with the left paramere generally narrow basally with the apex extended as an attenuate whip (Fig. 5D). External characters differ greatly across the pectinate comb of taxa comprising the base of the radiation – M. monteithi to M. globicollis (Fig. 7) – though several external characters can assist in assignment of species to this subgenus. First, the labrum is emarginate apically, either distinctly as in M. goweri (Fig. 1A), or less so as in M. montivagus (Fig. 8D). The ligular margin is generally truncate with the ligular setae well separated (Fig. 1G), though as exceptions, the ligula is apically rounded in the Papuan taxa M. brispex and M. andersoni (Fig. 7, Liebherr 2017b[1]). The prosternum exhibits a smooth to distinctly punctate anteapical groove, though never any other punctures. The parascutellar striole is present, and may be smooth or punctate, with up to 8 punctures along its length (Fig. 8D–E). The female reproductive tract is nearly exclusively characterized by the spermathecal duct entering the dorsal surface of the bursa directly dorsad the juncture of the common oviduct with the bursa copulatrix (Fig. 6F). However, based on the cladistic analysis (Fig. 7), entry of the spermathecal duct at the bursal-common oviduct juncture–as in subgenera Eucyclothorax and Qecyclothorax–atavistically and independently re-evolves in M. brispex and the Australian sister taxa M. lateralis and M. minutus (Fig. 6E).

Member species

The immense diversity of species comprising this subgenus is represented by 25 species in the cladistic analysis. The various species known from Norfolk Island (Moore 1985[2]), Lord Howe Island (Moore 1992[3]), Borneo (Baehr and Lorenz 1999[4]), Java (Andrewes 1933[5], Louwerens 1949[6], 1953[7]; 3 of 5 resident species analyzed); Papua New Guinea (8 species, Guéorguiev 2013[8], Liebherr 2008a[9], 2017b[1]), St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands (Enderlein 1909[10], Jeannel 1940[11]), and New Zealand (Liebherr and Marris 2009[12]) all are members of this clade (Fig. 7). Examination of illustrations of male genitalia for other New Guinean species (Baehr 1992[13], 1995[14], 1998[15], 2002[16], 2008[17], 2014[18]) indicates that the entire 22 species currently known from New Guinea belong to this subgenus. Phylogenetic placement of M. montivagus of Hawaii, and M. marau of Tahiti near M. punctipennis of Australia, the hypothesized colonist taxon for both the Hawaiian and Tahitian radiations (Liebherr 2013[19], 2015[20]) indicates that these species appropriately act as surrogates for the entire 239 species of the Hawaiian Mecyclothorax radiation (Liebherr 2015[20]) plus the 108 species comprising the Society Island radiation on Tahiti and Moorea (Liebherr 2012[21], 2013[19]). The Australian Mecyclothorax fauna is shown to be biogeographically polyphyletic, with the Australian species M. lateralis, M. minutus, M. ambiguus, and M. punctipennis latecomers (Fig. 7) relative to member taxa of Eucyclothorax and Qecyclothorax, with the late-arriving branch of the Australian Mecyclothorax fauna having been derived from New Guinean roots. The two species recently described from Timor Leste (Baehr and Reid 2017[22]) also appear to be members of this subgenus based on their gracile body form with cordate pronotum, largely impunctate ventral body surface, and lack of a flagellum in the male aedeagal median lobe.

Taxon Treatment

  • Liebherr, J; 2018: Cladistic classification of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) and taxonomic revision of the New Caledonian subgenus Phacothorax Jeannel Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 65(1): 1-63. doi

Images

Figure 1. Head and mouthpart structures of Mecyclothorax spp. A–C. Head capsule, dorsal view: A, M. goweri; B, M. fleutiauxi; C, M. laterorectus. D–I, Mentum, labial palps and ligula: D, M. peryphoides, ventral view; E, M. storeyi, ventral view; F, M. amplipennis, dorsal view; G, M. montivagus, dorsal view; H, M. kanak, ventral view; I, M. fleutiauxi, ventral view. Abbreviations include: aso, anterior supraorbital seta; pso, posterior supraorbital seta.
Figure 1. Head and mouthpart structures of Mecyclothorax spp. A–C. Head capsule, dorsal view: A, M. goweri; B, M. fleutiauxi; C, M. laterorectus. D–I, Mentum, labial palps and ligula: D, M. peryphoides, ventral view; E, M. storeyi, ventral view; F, M. amplipennis, dorsal view; G, M. montivagus, dorsal view; H, M. kanak, ventral view; I, M. fleutiauxi, ventral view. Abbreviations include: aso, anterior supraorbital seta; pso, posterior supraorbital seta. 
Figure 4. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres of Mecyclothorax spp., right lateral view, internal sac everted in C–G: A, M. blackburni; B–C, M. peryphoides; D, M. moorei; E, M. lewisensis; F, M. punctipennis; G, M. montivagus. See Table 2 for abbreviations.
Figure 4. Male aedeagal median lobe and parameres of Mecyclothorax spp., right lateral view, internal sac everted in C–G: A, M. blackburni; B–C, M. peryphoides; D, M. moorei; E, M. lewisensis; F, M. punctipennis; G, M. montivagus. See Table 2 for abbreviations. 
Figure 5. Paired left (above) and right (below) parameres of Mecyclothorax spp. (ectal view): A, M. blackburni; B, M. storeyi; C, M. amplipennis; D, M. montivagus; E, M. laterobustus. As the aedeagal assembly of M. storeyi males is inverted relative to other Mecyclothorax species (Moore 1984[23]), the configuration of the upper, or right paramere of M. storeyi should be compared to the ventral, or left parameres of the other species, and vice versa.
Figure 5. Paired left (above) and right (below) parameres of Mecyclothorax spp. (ectal view): A, M. blackburni; B, M. storeyi; C, M. amplipennis; D, M. montivagus; E, M. laterobustus. As the aedeagal assembly of M. storeyi males is inverted relative to other Mecyclothorax species (Moore 1984[23]), the configuration of the upper, or right paramere of M. storeyi should be compared to the ventral, or left parameres of the other species, and vice versa. 
Figure 6. Female reproductive tract, gonocoxites and associated laterotergites, Amblytelus and Mecyclothorax spp: A, A. matthewsi; B, A. brevis; C, M. blackburni; D, M. storeyi; E, M. minutus; F, M. rectangulus. See Table 2 for abbreviations.
Figure 6. Female reproductive tract, gonocoxites and associated laterotergites, Amblytelus and Mecyclothorax spp: A, A. matthewsi; B, A. brevis; C, M. blackburni; D, M. storeyi; E, M. minutus; F, M. rectangulus. See Table 2 for abbreviations. 
Figure 7. Strict consensus cladogram of 16 equally most-parsimonious trees derived from cladistic analysis of 65 moriomorphine taxa, including the secondary outgroup Neonomius laevicollis, six primary outgroup taxa in Amblytelus and allied genera, and 58 ingroup terminals; 57 Mecyclothorax species plus two genitalic forms of M. andersoni. Species terminals are labeled with species name and three-letter abbreviation of relevant generic or subgeneric name. Full listing of included taxa along with subgeneric assignments is presented in Table 2. Cladistic analysis is based on 137 characters (see character descriptions for nature of each character Areas occupied by the included taxa indicated by abbreviations following species epithets: Bo, Borneo; EOZ, eastern Australia, i.e. east of the Nullarbor Plain; FP, French Polynesia, Tahiti; HI, Hawaiian Islands, Maui; Jv, Java; LH, Lord Howe Island; NC, New Caledonia; Nf, Norfolk Island; NNZ, North Island of New Zealand; NZ, generally distributed across New Zealand; OZ, generally distributed across Australia; PNG, Papua New Guinea; QOZ, restricted to Queensland, Australia; SNZ, South Island of New Zealand plus Chatham Islands; SP&A, St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands; WOZ, western Australia, i.e. west of the Nullarbor Plain.
Figure 7. Strict consensus cladogram of 16 equally most-parsimonious trees derived from cladistic analysis of 65 moriomorphine taxa, including the secondary outgroup Neonomius laevicollis, six primary outgroup taxa in Amblytelus and allied genera, and 58 ingroup terminals; 57 Mecyclothorax species plus two genitalic forms of M. andersoni. Species terminals are labeled with species name and three-letter abbreviation of relevant generic or subgeneric name. Full listing of included taxa along with subgeneric assignments is presented in Table 2. Cladistic analysis is based on 137 characters (see character descriptions for nature of each character Areas occupied by the included taxa indicated by abbreviations following species epithets: Bo, Borneo; EOZ, eastern Australia, i.e. east of the Nullarbor Plain; FP, French Polynesia, Tahiti; HI, Hawaiian Islands, Maui; Jv, Java; LH, Lord Howe Island; NC, New Caledonia; Nf, Norfolk Island; NNZ, North Island of New Zealand; NZ, generally distributed across New Zealand; OZ, generally distributed across Australia; PNG, Papua New Guinea; QOZ, restricted to Queensland, Australia; SNZ, South Island of New Zealand plus Chatham Islands; SP&A, St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands; WOZ, western Australia, i.e. west of the Nullarbor Plain. 
Figure 8. Mecyclothorax spp., dorsal view, with subgeneric assignments: A, M. (Eucyclothorax, subgen. n.) blackburni (type species); B, M. (Qecyclothorax, subgen. n.) storeyi (type species); C, M. (Meonochilus, status n.) amplipennis (type species); D, M. (Mecyclothorax) montivagus (type species); E, M. (Mecyclothorax) lissus.
Figure 8. Mecyclothorax spp., dorsal view, with subgeneric assignments: A, M. (Eucyclothorax, subgen. n.) blackburni (type species); B, M. (Qecyclothorax, subgen. n.) storeyi (type species); C, M. (Meonochilus, status n.) amplipennis (type species); D, M. (Mecyclothorax) montivagus (type species); E, M. (Mecyclothorax) lissus. 

Other References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Liebherr J (2017b) Review of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Moriomorphini) from Papua New Guinea with descriptions of five new species. The Coleopterists Bulletin 71: 679–703.
  2. ↑ Moore B (1985) The Carabidae of Norfolk Island. In Ball GE (ed Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Zoogeography of Beetles and Ants, Dr W Junk Publishers, Dordrecht: 237–256.
  3. ↑ Moore B (1992) The Carabidae of Lord Howe Island. In Noonan GR, Ball GE, Stork NE (Eds) The Biogeography of Ground Beetles of Mountains and Islands, Intercept Ltd., Andover, Hampshire, UK.
  4. ↑ Baehr M, Lorenz W (1999) A reevaluation of Loeffleria globicollis Mandl from Borneo (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Psydrinae). Spixiana 22: 263–267.
  5. ↑ Andrewes H (1933) On some new species of Carabidae, chiefly from Java. Treubia 14: 273–286.
  6. ↑ Louwerens C (1949) Some notes on the Carabidae, collected by Mr. P. H. van Doesburg in the Malay Archipelago with descriptions of new species. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 90: 45–53.
  7. ↑ Louwerens C (1953) Carabidae (Col.) from the Sunda Islands. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel 64: 303–327.
  8. ↑ Guéorguiev B (2013) Taxonomic, nomenclatural, and faunistic records for species in tribes Melaenini, Moriomorphini, Pterostichini, Licinini, and Sphodrini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zootaxa 3709: 52–70. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3709.1.2
  9. ↑ Liebherr J (2008a) Mecyclothorax kavanaughi sp. n. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Finisterre Range, Papua New Guinea. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 151: 147–154. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000260
  10. ↑ Enderlein G (1909) 9. Des Insektenfauna der Insel Neu-Amsterdam. In Enderlein G (ed). Die Insekten des Antarktischen Gebietes, 10. Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin: pp. 486–492.
  11. ↑ Jeannel R (1940) Coléoptères. In Jeannel R (ed). Croisière de Bougainville aux Iles Australes Françaises. Mémoires de Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris 14(N.S.): 63–201.
  12. ↑ Liebherr J, Marris J (2009) Revision of the New Zealand species of Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Psydrinae, Mecyclothoracini) and the consequent removal of several species to Meonochilus gen. n. (Psydrinae: Meonini New Zealand Entomologist 32: 5–22.
  13. ↑ Baehr M (1992) A new Mecyclothorax Sharp from New Guinea (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Psydrinae). Spixiana 15: 249–252.
  14. ↑ Baehr M (1995) The genus Mecyclothorax Sharp, 1903 in New Guinea (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Psydrinae). Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologische Gesellschaft 85: 3–19.
  15. ↑ Baehr M (1998) A further new species of the genus Mecyclothorax Sharp from western New Guinea. Spixiana 21: 21–24.
  16. ↑ Baehr M (2002) Two new species of the genus Mecyclothorax Sharp from Papua New Guinea (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Psydrinae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 109: 695–704. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79563
  17. ↑ Baehr M (2008) Two new species of the genus Mecyclothorax Sharp from New Guinea (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Psydrinae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 151: 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000258
  18. ↑ Baehr M (2014) A new species of the genus Mecyclothorax Sharp from New Guinea (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Psydrini, Mecyclothoracina). Spixiana 37: 123–129.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Liebherr J (2013) The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Tahiti, Society Islands. ZooKeys 322: 1–170. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.322.5492
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Liebherr J (2015) The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakalā, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation. ZooKeys 544: 1–407. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074
  21. ↑ Liebherr J (2012) The first precinctive Carabidae from Moorea, Society Islands: new Mecyclothorax spp. (Coleoptera) from the summit of Mont Tohiea. ZooKeys 224: 37–80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.224.3675
  22. ↑ Baehr M, Reid C (2017) On a collection of Carabidae from Timor Leste, with descriptions of nine new species (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae). Records of the Australian Museum 69: 421–450. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.69.2017.1660
  23. ↑ Moore B (1984) Taxonomic notes on some Australasian Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Psydrinae) and descriptions of new species. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 23: 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1984.tb01935.x
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